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Syzygy: Dual Code-Test C to (safe) Rust Translation using LLMs and Dynamic Analysis

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arxiv 2412.14234 v2 pith:NWKLDWQQ submitted 2024-12-18 cs.SE cs.AIcs.LGcs.PL

classification cs.SEcs.AIcs.LGcs.PL
keywords codetranslationrustapproachsafeanalysisautomatedcombining
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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Despite extensive usage in high-performance, low-level systems programming applications, C is susceptible to vulnerabilities due to manual memory management and unsafe pointer operations. Rust, a modern systems programming language, offers a compelling alternative. Its unique ownership model and type system ensure memory safety without sacrificing performance. In this paper, we present Syzygy, an automated approach to translate C to safe Rust. Our technique uses a synergistic combination of LLM-driven code and test translation guided by dynamic-analysis-generated execution information. This paired translation runs incrementally in a loop over the program in dependency order of the code elements while maintaining per-step correctness. Our approach exposes novel insights on combining the strengths of LLMs and dynamic analysis in the context of scaling and combining code generation with testing. We apply our approach to successfully translate Zopfli, a high-performance compression library with ~3000 lines of code and 98 functions. We validate the translation by testing equivalence with the source C program on a set of inputs. To our knowledge, this is the largest automated and test-validated C to safe Rust code translation achieved so far.

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Cited by 2 Pith papers

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  1. Towards Reliable C-to-Rust Translation with Rule-Guided Reasoning and Reinforcement Learning

    cs.SE 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    A rule-guided MCTS plus dual-reward reinforcement learning pipeline improves LLM-based C-to-Rust translation accuracy and cuts unsafe Rust output across three benchmarks.

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