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McFacts III: Compact binary mergers from AGN disks over an entire synthetic universe
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abstract
The Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) channel for the formation of binary black hole (BBH) mergers has been previously studied as a potential formation channel for the merging compact binaries observed by the LIGO/Virgo/KAGRA (LVK) scientific collaboration. The first two papers in this series explored the McFACTS code for the evolution of black hole orbits in AGN accretion disks for individual galaxy models and described the characteristics of predicted BBH populations in realizations of those models (such as the correlation between mass ratio and aligned spin). In this work, we explore the impact of the properties of AGN host galaxies and assume an AGN lifetime and cosmological model for the density of AGN in a universe like our own. By sampling from an inferred population of AGN, we marginalize over galaxy mass to predict a population of BBH mergers observable by modern ground-based gravitational wave observatories. We find that for reasonable assumptions, AGN disk environments may account for massive BBH mergers such as GW190521 and GW190929_012149. We find that the majority of observable BBH mergers from our simulation are expected to originate in galaxies with a super-massive black hole between $10^{7}M_{\odot}$ and $10^{9.4}M_{\odot}$. We also find that if hierarchical mergers from AGN disks account for a substantial part of the LVK population, our current models require an AGN lifetime of 0.5 to 2.5 Myr.
Forward citations
Cited by 8 Pith papers
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Uncovering Hierarchical Sub-Population of Binary Black Holes
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Observational Properties of Thermal Emission from Relativistic Jets Embedded in AGN Disks
Relativistic jets embedded in AGN disks should produce soft X-ray thermal flares lasting 100 to 100,000 seconds, with UV/optical flares only from the most powerful jets.
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No evidence that the binary black hole mass distribution evolves with redshift
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Using gravitational waves and multi-messenger Astronomy to reverse-engineer the properties of galactic nuclei
The paper proposes that AGN-driven binary black hole merger rates, masses and spins can be used to infer the properties of AGN accretion disks and nuclear star clusters across cosmic time.
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On the effective spin-mass ratio relation of binary black hole mergers that evolved in isolation
Mass-ratio-reversed binaries formed via stable mass transfer naturally reproduce the observed anti-correlation between effective spin and mass ratio among merging black holes.
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The first decade of gravitational-wave measurements of black hole spins
A review summarizing formation-channel predictions, waveform effects, and population-level constraints on stellar-mass black hole spins from the first decade of gravitational-wave observations.
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Population Synthesis of Gravitational Wave Sources
A review of population synthesis: the codes, the environments, and the predicted rates and features of gravitational wave sources, with an emphasis on breaking degeneracies.
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