Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-15T22:33:24.554504Z
Paper Citation Record · LEDGER
As of 23 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 40 of 40 outbound references and 5 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2505.07889.
A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.
Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-15T22:33:24.554504Z
One-hop event checks from named stored sources.
Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00
Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-07-01T07:22:25.349398Z
A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.
Source: arxiv_reference, observed 2026-07-02T20:47:23.051268Z
40 of 40 outbound references displayed
External citation measurements
No source-named external measurement is stored.
Observation 4ef48869-c7f9-4272-a554-53979c5e0b89 · outbound
BioProBench: A Corpus and Benchmark for Biological Protocol Reasoning in Autonomous Science GPT-4 Technical Report
Reference 1
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation cc59d3f1-5c72-42ab-af7b-a5ebdd53defe · outbound
BioProBench: A Corpus and Benchmark for Biological Protocol Reasoning in Autonomous Science PaLM 2 Technical Report
Reference 2
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation bfc01981-4d2b-4918-b3ba-f16dfcee5a7b · outbound
BioProBench: A Corpus and Benchmark for Biological Protocol Reasoning in Autonomous Science Claude 3.7 sonnet system card, Feb 2025
Reference 3
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.
Observation 482e647f-e966-4a15-939d-5d24d7e421f4 · outbound
BioProBench: A Corpus and Benchmark for Biological Protocol Reasoning in Autonomous Science Cardbiomedbench: A benchmark for evaluating large language model performance in biomedical research.bioRxiv, pages 2025–01, 2025
Reference 4
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.
Observation c72c7b79-7a63-4aaa-8664-167a84d8c4a8 · outbound
BioProBench: A Corpus and Benchmark for Biological Protocol Reasoning in Autonomous Science Autonomous chemical research with large language models.Nature, 624(7992):570–578, 2023
Reference 5
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 56e6fa41-a771-483f-aaf6-b4d00359f140 · outbound
BioProBench: A Corpus and Benchmark for Biological Protocol Reasoning in Autonomous Science Language models are few-shot learners
Reference 6
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.
Observation e2775839-3772-49b5-9fdf-e59b6b01065f · outbound
BioProBench: A Corpus and Benchmark for Biological Protocol Reasoning in Autonomous Science Probio: A protocol-guided multimodal dataset for molecular biology lab.Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, 36:41543–41571, 2023
Reference 7
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.
Observation a16224dd-1988-49ef-b422-450ba6ef2f69 · outbound
BioProBench: A Corpus and Benchmark for Biological Protocol Reasoning in Autonomous Science Introducing gemini 2.0: Our new ai model for the agentic era, Dec 2024
Reference 8
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.
Observation 27bfc0ea-2f04-4e5b-a1d7-de2e19d0ff58 · outbound
BioProBench: A Corpus and Benchmark for Biological Protocol Reasoning in Autonomous Science Introducing gemini 2.5 pro experimental (model id gemini-2.5-pro-exp-03-25)
Reference 9
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.
Observation dd86a53a-1e3d-401b-a59d-c5c222ab10b4 · outbound
BioProBench: A Corpus and Benchmark for Biological Protocol Reasoning in Autonomous Science Keybert: Minimal keyword extraction with bert., 2020
Reference 10
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.
Observation 26573b03-3ecc-4e7d-a820-5a83d1ce8a46 · outbound
BioProBench: A Corpus and Benchmark for Biological Protocol Reasoning in Autonomous Science DeepSeek-R1: Incentivizing Reasoning Capability in LLMs via Reinforcement Learning
Reference 11
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 9ccf2c3c-635c-4251-8ca1-5807ef8d2619 · outbound
BioProBench: A Corpus and Benchmark for Biological Protocol Reasoning in Autonomous Science Biolp-bench: Measuring understanding of biological lab protocols by large language models
Reference 12
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.
Observation 4386f693-a154-4904-a871-ebaf76bcd542 · outbound
BioProBench: A Corpus and Benchmark for Biological Protocol Reasoning in Autonomous Science A comprehensive evaluation of large language models on benchmark biomedical text processing tasks.Computers in biology and medicine, 171:108189, 2024
Reference 13
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.
Observation 2632edba-e4b9-4627-b43c-2634e3f632f9 · outbound
BioProBench: A Corpus and Benchmark for Biological Protocol Reasoning in Autonomous Science Pubmedqa: A dataset for biomedical research question answering.EMNLP 2019, 2019
Reference 14
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.
Observation 9ef99e5b-04b3-49da-b4f2-aa4e84c5aaa5 · outbound
BioProBench: A Corpus and Benchmark for Biological Protocol Reasoning in Autonomous Science Large language models are zero-shot reasoners.Advances in neural information processing systems, 35:22199–22213, 2022
Reference 15
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation fe76b110-c84f-4464-8320-63463f1e24c7 · outbound
BioProBench: A Corpus and Benchmark for Biological Protocol Reasoning in Autonomous Science LAB-Bench: Measuring Capabilities of Language Models for Biology Research
Reference 16
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 2b18c5d4-a79f-4cc8-9f86-874115103139 · outbound
BioProBench: A Corpus and Benchmark for Biological Protocol Reasoning in Autonomous Science Biobert: a pre-trained biomedical language representation model for biomedical text mining
Reference 17
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation b612ac02-2311-4d73-94f1-62a8e16b5137 · outbound
BioProBench: A Corpus and Benchmark for Biological Protocol Reasoning in Autonomous Science Can large language models reason about medical questions?Patterns, 5(3), 2024
Reference 18
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.
Observation 0ab93968-88a9-479b-9c01-077aeb514815 · outbound
BioProBench: A Corpus and Benchmark for Biological Protocol Reasoning in Autonomous Science DeepSeek-V2: A Strong, Economical, and Efficient Mixture-of-Experts Language Model
Reference 19
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 3fed51ad-583f-48e6-b1fd-43ba99d26226 · outbound
BioProBench: A Corpus and Benchmark for Biological Protocol Reasoning in Autonomous Science Biogpt: generative pre-trained transformer for biomedical text generation and mining.Briefings in Bioinformatics, 23(6):bbac409, 2022
Reference 20
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.
Observation ab4bce7d-b830-4ab8-9844-f5395712c16c · outbound
BioProBench: A Corpus and Benchmark for Biological Protocol Reasoning in Autonomous Science BioMedGPT: Open Multimodal Generative Pre-trained Transformer for BioMedicine
Reference 21
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 37d42c6d-bd1a-4df5-85f0-793c9d74234a · outbound
BioProBench: A Corpus and Benchmark for Biological Protocol Reasoning in Autonomous Science Bixbench: a comprehensive benchmark for llm-based agents in computational biology.arXiv preprint arXiv:2503.00096, 2025
Reference 22
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation f95fd62a-c51a-4737-bc82-783b07465ad8 · outbound
BioProBench: A Corpus and Benchmark for Biological Protocol Reasoning in Autonomous Science Laboratory automation and high-throughput biology, 2024
Reference 23
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.
Observation 646a9bc7-982a-4d76-89fb-95d5d86769d1 · outbound
BioProBench: A Corpus and Benchmark for Biological Protocol Reasoning in Autonomous Science Can Generalist Foundation Models Outcompete Special-Purpose Tuning? Case Study in Medicine
Reference 24
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation d53d2074-19c5-4fa2-bd36-f874e87b6e5e · outbound
BioProBench: A Corpus and Benchmark for Biological Protocol Reasoning in Autonomous Science Openai announces gpt-4 turbo, 2023
Reference 25
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.
Observation 327a174e-6835-4788-b762-5dda3502423c · outbound
BioProBench: A Corpus and Benchmark for Biological Protocol Reasoning in Autonomous Science Introducing openai o3 and o4-mini
Reference 26
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.
Observation 8c18fcf0-9521-4352-ab23-d3b361c5d92c · outbound
BioProBench: A Corpus and Benchmark for Biological Protocol Reasoning in Autonomous Science Bioplanner: automatic evaluation of llms on protocol planning in biology
Reference 27
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.
Observation 23ad8e47-517a-4e07-a782-3b76fe763067 · outbound
BioProBench: A Corpus and Benchmark for Biological Protocol Reasoning in Autonomous Science Qwen2.5 -72b-instruct, 2024
Reference 28
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.
Observation 8141858d-35af-4c05-ac07-c1c8296b72cd · outbound
BioProBench: A Corpus and Benchmark for Biological Protocol Reasoning in Autonomous Science Qwq-32b, 2025
Reference 29
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.
Observation 28bbac65-ea09-4246-9588-ff164292dad3 · outbound
BioProBench: A Corpus and Benchmark for Biological Protocol Reasoning in Autonomous Science Towards scientific intelligence: A survey of llm-based scientific agents.arXiv preprint arXiv:2503.24047, 2025
Reference 30
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 82146d74-9232-46be-a82a-7a24a3cb7648 · outbound
BioProBench: A Corpus and Benchmark for Biological Protocol Reasoning in Autonomous Science Toward expert-level medical question answering with large language models.Nature Medicine, pages 1–8, 2025
Reference 31
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation d418fada-59b7-4993-82a9-8326cddcb5ec · outbound
BioProBench: A Corpus and Benchmark for Biological Protocol Reasoning in Autonomous Science Gemini: A Family of Highly Capable Multimodal Models
Reference 32
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation d7ce34c2-ff60-41f3-9daf-27129c411f16 · outbound
BioProBench: A Corpus and Benchmark for Biological Protocol Reasoning in Autonomous Science Large language models in medicine.Nature medicine, 29(8):1930–1940, 2023
Reference 33
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 85bb4287-4c4e-4b41-9dc3-49f380de8a00 · outbound
BioProBench: A Corpus and Benchmark for Biological Protocol Reasoning in Autonomous Science Llama 2: Open Foundation and Fine-Tuned Chat Models
Reference 34
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 5caf1e77-09dc-4e02-9204-7aa3370c991f · outbound
BioProBench: A Corpus and Benchmark for Biological Protocol Reasoning in Autonomous Science An overview of the bioasq large-scale biomedical semantic indexing and question answering competition
Reference 35
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.
Observation 4d5c6e2f-1ebb-4486-b229-fc13c499554c · outbound
BioProBench: A Corpus and Benchmark for Biological Protocol Reasoning in Autonomous Science Chain-of-thought prompting elicits reasoning in large language models.Advances in neural information processing systems, 35:24824–24837, 2022
Reference 36
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 047d94bc-00c6-4307-841a-53dd228c3ccf · outbound
BioProBench: A Corpus and Benchmark for Biological Protocol Reasoning in Autonomous Science Advancing Multimodal Medical Capabilities of Gemini
Reference 37
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 37528c27-9505-4911-8ad2-b5deb8bf9387 · outbound
BioProBench: A Corpus and Benchmark for Biological Protocol Reasoning in Autonomous Science BioBART: Pretraining and Evaluation of A Biomedical Generative Language Model
Reference 38
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 0f158872-d2a1-48d3-9766-ddbafec2954f · outbound
BioProBench: A Corpus and Benchmark for Biological Protocol Reasoning in Autonomous Science Benchmarking large language models on safety risks in scientific laboratories.Nature Machine Intelligence, 2026
Reference 39
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.
Observation 00c3fdb2-6f00-44be-bef9-dc76724c0ff6 · outbound
BioProBench: A Corpus and Benchmark for Biological Protocol Reasoning in Autonomous Science MedXpertQA: Benchmarking Expert-Level Medical Reasoning and Understanding
Reference 40
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 8a6c22ae-54da-485f-aa4d-b980f06fa848 · inbound
BioXArena: Benchmarking LLM Agents on Multi-Modal Biomedical Machine Learning Tasks BioProBench: A Corpus and Benchmark for Biological Protocol Reasoning in Autonomous Science
Reference 10
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.
Observation 09b484fe-03b4-46c2-b55f-666496e43373 · inbound
Reasoning4Sciences: Bridging Reasoning Language Models to All Scientific Branches BioProBench: A Corpus and Benchmark for Biological Protocol Reasoning in Autonomous Science
Reference 169
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.
Observation f291752a-eb15-4872-a448-dad8c0f8df51 · inbound
Reasoning4Sciences: Bridging Reasoning Language Models to All Scientific Branches BioProBench: A Corpus and Benchmark for Biological Protocol Reasoning in Autonomous Science
Reference 182
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.
Observation 241fbc7c-ba67-4fdf-9979-5cf8b7839721 · inbound
SCI-PRM: A Tool Aware Process Reward Model for Scientific Reasoning Verification BioProBench: A Corpus and Benchmark for Biological Protocol Reasoning in Autonomous Science
Reference 54
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.
Observation cd8caa39-9c92-487b-b70b-1771377efa11 · inbound
DyCo-RL: Dynamic Cross-Modal Coordination for Visual Reasoning BioProBench: A Corpus and Benchmark for Biological Protocol Reasoning in Autonomous Science
Reference 32
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.