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arxiv 2408.11812 v1 pith:NVP5SMCU submitted 2024-08-21 cs.RO cs.LG

Scaling Cross-Embodied Learning: One Policy for Manipulation, Navigation, Locomotion and Aviation

classification cs.RO cs.LG
keywords learningpolicyrobotsdifferentrobotsingleacrosscontrol
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
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Modern machine learning systems rely on large datasets to attain broad generalization, and this often poses a challenge in robot learning, where each robotic platform and task might have only a small dataset. By training a single policy across many different kinds of robots, a robot learning method can leverage much broader and more diverse datasets, which in turn can lead to better generalization and robustness. However, training a single policy on multi-robot data is challenging because robots can have widely varying sensors, actuators, and control frequencies. We propose CrossFormer, a scalable and flexible transformer-based policy that can consume data from any embodiment. We train CrossFormer on the largest and most diverse dataset to date, 900K trajectories across 20 different robot embodiments. We demonstrate that the same network weights can control vastly different robots, including single and dual arm manipulation systems, wheeled robots, quadcopters, and quadrupeds. Unlike prior work, our model does not require manual alignment of the observation or action spaces. Extensive experiments in the real world show that our method matches the performance of specialist policies tailored for each embodiment, while also significantly outperforming the prior state of the art in cross-embodiment learning.

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Forward citations

Cited by 13 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score.

  1. Open-H-Embodiment: A Large-Scale Dataset for Enabling Foundation Models in Medical Robotics

    cs.RO 2026-04 conditional novelty 8.0

    Open-H-Embodiment is the largest open multi-embodiment medical robotics dataset, used to train GR00T-H, the first open vision-language-action model that achieves end-to-end suturing completion where prior models fail.

  2. Cloak: Zero-Shot Cross-Embodiment Manipulation by Masking the End-Effector from the VLA

    cs.RO 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 7.0

    Masking the end-effector from wrist views during training lets a single-gripper VLA transfer zero-shot to other grippers, arms, and five-fingered hands while keeping original performance.

  3. Demo-JEPA: Joint-Embedding Predictive Architecture for One-shot Cross-Embodiment Imitation

    cs.RO 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 7.0

    Demo-JEPA enables one-shot cross-embodiment imitation by mapping visual demonstrations to shared latent future trajectories that serve as subgoals for the target agent's own forward dynamics planning.

  4. Open-H-Embodiment: A Large-Scale Dataset for Enabling Foundation Models in Medical Robotics

    cs.RO 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 7.0

    A consortium released the largest open medical robotics dataset spanning 50+ institutions and used it to train an open VLA model achieving 25% full suturing completion and a multi-embodiment surgical world model.

  5. DexVerse: A Modular Benchmark for Multi-Task, Multi-Embodiment Dexterous Manipulation

    cs.RO 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0

    A modular benchmark of 100 dexterous manipulation tasks across 3 arms and 6 hands with 3,180 demonstrations reveals that current policies (Diffusion Policy, DP3, OpenVLA, π0.5) achieve only 34% mean success, exposing ...

  6. Efficient Skill Grounding via Code Refactoring with Small Language Models

    cs.AI 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    RECENT decouples skill semantics from embodiment-specific bindings via code refactoring to let small language models achieve skill grounding performance matching large language model baselines.

  7. MonoDuo: Using One Robot Arm to Learn Bimanual Policies

    cs.RO 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    MonoDuo generates synthetic bimanual demonstrations from single-arm teleoperation plus human collaboration to train policies achieving up to 70% zero-shot success on five manipulation tasks, with 65-70% gains from 25-...

  8. A Mechanistic Analysis of Sim-and-Real Co-Training in Generative Robot Policies

    cs.RO 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    Sim-and-real co-training for robot policies is driven primarily by balanced cross-domain representation alignment and secondarily by domain-dependent action reweighting.

  9. mimic-video: Video-Action Models for Generalizable Robot Control Beyond VLAs

    cs.RO 2025-12 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    mimic-video combines internet video pretraining with a flow-matching decoder to achieve state-of-the-art robotic manipulation performance with 10x better sample efficiency than vision-language-action models.

  10. DreamPolicy: A Unified World-model Policy for Scalable Humanoid Locomotion

    cs.RO 2025-05 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    DreamPolicy integrates an autoregressive diffusion world model with policy learning to produce a single scalable policy that generalizes to unseen composite terrains for humanoid locomotion.

  11. KITE: Decoupling Kinematics and Interaction for Zero-Shot Cross-Embodiment Manipulation

    cs.RO 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    KITE decouples task reasoning from embodiment-specific control via learned latent interaction intents to enable zero-shot transfer across structurally different robots.

  12. Bridging the Morphology Gap: Adapting VLA Models to Dexterous Manipulation via Intent-Conditioned Fine-Tuning

    cs.RO 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    InDex adapts VLA models to high-DoF dexterous manipulation via intent-conditioned fine-tuning and a decoupled diffusion head, outperforming monolithic baselines in simulation tasks with minimal data.

  13. GR-3 Technical Report

    cs.RO 2025-07 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    GR-3 is a VLA model that generalizes to novel objects, environments, and abstract instructions, outperforms the π0 baseline, and integrates with the new ByteMini bi-manual mobile robot.