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BRIGHT: A Realistic and Challenging Benchmark for Reasoning-Intensive Retrieval

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arxiv 2407.12883 v4 pith:D4QAPYCO submitted 2024-07-16 cs.CL cs.AIcs.IR

classification cs.CLcs.AIcs.IR
keywords retrievalbrightqueriesbenchmarkchallengingdocumentsreasoningcoding
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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Existing retrieval benchmarks primarily consist of information-seeking queries (e.g., aggregated questions from search engines) where keyword or semantic-based retrieval is usually sufficient. However, many complex real-world queries require in-depth reasoning to identify relevant documents that go beyond surface form matching. For example, finding documentation for a coding question requires understanding the logic and syntax of the functions involved. To better benchmark retrieval on such challenging queries, we introduce BRIGHT, the first text retrieval benchmark that requires intensive reasoning to retrieve relevant documents. Our dataset consists of 1,384 real-world queries spanning diverse domains, such as economics, psychology, mathematics, and coding. These queries are drawn from naturally occurring and carefully curated human data. Extensive evaluation reveals that even state-of-the-art retrieval models perform poorly on BRIGHT. The leading model on the MTEB leaderboard (Muennighoff et al., 2023) SFR-Embedding-Mistral (Meng et al., 2024), which achieves a score of 59.0 nDCG@10,1 produces a score of nDCG@10 of 18.3 on BRIGHT. We show that incorporating explicit reasoning about the query improves retrieval performance by up to 12.2 points. Moreover, incorporating retrieved documents from the top-performing retriever boosts question-answering performance. We believe that BRIGHT paves the way for future research on retrieval systems in more realistic and challenging settings.

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Forward citations

Cited by 18 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

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    TongSearch-QR trains 1.5B and 7B models with GRPO and a frozen-embedding reward to rewrite queries, reaching 27.9 nDCG@10 on BRIGHT with BM25, above GPT-4o's 26.5.

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    RT improves embedding-model retrieval on some reasoning-heavy tasks by iteratively refining the query embedding at test time, but reported gains are mixed and the key implementation detail is unspecified.

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