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Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Reasoning with OmniThought: A Large CoT Dataset with Verbosity and Cognitive Difficulty Annotations

As of 18 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 59 of 59 outbound references and 6 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2505.10937.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2505.10937 v1

Coverage vector

measured 59 of 59 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-15T21:07:08.336951Z

measured 65 of 65 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00

measured 6 of 6 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-07T13:49:10.708258Z

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: arxiv_reference, observed 2026-07-04T13:39:51.098907Z

Reference resolution

59 of 59 outbound references displayed

  • verified exact1
  • verified fuzzy26
  • unresolved32
  • parse uncertain0
  • malformed identifier0
  • metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation b04a5e1f-9740-4da5-8ef0-664b1f2090ee · outbound

This paper cites Llama-nemotron: Efficient reasoning models, 2025.

Reasoning with OmniThought: A Large CoT Dataset with Verbosity and Cognitive Difficulty Annotations Llama-nemotron: Efficient reasoning models, 2025

Reference 1

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T21:07:09.724315Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:07:07.979125Z digest=sha256:7384d25b3c1959628153d660f9053cf69c0f629bc6e39cdf76b54f27a4aa477d

Observation dd0488c4-1bac-47e1-8f2d-a9e3750fdde8 · outbound

This paper cites Training small reasoning llms with cognitive preference alignment.CoRR, abs/2504.09802, 2025.

Reasoning with OmniThought: A Large CoT Dataset with Verbosity and Cognitive Difficulty Annotations Training small reasoning llms with cognitive preference alignment.CoRR, abs/2504.09802, 2025

Reference 2

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T21:07:07.986919Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:07:07.986919Z digest=sha256:426a1302ac5da97423d18115152ff9f7c916aa917e5a394333ecd020712cfe1a

Observation 3cdd2ccd-13e7-482e-ade8-632ca04059d7 · outbound

This paper cites Unveiling the Key Factors for Distilling Chain-of-Thought Reasoning.

Reasoning with OmniThought: A Large CoT Dataset with Verbosity and Cognitive Difficulty Annotations Unveiling the Key Factors for Distilling Chain-of-Thought Reasoning

Reference 3

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T21:07:07.992727Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:07:07.992727Z digest=sha256:10c76ef02d46804b707e8697f8db2074d3d1e762fcce5dd18ed8474fc746bf66

Observation e69adb20-d3f4-426a-8fef-9441f5f04c05 · outbound

This paper cites Training Verifiers to Solve Math Word Problems.

Reasoning with OmniThought: A Large CoT Dataset with Verbosity and Cognitive Difficulty Annotations Training Verifiers to Solve Math Word Problems

Reference 4

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T21:07:07.999112Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:07:07.999112Z digest=sha256:69721673ff475ac93ee1f43badb105c7de796323fe741ebb42921f1bf3ef68bf

Observation 12b2348f-5ef0-45d4-aa35-a85edcae2c9b · outbound

This paper cites A chain-of-thought prompting approach with llms for evaluating students’ formative assessment responses in science.

Reasoning with OmniThought: A Large CoT Dataset with Verbosity and Cognitive Difficulty Annotations A chain-of-thought prompting approach with llms for evaluating students’ formative assessment responses in science

Reference 5

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T21:07:09.709680Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:07:08.005154Z digest=sha256:fba96e50238ff74976cf12b5f785e49bb9fd4793f627cacc2fe708d61823b0d9

Observation c04b520a-1294-4155-a3f4-32dda0339c07 · outbound

This paper cites DeepSeek-R1: Incentivizing Reasoning Capability in LLMs via Reinforcement Learning.

Reasoning with OmniThought: A Large CoT Dataset with Verbosity and Cognitive Difficulty Annotations DeepSeek-R1: Incentivizing Reasoning Capability in LLMs via Reinforcement Learning

Reference 6

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T21:07:08.013834Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:07:08.013834Z digest=sha256:02f15df22a48b55dcdd4c2f7319c9e66924ab852d52bf6ed1ee09a20f6604844

Observation 83eae077-8ff8-4b53-9399-c3a95455e4c6 · outbound

This paper cites Omni-MATH: A Universal Olympiad Level Mathematic Benchmark For Large Language Models.

Reasoning with OmniThought: A Large CoT Dataset with Verbosity and Cognitive Difficulty Annotations Omni-MATH: A Universal Olympiad Level Mathematic Benchmark For Large Language Models

Reference 7

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T21:07:08.021660Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:07:08.021660Z digest=sha256:0508bc298f730ffa0d8f8534fabd68bc385924d74c613505c787ebae5f0bf831

Observation 73dce35b-d5ee-434a-9fb0-41fe999388d6 · outbound

This paper cites A Survey on LLM-as-a-Judge.

Reasoning with OmniThought: A Large CoT Dataset with Verbosity and Cognitive Difficulty Annotations A Survey on LLM-as-a-Judge

Reference 8

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T21:07:08.027618Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:07:08.027618Z digest=sha256:10b997c77e4a5debf8f546f47b95ef476c24fb5084163e418b4faf94f7c81191

Observation 52fe371a-2b00-4d6b-ad73-01edaa08f92b · outbound

This paper cites Empowering large language models for automated clinical assessment with generation-augmented retrieval and hierarchical chain-of-thought.Artif.

Reasoning with OmniThought: A Large CoT Dataset with Verbosity and Cognitive Difficulty Annotations Empowering large language models for automated clinical assessment with generation-augmented retrieval and hierarchical chain-of-thought.Artif

Reference 9

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T21:07:09.694351Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:07:08.038362Z digest=sha256:4b69875fbf6bc84a071dfc5a3b4385578d55adc877352be8b68de6426a2be112

Observation 4c17c609-80cd-48da-bf7b-3a67231af4f4 · outbound

This paper cites Reasoning with language model is planning with world model.

Reasoning with OmniThought: A Large CoT Dataset with Verbosity and Cognitive Difficulty Annotations Reasoning with language model is planning with world model

Reference 10

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T21:07:09.677681Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:07:08.044230Z digest=sha256:df4923c9b79a7b75ae2eca741aeb318dd6463322439f80bd7d94de455e8b0d72

Observation dad5cbd7-4e49-4249-86d8-03b3d8ae8ae5 · outbound

This paper cites Deepmath-103k: A large-scale, challenging, decontaminated, and verifiable mathematical dataset for advancing reasoning.CoRR, abs/2504.1145, 2025.

Reasoning with OmniThought: A Large CoT Dataset with Verbosity and Cognitive Difficulty Annotations Deepmath-103k: A large-scale, challenging, decontaminated, and verifiable mathematical dataset for advancing reasoning.CoRR, abs/2504.1145, 2025

Reference 11

Resolution
verified exact
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T21:07:08.815688Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:07:08.050846Z digest=sha256:e884385be91d6620e791ca78509dd09e30a9ddc5a48d3b08ce5d6527b5d3ae8e

Observation de505d0b-a375-47cf-9620-e67e1f3bcaa4 · outbound

This paper cites Measuring mathematical problem solving with the MATH dataset.

Reasoning with OmniThought: A Large CoT Dataset with Verbosity and Cognitive Difficulty Annotations Measuring mathematical problem solving with the MATH dataset

Reference 12

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T21:07:09.661754Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:07:08.056940Z digest=sha256:36a2c6da892f1ad4a3ab8cbd97c7dc7617506ee52dd00ba268ed2779a2ac96c4

Observation 1f72e573-2687-4ac6-88f2-9b5667496a04 · outbound

This paper cites Olympicarena: Benchmarking multi-discipline cognitive reasoning for superintelligent AI.

Reasoning with OmniThought: A Large CoT Dataset with Verbosity and Cognitive Difficulty Annotations Olympicarena: Benchmarking multi-discipline cognitive reasoning for superintelligent AI

Reference 13

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T21:07:09.646024Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:07:08.063192Z digest=sha256:7183ecea6e527febaa7db060d929e6dffd91d8c8c2fd99223875c6f602576076

Observation 451eb35b-9897-4993-9fbf-1689ae68ec73 · outbound

This paper cites A chain-of-thought is as strong as its weakest link: A benchmark for verifiers of reasoning chains.

Reasoning with OmniThought: A Large CoT Dataset with Verbosity and Cognitive Difficulty Annotations A chain-of-thought is as strong as its weakest link: A benchmark for verifiers of reasoning chains

Reference 14

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T21:07:09.630268Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:07:08.068875Z digest=sha256:d7e48398c50da2ce7a51762304a22727f6ee8cb0a6b5dec08c5444b432f2fc70

Observation 219ac5a9-a54a-409b-a35a-a2b7178ef35f · outbound

This paper cites Livecodebench: Holistic and contamination free evaluation of large language models for code.

Reasoning with OmniThought: A Large CoT Dataset with Verbosity and Cognitive Difficulty Annotations Livecodebench: Holistic and contamination free evaluation of large language models for code

Reference 15

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T21:07:09.614131Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:07:08.074430Z digest=sha256:52edd798db3cfbb45eda0cce45cbfcaeb0dbdd67842f6f2b218c7d1d30351e77

Observation e3dc08e0-b3c8-4c0a-8ac5-5e1252dd3826 · outbound

This paper cites VinePPO: Refining Credit Assignment in RL Training of LLMs.

Reasoning with OmniThought: A Large CoT Dataset with Verbosity and Cognitive Difficulty Annotations VinePPO: Refining Credit Assignment in RL Training of LLMs

Reference 16

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T21:07:08.079012Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:07:08.079012Z digest=sha256:25d72caa977684d56aae1eb0ec1c290f9b8716cbcb4196c3939118fffe2ca297

Observation a29f5c6f-66c2-478c-84ee-136c168d3164 · outbound

This paper cites Plan, verify and switch: Integrated reasoning with diverse x-of-thoughts.

Reasoning with OmniThought: A Large CoT Dataset with Verbosity and Cognitive Difficulty Annotations Plan, verify and switch: Integrated reasoning with diverse x-of-thoughts

Reference 17

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T21:07:09.596859Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:07:08.085401Z digest=sha256:0d6c2bf7b8c5b796ef95e3d012017657465bf4defc16d801ae0e4963ee1f54bf

Observation 9d03dffe-8935-4774-866c-2766940e569a · outbound

This paper cites O1-Pruner: Length-Harmonizing Fine-Tuning for O1-Like Reasoning Pruning.

Reasoning with OmniThought: A Large CoT Dataset with Verbosity and Cognitive Difficulty Annotations O1-Pruner: Length-Harmonizing Fine-Tuning for O1-Like Reasoning Pruning

Reference 18

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T21:07:08.096087Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:07:08.096087Z digest=sha256:a4a9b7a065118d6aa7b01d9a548825242611f31d544447b914b2669543573f70

Observation d19f8d37-c70b-4fe4-927a-2eb28da58402 · outbound

This paper cites s1: Simple test-time scaling.

Reasoning with OmniThought: A Large CoT Dataset with Verbosity and Cognitive Difficulty Annotations s1: Simple test-time scaling

Reference 19

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T21:07:08.101510Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:07:08.101510Z digest=sha256:19487ceff878ef9b4f08cdccdc6dc95327bab8fe9335acd152ada740e99db7b8

Observation 19be1bc4-2c39-4520-a7f4-154e15ff3281 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Reasoning with OmniThought: A Large CoT Dataset with Verbosity and Cognitive Difficulty Annotations Unresolved cited work

Reference 20

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T21:07:09.567992Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:07:08.108626Z digest=sha256:d08b51de70ed51102cb2b1d876d9201479583f2c9d5379921dc69c4161a17ab4

Observation 76921a7f-5187-45f6-8e50-e7a4da420e5c · outbound

This paper cites Manning, Stefano Ermon, and Chelsea Finn.

Reasoning with OmniThought: A Large CoT Dataset with Verbosity and Cognitive Difficulty Annotations Manning, Stefano Ermon, and Chelsea Finn

Reference 21

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T21:07:09.551660Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:07:08.114996Z digest=sha256:1e5f983f06c3f99ee01c510db996182d1a920c6a55b1274f4856a2f640b55459

Observation 54bae992-ae03-484b-8f48-a61e3b39d578 · outbound

This paper cites GPQA: A Graduate-Level Google-Proof Q&A Benchmark.

Reasoning with OmniThought: A Large CoT Dataset with Verbosity and Cognitive Difficulty Annotations GPQA: A Graduate-Level Google-Proof Q&A Benchmark

Reference 22

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T21:07:08.120933Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:07:08.120933Z digest=sha256:18c491ac7280ee26a412654a201465e05e22cd3947def12cf8fdb2563ae850de

Observation 3808cdce-ae01-48b0-a920-a0ca6a77f357 · outbound

This paper cites Proximal Policy Optimization Algorithms.

Reasoning with OmniThought: A Large CoT Dataset with Verbosity and Cognitive Difficulty Annotations Proximal Policy Optimization Algorithms

Reference 23

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T21:07:08.126219Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:07:08.126219Z digest=sha256:17cde431b525af346a9f448a244a3176904fd7e4f9780d27dbd0b153c387fdd9

Observation aa5203d5-1db9-480e-bf26-1876a48d8099 · outbound

This paper cites DeepSeekMath: Pushing the Limits of Mathematical Reasoning in Open Language Models.

Reasoning with OmniThought: A Large CoT Dataset with Verbosity and Cognitive Difficulty Annotations DeepSeekMath: Pushing the Limits of Mathematical Reasoning in Open Language Models

Reference 24

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T21:07:08.131980Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:07:08.131980Z digest=sha256:89a457af2563c61c1e0be21351780c68bf989317b85738c66ce46682d222561c

Observation d3119a10-398c-4bcb-8c10-477bbdc59b8f · outbound

This paper cites Open Thoughts, 2025.

Reasoning with OmniThought: A Large CoT Dataset with Verbosity and Cognitive Difficulty Annotations Open Thoughts, 2025

Reference 25

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T21:07:09.536285Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:07:08.138547Z digest=sha256:32847c6c112ab8ad9d32b5f48ebb475dbe767811d60f299bcefb6e19823f635a

Observation 23c5582b-70c1-4150-943f-ee6b8a4fcc65 · outbound

This paper cites Reft: Reasoning with reinforced fine-tuning.

Reasoning with OmniThought: A Large CoT Dataset with Verbosity and Cognitive Difficulty Annotations Reft: Reasoning with reinforced fine-tuning

Reference 26

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T21:07:09.519701Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:07:08.143893Z digest=sha256:0cbc274171203d2703275e00042776d5c82cf01ec3b3b258356fb0eaf65b018c

Observation 616c03ed-a115-473e-97d1-fc0e5a597b20 · outbound

This paper cites Le, Ed H.

Reasoning with OmniThought: A Large CoT Dataset with Verbosity and Cognitive Difficulty Annotations Le, Ed H

Reference 27

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T21:07:09.504063Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:07:08.151622Z digest=sha256:e3566567b7b082ecea76ac67790cf71e50f1c5482e0f227046fab0dfec0b04f8

Observation 1abcca14-fdfd-4358-aa5f-a7c0a848bebe · outbound

This paper cites Thoughts Are All Over the Place: On the Underthinking of o1-Like LLMs.

Reasoning with OmniThought: A Large CoT Dataset with Verbosity and Cognitive Difficulty Annotations Thoughts Are All Over the Place: On the Underthinking of o1-Like LLMs

Reference 28

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T21:07:08.157242Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:07:08.157242Z digest=sha256:a1ceb0362bcc1e62d877e0f2faf0997f835b01be46c8991f15095326a999c844

Observation e94348c2-8f5c-48f4-ba98-488fec8920c7 · outbound

This paper cites Chi, Quoc V.

Reasoning with OmniThought: A Large CoT Dataset with Verbosity and Cognitive Difficulty Annotations Chi, Quoc V

Reference 29

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T21:07:09.488912Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:07:08.162161Z digest=sha256:76b6c3dcc171096e0796dadb2235c7c11d14724801f8c8af5305d2f5701954ce

Observation 5d6df71d-8774-429f-9625-23df6d8e680a · outbound

This paper cites Light-R1: Curriculum SFT, DPO and RL for Long COT from Scratch and Beyond.

Reasoning with OmniThought: A Large CoT Dataset with Verbosity and Cognitive Difficulty Annotations Light-R1: Curriculum SFT, DPO and RL for Long COT from Scratch and Beyond

Reference 30

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T21:07:08.171603Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:07:08.171603Z digest=sha256:a8ebf7a416c2f1f79f784a8627532592ea7c3d2ef635deb7479f5efc375b8471

Observation 8e938e68-0f85-498a-9310-fc9b324c3211 · outbound

This paper cites Towards Large Reasoning Models: A Survey of Reinforced Reasoning with Large Language Models.

Reasoning with OmniThought: A Large CoT Dataset with Verbosity and Cognitive Difficulty Annotations Towards Large Reasoning Models: A Survey of Reinforced Reasoning with Large Language Models

Reference 31

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T21:07:08.176675Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:07:08.176675Z digest=sha256:ba0c97903482b49b11f7eddffac2d3c10fb7517d5a8402d409e5f8c7fc250234

Observation f9da35ba-192d-4174-8ebc-a5d9d1cf52de · outbound

This paper cites From complex to simple: Unraveling the cognitive tree for reasoning with small language models.

Reasoning with OmniThought: A Large CoT Dataset with Verbosity and Cognitive Difficulty Annotations From complex to simple: Unraveling the cognitive tree for reasoning with small language models

Reference 32

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T21:07:09.472763Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:07:08.181713Z digest=sha256:04aa0f182528a593f29cd2094ca4c9c1f69354c104d0c1fdaf4e822723ba2e23

Observation 75d40988-30ca-497b-95ec-0403ea6fb9a1 · outbound

This paper cites Qwen2.5 Technical Report.

Reasoning with OmniThought: A Large CoT Dataset with Verbosity and Cognitive Difficulty Annotations Qwen2.5 Technical Report

Reference 33

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T21:07:08.187006Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:07:08.187006Z digest=sha256:fb9fe9d6fcc01896557c50c16d1aaeb7a4fc908627a95b20b7172ae3d72c2150

Observation 7b2d6740-6f73-4e6a-8b6b-78b46f1669e9 · outbound

This paper cites Towards thinking-optimal scaling of test-time compute for LLM reasoning.CoRR, abs/2502.18080, 2025.

Reasoning with OmniThought: A Large CoT Dataset with Verbosity and Cognitive Difficulty Annotations Towards thinking-optimal scaling of test-time compute for LLM reasoning.CoRR, abs/2502.18080, 2025

Reference 34

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T21:07:08.191633Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:07:08.191633Z digest=sha256:c8987645dd04c8f1aa267d619036d0917b30811bc8e44ef09d88196729247908

Observation aac32af3-9499-459b-9c76-902b40283a86 · outbound

This paper cites Tree of thoughts: Deliberate problem solving with large language models.

Reasoning with OmniThought: A Large CoT Dataset with Verbosity and Cognitive Difficulty Annotations Tree of thoughts: Deliberate problem solving with large language models

Reference 35

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T21:07:09.452641Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:07:08.196663Z digest=sha256:9bc406b73cc162dd9f632bbe65e9013712898938b4f0f131ddd874c63f93d0e8

Observation a9352079-76f2-4439-8f3e-d3959d0d08d1 · outbound

This paper cites LIMO: Less is More for Reasoning.

Reasoning with OmniThought: A Large CoT Dataset with Verbosity and Cognitive Difficulty Annotations LIMO: Less is More for Reasoning

Reference 36

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T21:07:08.202096Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:07:08.202096Z digest=sha256:3acefc99d9e44625fcf3e1d922f9cd34ba190598817e82a7b3329520bc3e0756

Observation 2711a644-ea76-4941-9511-fbd0c5ba9a9e · outbound

This paper cites Robotic control via embodied chain-of-thought reasoning.

Reasoning with OmniThought: A Large CoT Dataset with Verbosity and Cognitive Difficulty Annotations Robotic control via embodied chain-of-thought reasoning

Reference 37

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T21:07:09.435681Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:07:08.207374Z digest=sha256:9d90c2ec7c819e59ec91b226541c791fce4a36b5173dbe916391febc775aa696

Observation 71dbf7d5-4419-4879-9467-54e7c5743273 · outbound

This paper cites When scaling meets LLM finetuning: The effect of data, model and finetuning method.

Reasoning with OmniThought: A Large CoT Dataset with Verbosity and Cognitive Difficulty Annotations When scaling meets LLM finetuning: The effect of data, model and finetuning method

Reference 38

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T21:07:09.419175Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:07:08.212295Z digest=sha256:4ac86b901b4ac0ae3e730a677c0eafa32ce6719fe87a6907e705245f29611e9a

Observation ddff9890-4b35-424f-b4f4-54ea2236b289 · outbound

This paper cites A Survey of Large Language Models.

Reasoning with OmniThought: A Large CoT Dataset with Verbosity and Cognitive Difficulty Annotations A Survey of Large Language Models

Reference 39

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T21:07:08.217768Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:07:08.217768Z digest=sha256:7e32b99628d34bce7454fb9eed2acc909306cbf6185f374c81682946c83a46b4

Observation f8456e88-afd7-4950-9c2a-f7ad7e9a5250 · outbound

This paper cites Generalizable Chain-of-Thought Prompting in Mixed-task Scenarios with Large Language Models.

Reasoning with OmniThought: A Large CoT Dataset with Verbosity and Cognitive Difficulty Annotations Generalizable Chain-of-Thought Prompting in Mixed-task Scenarios with Large Language Models

Reference 40

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T21:07:08.223870Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:07:08.223870Z digest=sha256:e507a2d03d0e25755fb0dd991d594fab563134be2c61258ce778523797e07b34

Observation b42b89bd-383c-41bd-849b-30e883b513a8 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Reasoning with OmniThought: A Large CoT Dataset with Verbosity and Cognitive Difficulty Annotations Unresolved cited work

Reference 42

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T21:07:09.401938Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:07:08.229234Z digest=sha256:aff606acec538a35ed46e6a4cb19fcf0818869391648f24ca81041b30c74b80e

Observation 343eaadb-b068-48dc-976e-f6ecad8d970c · outbound

This paper cites Cognitive Difficulty Evaluation Focus: The level of reasoning competence required for a model to follow and reproduce the chain faithfully.

Reasoning with OmniThought: A Large CoT Dataset with Verbosity and Cognitive Difficulty Annotations Cognitive Difficulty Evaluation Focus: The level of reasoning competence required for a model to follow and reproduce the chain faithfully

Reference 44

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T21:07:09.362097Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:07:08.239718Z digest=sha256:5abe1af73f91db4be7c8e5ca165979c6270dd9243e5e9701f3e1e999c628e26b

Observation 8524b69a-8330-40e5-8a72-7a53425b94b3 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Reasoning with OmniThought: A Large CoT Dataset with Verbosity and Cognitive Difficulty Annotations Unresolved cited work

Reference 45

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T21:07:09.345403Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:07:08.247516Z digest=sha256:aba292a1745850f2fde19a16993a4abf1574f19cd5ad7680170b903c6c70226e

Observation 71f81a6a-5e0e-4275-b41a-5a2f8349a231 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Reasoning with OmniThought: A Large CoT Dataset with Verbosity and Cognitive Difficulty Annotations Unresolved cited work

Reference 46

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T21:07:09.380849Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:07:08.253774Z digest=sha256:322a99c8f03f39ae581678b38f86363d4fc4ee60033c006fa3d7279421100ad1

Observation 582c70a5-1d2f-4bf0-9d13-d0be12796810 · outbound

This paper cites For ease of understanding, we have summarize the step-by-step procedures in CoTs of Table 9.

Reasoning with OmniThought: A Large CoT Dataset with Verbosity and Cognitive Difficulty Annotations For ease of understanding, we have summarize the step-by-step procedures in CoTs of Table 9

Reference 47

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T21:07:09.326613Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:07:08.259829Z digest=sha256:e3a3c35067e586bf2f9d74bdbf952e0f7b45ef6eed26da8ac2f7b27ab52395b1

Observation 4eb6c132-142b-4018-9270-8fbe5ef5cb13 · outbound

This paper cites 5 2–3 Compute the sum of the first five multiples of7.

Reasoning with OmniThought: A Large CoT Dataset with Verbosity and Cognitive Difficulty Annotations 5 2–3 Compute the sum of the first five multiples of7

Reference 48

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T21:07:09.306852Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:07:08.265294Z digest=sha256:ddfdd80c4159775b5f6b6700ec8789225245d2562b1c5b0b7dd6f64f45520092

Observation 49bfb1fa-02f7-41ff-ade6-294bd1f732a3 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Reasoning with OmniThought: A Large CoT Dataset with Verbosity and Cognitive Difficulty Annotations Unresolved cited work

Reference 49

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T21:07:09.288840Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:07:08.270586Z digest=sha256:1de9a34ac0d23565e9b3c4699e9aa9f30789d814cbe50009caefd7040e2f5f77

Observation f4d810ca-81ed-47b7-95f2-0384b6ed3ab1 · outbound

This paper cites 105 4–5 Simplify x2−4 x−2 and evaluate atx= 5.

Reasoning with OmniThought: A Large CoT Dataset with Verbosity and Cognitive Difficulty Annotations 105 4–5 Simplify x2−4 x−2 and evaluate atx= 5

Reference 50

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T21:07:09.268137Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:07:08.276071Z digest=sha256:449a3c19e8dc85bc0f15fa9945f6d3beb3432575bf12a83f9f74ad6ff5670e1c

Observation cceda27b-3fa5-4033-8dce-b828342f1a22 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Reasoning with OmniThought: A Large CoT Dataset with Verbosity and Cognitive Difficulty Annotations Unresolved cited work

Reference 51

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T21:07:09.248209Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:07:08.284546Z digest=sha256:7576b4c7594214972185bef6acd958e231788e1cc09ee5037cd9570b8a3eacfd

Observation a0480ffc-1ae2-49a6-a450-3919fb3eda5e · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Reasoning with OmniThought: A Large CoT Dataset with Verbosity and Cognitive Difficulty Annotations Unresolved cited work

Reference 52

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T21:07:09.228314Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:07:08.291010Z digest=sha256:1ab8d8ca0b6edd5e553007e1806fe40f2a20b605e719e6d9defc0f1a1318c2ba

Observation 4d86ad37-1cf7-45f2-b948-88f524636fca · outbound

This paper cites 7 6–7 Determine the time complex- ity of T(n) = 2T(n/2) +n.

Reasoning with OmniThought: A Large CoT Dataset with Verbosity and Cognitive Difficulty Annotations 7 6–7 Determine the time complex- ity of T(n) = 2T(n/2) +n

Reference 53

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T21:07:09.209849Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:07:08.296865Z digest=sha256:37071b9c84e4aabbe91e04bad5a30c9b4f58f58985770e662b3b80dc14d48b6e

Observation d4e69729-e523-4be6-b8b2-26a31456b933 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Reasoning with OmniThought: A Large CoT Dataset with Verbosity and Cognitive Difficulty Annotations Unresolved cited work

Reference 54

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T21:07:09.190663Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:07:08.302685Z digest=sha256:38a839f4564fa2ddc21747bca1462c6b3433fd34523c0a98aa3432c8a5ff267b

Observation c7420849-dc63-4c5f-b07e-9f6c31277a69 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Reasoning with OmniThought: A Large CoT Dataset with Verbosity and Cognitive Difficulty Annotations Unresolved cited work

Reference 55

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T21:07:09.169001Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:07:08.308530Z digest=sha256:7ba13cb37822440ccdcb525131d0b538cec525beba81d0e58a7c2da6611973a0

Observation a515da95-f9c0-4ed1-afd9-5e1b772297c4 · outbound

This paper cites Θ(nlogn) 8–9 Prove that there are infinitely many prime numbers.

Reasoning with OmniThought: A Large CoT Dataset with Verbosity and Cognitive Difficulty Annotations Θ(nlogn) 8–9 Prove that there are infinitely many prime numbers

Reference 56

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T21:07:09.144612Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:07:08.313743Z digest=sha256:2d833ae47b9f57e64c321110492f66bd7897a69636c7903be9c08d5bf8a6e41f

Observation 67086c2d-9778-4de3-b8f8-7a24a6e1c927 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Reasoning with OmniThought: A Large CoT Dataset with Verbosity and Cognitive Difficulty Annotations Unresolved cited work

Reference 57

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T21:07:09.113530Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:07:08.318644Z digest=sha256:38fa647daac8855e450840965ac9feb83d78404ceff67f7d15c9cab87e64eeb4

Observation 891e4f22-16d8-487c-8e8a-5cb60099a4a1 · outbound

This paper cites 3.Nleaves remainder 1 mod anyp i.

Reasoning with OmniThought: A Large CoT Dataset with Verbosity and Cognitive Difficulty Annotations 3.Nleaves remainder 1 mod anyp i

Reference 58

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T21:07:09.083814Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:07:08.325450Z digest=sha256:448399c79796bdefa7ff0391fcfc8814e1b637680d9317f8c472e90db51a2cb0

Observation 4b1592c1-d709-4e5b-baf7-a3509ebd0e89 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Reasoning with OmniThought: A Large CoT Dataset with Verbosity and Cognitive Difficulty Annotations Unresolved cited work

Reference 59

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T21:07:09.062523Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:07:08.331318Z digest=sha256:42ec2bf767d2c6073ea092b8abf2ffc2e88374bd11efe2c3b760879544efb35f

Observation 72118bab-4e05-4557-bc35-670f2c139834 · outbound

This paper cites Infinitely many primes 20.

Reasoning with OmniThought: A Large CoT Dataset with Verbosity and Cognitive Difficulty Annotations Infinitely many primes 20

Reference 60

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T21:07:09.036906Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:07:08.336951Z digest=sha256:4608253fd99966fc47119aee9f0c844342fe32e5985cb8eabb4fdd2dbf590df6

Observation fe733377-ffd3-44e3-8d5a-640d6aa78508 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Reasoning with OmniThought: A Large CoT Dataset with Verbosity and Cognitive Difficulty Annotations Unresolved cited work

Reference 2822

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T21:07:08.091363Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:07:08.091363Z digest=sha256:7af72d4f8993a1a417ab4f15591da346270f904078534f91061d1d07da4af052

Pith citing papers

Observation 2ed727d5-12e6-49e6-92af-818187f58d14 · inbound

EasyDistill: A Comprehensive Toolkit for Effective Knowledge Distillation of Large Language Models cites this paper.

EasyDistill: A Comprehensive Toolkit for Effective Knowledge Distillation of Large Language Models Reasoning with OmniThought: A Large CoT Dataset with Verbosity and Cognitive Difficulty Annotations

Reference 2

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T13:49:10.708258Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T13:49:10.708258Z digest=sha256:96749e6480f3ab24e9b839d254b94d6533964510ffc5ab7f7e72bd7366c0be55

Observation 09dbf26a-3bd2-49b6-ab64-a4838098c80e · inbound

Towards Concise and Adaptive Thinking in Large Reasoning Models: A Survey cites this paper.

Towards Concise and Adaptive Thinking in Large Reasoning Models: A Survey Reasoning with OmniThought: A Large CoT Dataset with Verbosity and Cognitive Difficulty Annotations

Reference 19

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T17:53:42.595083Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-06T17:53:42.595083Z digest=sha256:624cea75705b79b568233d5a205c6cec6d57dcc7fe81917cf12ca91690e17428

Observation 30f5debd-16f7-48e5-b6fe-258d82b8d823 · inbound

Tracing the Roots: A Multi-Agent Framework for Uncovering Data Lineage in Post-Training LLMs cites this paper.

Tracing the Roots: A Multi-Agent Framework for Uncovering Data Lineage in Post-Training LLMs Reasoning with OmniThought: A Large CoT Dataset with Verbosity and Cognitive Difficulty Annotations

Reference 7

Resolution
verified exact
arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-11T09:06:00.618733Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-10T16:14:38.371700Z digest=sha256:899dbdfb1fd250799fb2db1c4f2cce8036fb96baec7da822a372445ff21fffad

Observation cbef96ba-ebea-488a-9800-9c8636338435 · inbound

OmniThoughtVis: A Scalable Distillation Pipeline for Deployable Multimodal Reasoning Models cites this paper.

OmniThoughtVis: A Scalable Distillation Pipeline for Deployable Multimodal Reasoning Models Reasoning with OmniThought: A Large CoT Dataset with Verbosity and Cognitive Difficulty Annotations

Reference 3

Resolution
verified exact
arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-13T01:27:01.893709Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-05-13T01:25:14.540277Z digest=sha256:79ea17f3b8e6202651d23cde3fee9fcfc6fe2ae6ebfafc0274bc70fb818c91b1

Observation be277dde-7d56-4e1c-b4fc-dcd75d03cff5 · inbound

Trust Region On-Policy Distillation cites this paper.

Trust Region On-Policy Distillation Reasoning with OmniThought: A Large CoT Dataset with Verbosity and Cognitive Difficulty Annotations

Reference 294

Resolution
metadata mismatch
arxiv_id, observed 2026-07-01T20:56:13.700727Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-06-28T17:38:50.313305Z digest=sha256:e62a6e97d48b2c86e25351816a5f540119bdaf588fe0826788883cd6a0db604b

Observation 91e1d022-2a47-4ae6-955b-726c99dcdeed · inbound

NebulaExp-8B: An Empirical Post-Training Pipeline via Full-Scale Ablation Research cites this paper.

NebulaExp-8B: An Empirical Post-Training Pipeline via Full-Scale Ablation Research Reasoning with OmniThought: A Large CoT Dataset with Verbosity and Cognitive Difficulty Annotations

Reference 27

Resolution
verified exact
arxiv_id, observed 2026-07-04T13:39:51.100542Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-06-26T05:00:23.510590Z digest=sha256:a86440def07052562555a47731afce7dcb0d33f6db28fd0832fffca944e7592a