Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Solving Empirical Bayes via Transformers

As of 9 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 36 of 36 outbound references and 6 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2502.09844.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2502.09844 v2

Coverage vector

measured 36 of 36 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-07T20:21:58.442418Z

measured 42 of 42 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00

measured 6 of 6 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-02T23:03:08.310761Z

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: arxiv_reference, observed 2026-07-03T07:27:43.815527Z

Reference resolution

36 of 36 outbound references displayed

verified exact0
verified fuzzy6
unresolved30
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External citation measurements

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Outbound references

Observation 390c1c66-ffad-410c-959e-6d1ef058ada0 · outbound

This paper cites Define: WQ = Idk, WV = diag(1, 1, · · ·, 1, 0), WK.

Solving Empirical Bayes via Transformers Define: WQ = Idk, WV = diag(1, 1, · · ·, 1, 0), WK

Reference 1

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T20:21:59.138335Z

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No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 4166fcfd-6768-4e22-beef-32107530ead3 · outbound

This paper cites What learning algorithm is in-context learning? Investigations with linear models.

Solving Empirical Bayes via Transformers What learning algorithm is in-context learning? Investigations with linear models

Reference 2

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T20:21:58.220781Z

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Observation befdea59-f558-4a88-8233-e96e407d72ae · outbound

This paper cites (except in a handful of cases).

Solving Empirical Bayes via Transformers (except in a handful of cases)

Reference 4

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T20:21:59.121058Z

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Observation 0074906e-eced-49c1-8d5d-e8beeaf45369 · outbound

This paper cites [ETST01] Bradley Efron, Robert Tibshirani, John D Storey, and Virginia Tusher.

Solving Empirical Bayes via Transformers [ETST01] Bradley Efron, Robert Tibshirani, John D Storey, and Virginia Tusher

Reference 8

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T20:21:59.199404Z

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Observation 50be6a40-5a2f-4fcd-8a04-71eb560b2a2a · outbound

This paper cites Mamba: Linear-Time Sequence Modeling with Selective State Spaces.

Solving Empirical Bayes via Transformers Mamba: Linear-Time Sequence Modeling with Selective State Spaces

Reference 10

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T20:21:58.267258Z

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Observation fb91d0a5-84e5-4cb0-8bb1-fd32914ba98d · outbound

This paper cites How Do Transformers Learn In-Context Beyond Simple Functions? A Case Study on Learning with Representations.

Solving Empirical Bayes via Transformers How Do Transformers Learn In-Context Beyond Simple Functions? A Case Study on Learning with Representations

Reference 12

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T20:21:58.281707Z

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Observation 9eb94465-87bd-4a0e-a27d-e3f2cf6115ef · outbound

This paper cites Optimal empirical Bayes estimation for the Poisson model via minimum-distance methods.

Solving Empirical Bayes via Transformers Optimal empirical Bayes estimation for the Poisson model via minimum-distance methods

Reference 14

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T20:21:58.294138Z

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Observation 82fb3a5d-c46f-4aeb-9f5e-d26ebf44dd97 · outbound

This paper cites Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimization.

Solving Empirical Bayes via Transformers Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimization

Reference 16

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Observation 5f3e3365-2e18-4285-a641-fb92df4b9298 · outbound

This paper cites A Mean Field Approach to Empirical Bayes Estimation in High-dimensional Linear Regression.

Solving Empirical Bayes via Transformers A Mean Field Approach to Empirical Bayes Estimation in High-dimensional Linear Regression

Reference 18

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Observation 454faff0-25c8-4b9f-9596-51d20a5026ff · outbound

This paper cites Transformers are Expressive, But Are They Expressive Enough for Regression?.

Solving Empirical Bayes via Transformers Transformers are Expressive, But Are They Expressive Enough for Regression?

Reference 19

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T20:21:58.324930Z

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Observation 0c1d42ec-8863-4626-97ab-3e2f9396a1dc · outbound

This paper cites In-Context Learning through the Bayesian Prism.

Solving Empirical Bayes via Transformers In-Context Learning through the Bayesian Prism

Reference 20

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Observation fc3950f9-32ee-4d51-8417-f9fb5afb5703 · outbound

This paper cites Nonparametric MLE for Gaussian Location Mixtures: Certified Computation and Generic Behavior.

Solving Empirical Bayes via Transformers Nonparametric MLE for Gaussian Location Mixtures: Certified Computation and Generic Behavior

Reference 21

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T20:21:58.345809Z

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Observation 9b28d18b-cbe5-4c24-83fa-ad75c05eec5e · outbound

This paper cites Sharp regret bounds for empirical Bayes and compound decision problems.

Solving Empirical Bayes via Transformers Sharp regret bounds for empirical Bayes and compound decision problems

Reference 22

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Observation 5846335b-2451-40dd-8ff8-f6d0745a7c5c · outbound

This paper cites 14 [Rob51] Herbert Robbins.

Solving Empirical Bayes via Transformers 14 [Rob51] Herbert Robbins

Reference 23

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T20:21:59.157457Z

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Observation 295eda4b-cbf4-4ef2-8810-4abfc8d4b5dc · outbound

This paper cites Length Generalization of Causal Transformers without Position Encoding.

Solving Empirical Bayes via Transformers Length Generalization of Causal Transformers without Position Encoding

Reference 26

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Observation 694d68fd-1dde-4457-bbf6-85bb3e8d5dff · outbound

This paper cites An Explanation of In-context Learning as Implicit Bayesian Inference.

Solving Empirical Bayes via Transformers An Explanation of In-context Learning as Implicit Bayesian Inference

Reference 27

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Observation 4281f430-840b-4cda-a096-cb487d460137 · outbound

This paper cites Gated Delta Networks: Improving Mamba2 with Delta Rule.

Solving Empirical Bayes via Transformers Gated Delta Networks: Improving Mamba2 with Delta Rule

Reference 29

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Observation e2aa61fe-452d-4a33-b82f-03f67bae482b · outbound

This paper cites Gated Linear Attention Transformers with Hardware-Efficient Training.

Solving Empirical Bayes via Transformers Gated Linear Attention Transformers with Hardware-Efficient Training

Reference 30

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T20:21:58.409284Z

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Observation 0ec81779-3758-4fce-8c0d-3256b2e0dd59 · outbound

This paper cites Parallelizing Linear Transformers with the Delta Rule over Sequence Length.

Solving Empirical Bayes via Transformers Parallelizing Linear Transformers with the Delta Rule over Sequence Length

Reference 31

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T20:21:58.415098Z

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Observation 8032c346-8008-47bd-adf7-2eb85dbd9d64 · outbound

This paper cites Transformers Can Achieve Length Generalization But Not Robustly.

Solving Empirical Bayes via Transformers Transformers Can Achieve Length Generalization But Not Robustly

Reference 32

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T20:21:58.420988Z

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Observation 5bb06c04-b450-4bef-9b05-d4e01e6abfb9 · outbound

This paper cites Trained Transformers Learn Linear Models In-Context.

Solving Empirical Bayes via Transformers Trained Transformers Learn Linear Models In-Context

Reference 33

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Observation ab2ac160-d807-4033-99fa-975368aa23f1 · outbound

This paper cites Aligning Books and Movies: Towards Story-like Visual Explanations by Watching Movies and Reading Books.

Solving Empirical Bayes via Transformers Aligning Books and Movies: Towards Story-like Visual Explanations by Watching Movies and Reading Books

Reference 34

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T20:21:58.431323Z

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Observation 07af8bfa-bd63-407b-97f4-3d0d89e0a35f · outbound

This paper cites Transformers are Universal In-context Learners.

Solving Empirical Bayes via Transformers Transformers are Universal In-context Learners

Reference 1943

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T20:21:58.261166Z

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Observation 3b01bbb9-c6c7-4589-9a2b-3c8aae5ed23a · outbound

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Solving Empirical Bayes via Transformers BERT Rediscovers the Classical NLP Pipeline

Reference 1956

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T20:21:58.369316Z

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Observation e8ab2281-40ce-48f1-85c6-98f45673635e · outbound

This paper cites Bayes' Power for Explaining In-Context Learning Generalizations.

Solving Empirical Bayes via Transformers Bayes' Power for Explaining In-Context Learning Generalizations

Reference 1996

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T20:21:58.311922Z

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Observation 893f0902-2fe7-422c-9ba7-ae87be6b0dfe · outbound

This paper cites [HS83] JC van Houwelingen and Th Stijnen.

Solving Empirical Bayes via Transformers [HS83] JC van Houwelingen and Th Stijnen

Reference 2000

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T20:21:59.177224Z

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Observation 3f167356-c1d3-4fab-baec-daa1c8cfc5bc · outbound

This paper cites Empirical Bayes for the Reluctant Frequentist.

Solving Empirical Bayes via Transformers Empirical Bayes for the Reluctant Frequentist

Reference 2009

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Observation 5e6a3a18-b605-455e-b4d9-776d71daa160 · outbound

This paper cites Language models are few-shot learners.

Solving Empirical Bayes via Transformers Language models are few-shot learners

Reference 2013

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T20:21:59.220726Z

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Observation e835392a-c22d-4090-acb5-1881d69c7645 · outbound

This paper cites Understanding intermediate layers using linear classifier probes.

Solving Empirical Bayes via Transformers Understanding intermediate layers using linear classifier probes

Reference 2018

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Observation e2fdbd2e-5a2b-49cb-96a9-87b326e24c70 · outbound

This paper cites Transformers as Support Vector Machines.

Solving Empirical Bayes via Transformers Transformers as Support Vector Machines

Reference 2019

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Observation 079b9069-7246-420c-a4c9-82c6a280c0e1 · outbound

This paper cites Understanding In-Context Learning in Transformers and LLMs by Learning to Learn Discrete Functions.

Solving Empirical Bayes via Transformers Understanding In-Context Learning in Transformers and LLMs by Learning to Learn Discrete Functions

Reference 2020

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Observation db5b7be2-258f-440b-a1a8-592ca5d26ecb · outbound

This paper cites Are Transformers universal approximators of sequence-to-sequence functions?.

Solving Empirical Bayes via Transformers Are Transformers universal approximators of sequence-to-sequence functions?

Reference 2021

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T20:21:58.396306Z

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Observation 3da142e9-65e9-47e2-99e6-72d879ce859f · outbound

This paper cites Why Can GPT Learn In-Context? Language Models Implicitly Perform Gradient Descent as Meta-Optimizers.

Solving Empirical Bayes via Transformers Why Can GPT Learn In-Context? Language Models Implicitly Perform Gradient Descent as Meta-Optimizers

Reference 2022

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Observation 3675dd98-d99c-4a78-adfc-360da6049976 · outbound

This paper cites All-in-one simulation-based inference.

Solving Empirical Bayes via Transformers All-in-one simulation-based inference

Reference 2023

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Observation 2b94b67d-0fab-466d-9406-93fa896bec4b · outbound

This paper cites A Survey on In-context Learning.

Solving Empirical Bayes via Transformers A Survey on In-context Learning

Reference 2024

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Observation 18072bc5-cb3d-4cba-817e-3a3624ae6621 · outbound

This paper cites Transformers are SSMs: Generalized Models and Efficient Algorithms Through Structured State Space Duality.

Solving Empirical Bayes via Transformers Transformers are SSMs: Generalized Models and Efficient Algorithms Through Structured State Space Duality

Reference 2025

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Pith citing papers

Observation 183c3e76-4545-4b7e-8023-05f90ca6f11c · inbound

Universal priors: solving empirical Bayes via Bayesian inference and pretraining cites this paper.

Universal priors: solving empirical Bayes via Bayesian inference and pretraining Solving Empirical Bayes via Transformers

Reference 17

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Observation 93516f0f-4de2-472e-bb5e-f3f3d62f7932 · inbound

Poisson Empirical Bayes via Gamma-Smoothed Nonparametric Maximum Likelihood cites this paper.

Poisson Empirical Bayes via Gamma-Smoothed Nonparametric Maximum Likelihood Solving Empirical Bayes via Transformers

Reference 53

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-12T09:06:25.178723Z

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Observation bde0bed5-add5-40e6-876f-0421751ad80b · inbound

Attention as In-Context Empirical Bayes: A Two-Stage View via Particle Dynamics cites this paper.

Attention as In-Context Empirical Bayes: A Two-Stage View via Particle Dynamics Solving Empirical Bayes via Transformers

Reference 49

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-06-29T09:13:16.380714Z

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Observation 1ab6fff4-4a80-4872-af6f-8106e69fe176 · inbound

InfoAtlas: A Foundation Model for Zero-Shot Statistical Dependence Estimate cites this paper.

InfoAtlas: A Foundation Model for Zero-Shot Statistical Dependence Estimate Solving Empirical Bayes via Transformers

Reference 239

Resolution: metadata mismatch; arxiv_id, observed 2026-06-28T23:02:46.903035Z

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Observation 0554e291-68bd-4d69-b5ff-1429e33ce8f6 · inbound

Merging of Bayes and quasi-Bayes empirical Bayes procedures for Poisson compound decisions cites this paper.

Merging of Bayes and quasi-Bayes empirical Bayes procedures for Poisson compound decisions Solving Empirical Bayes via Transformers

Reference 28

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-07-03T07:27:43.817031Z

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Observation b3775f02-d5e1-4161-8bed-8fe413862e90 · inbound

Merging of Bayes and quasi-Bayes empirical Bayes procedures for Poisson compound decisions cites this paper.

Merging of Bayes and quasi-Bayes empirical Bayes procedures for Poisson compound decisions Solving Empirical Bayes via Transformers

Reference 28

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-07-12T08:11:22.973978Z

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