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Studying the mirror acceleration via kinetic simulations of relativistic plasma turbulence
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Efficient relativistic turbulent acceleration of particles is indicated by recent astrophysical observations. The Type II mechanism with acceleration due to the temporal variations of magnetic field strengths remains underexplored. The mirror acceleration has recently been proposed as an efficient Type II mechanism for particle energization in turbulence-compressed magnetic fields. We perform a 3D particle-in-cell (PIC) simulation of pair plasma to extend its study to relativistic turbulence. By tracking individual particles, we see that the particles interacting with transverse magnetic mirrors can have a significant energy gain during one mirror interaction and within one gyro-orbit. As expected for the mirror acceleration, we statistically find that the momentum gain is preferentially in the direction perpendicular to the local magnetic field and positively correlated with the local magnetic field strengthening. As a result, the particle pitch angle distribution becomes increasingly anisotropic toward higher energies, with a concentration at large pitch angles. The mirror acceleration facilitates a spatial confinement of particles by stochastically increasing their pitch angles, which further enhances the mirror acceleration.
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Distributions of particles accelerated by strong Alfv\'enic turbulence
Curvature acceleration in strong Alfvénic turbulence saturates due to diminishing energy exchange efficiency, producing particle distributions f(p) ∝ p^{-3} (non-relativistic) and f(γ) ∝ γ^{-3} (ultrarelativistic).
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The particle energization is dominated by mirror acceleration, characterized by a stochastic increase of perpendicular momentum and pitch angle of par- ticles. The energy gain is positively correlated with the local strengthening of compressed mag- netic fields
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Mirror-accelerated particles are strongly confined in space as they preferentially move perpendicular to the local magnetic field, resulting in efficient and self-sustained mirror acceleration. The character- istic anisotropic particle distribution concentrated at large pitch angles can be observationally tested, based on earlier studies on the effect of ...
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The diffusive mirror acceleration has the accelera- tion time consistent with that measured in earlier PIC simulations [e.g., 20, 42]. Its dependence on the energy fraction of compressible component of magnetized turbulence requires further investiga- tion
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Compared with the mirror interaction with non- relativistic turbulence [e.g. 36], significant energy 10 change can happen during one mirror interaction with relativistic turbulence within one gyro-orbit, causing violation of the first adiabatic invariant and distorted gyrations of accelerated particles
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The variations of Γ d of plasma can be used as a diagnostic to distinguish between reconnection and mirror acceleration in turbulence. The reconnec- tion acceleration of particles interacting with local weakening fields occurs when rL is smaller or com- parable to the current layer thickness at an early time of the simulation. It results in an increase of...
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