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arxiv: 2510.21641 · v2 · submitted 2025-10-24 · ✦ hep-ex

Search for dijet resonances with data scouting in proton-proton collisions at sqrt{s} = 13 TeV

CMS Collaboration This is my paper

Pith reviewed 2026-05-18 04:24 UTC · model grok-4.3

classification ✦ hep-ex
keywords dijet resonance searchnarrow resonancesdata scoutingproton-proton collisionsupper limitsdark matter mediator13 TeV
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The pith

No significant evidence for new narrow dijet resonances between 0.6 and 1.8 TeV is observed in 13 TeV proton-proton collisions.

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

This paper presents a search for narrow resonances decaying to dijet pairs in proton-proton collisions at 13 TeV. Using the data scouting method to efficiently record events at the trigger level, the analysis examines 117 fb of data collected between 2016 and 2018. The dijet mass spectra are parameterized smoothly and show no significant signals of new particles. Model-independent upper limits are derived for different resonance types and for the coupling of a dark matter mediator to quarks. The approach achieves better sensitivity than expected from luminosity increase alone by using a more robust background fit with fewer parameters.

Core claim

The dijet mass spectra are well described by a smooth parameterization with no significant evidence for the production of new particles. Model-independent upper limits are set on the product of cross section, branching fraction, and acceptance for narrow quark-quark, quark-gluon, and gluon-gluon resonances, and the upper limit on the coupling of a dark matter mediator to quarks is presented as a function of mediator mass.

What carries the argument

The data scouting technique at the high-level trigger, which allows recording of a large sample of dijet events in compact form for offline analysis of the mass spectrum.

If this is right

  • The absence of signals constrains models of new physics that predict narrow dijet resonances in this mass range.
  • Upper limits on the dark matter mediator-quark coupling restrict viable parameter space for dark matter explanations.
  • The improved statistical procedure with fewer background parameters enhances the robustness of future similar searches.
  • Comparison with various model predictions helps exclude specific resonance production mechanisms.

Where Pith is reading between the lines

These are editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

  • Data scouting could enable searches for other rare processes in high-rate environments at future colliders.
  • Combining these limits with results from other experiments might provide stronger constraints on beyond-standard-model scenarios.
  • Extensions to wider resonance widths or different decay channels could be explored with similar methods.

Load-bearing premise

The dijet mass spectra are well described by a smooth parameterization without any unaccounted background contributions or mismodeling that could mimic resonance signals.

What would settle it

Detection of a significant excess or structure in the dijet mass spectrum that cannot be accommodated by the chosen smooth background function, even after accounting for systematic uncertainties.

Figures

Figures reproduced from arXiv: 2510.21641 by CMS Collaboration.

Figure 1
Figure 1. Figure 1: The measured HLT trigger efficiency as a function of the offline dijet mass for wide [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p004_1.png] view at source ↗
Figure 2
Figure 2. Figure 2: Simulated signal shapes of narrow resonances from parton pairs quark-quark (dotted [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p006_2.png] view at source ↗
Figure 3
Figure 3. Figure 3: Dijet mass spectra for wide Calo-jets (points) compared to a parameterization of the [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p008_3.png] view at source ↗
Figure 4
Figure 4. Figure 4: The observed 95% CL upper limits on the product of the cross section ( [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p009_4.png] view at source ↗
Figure 5
Figure 5. Figure 5: shows the p-value, a measure of the local significance, as a function of mass for qq, qg, and gg resonances. The highest local significances (lowest p-values) of roughly 2 standard deviations is observed at resonance masses in the region 0.80-0.85 TeV in all three cases. Resonance mass [TeV] −3 10 −2 10 −1 10 -value 1 p Local CMS (13 TeV) -1 117 fb quark-quark 3σ 2σ 4σ 1σ 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.… view at source ↗
Figure 6
Figure 6. Figure 6: The 95% CL upper limit on the universal quark coupling [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p011_6.png] view at source ↗
read the original abstract

A search is presented for narrow resonances, with a mass between 0.6 and 1.8 TeV, decaying to pairs of jets, in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV. The search is performed using dijets that are reconstructed, selected, and recorded in a compact form by the high-level trigger in a technique referred to as "data scouting", from data collected in 2016$-$2018 corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 117 fb$^{-1}$. The dijet mass spectra are well described by a smooth parameterization, and no significant evidence for the production of new particles is observed. Model-independent upper limits are presented on the product of the cross section, branching fraction, and acceptance for the individual cases of narrow quark-quark, quark-gluon, and gluon-gluon resonances, and are compared to the predictions from a variety of models of narrow dijet resonance production. The upper limit on the coupling of a dark matter mediator to quarks is presented as a function of the mediator mass. The sensitivity of this search goes beyond what is expected from statistical scaling with the integrated luminosity alone, as a consequence of the use of fewer parameters in the background function within a more robust statistical procedure.

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, simulated authors' rebuttal, and a circularity audit. Tearing a paper down is the easy half of reading it; the pith above is the substance, this is the friction.

Referee Report

1 major / 1 minor

Summary. The paper presents a search for narrow dijet resonances with masses between 0.6 and 1.8 TeV in proton-proton collisions at 13 TeV using the data scouting technique in the CMS experiment. Data corresponding to 117 fb^{-1} collected in 2016-2018 are used. The dijet mass spectra are described by a smooth parameterization with no significant evidence for new particles observed. Model-independent upper limits are set on the product of cross section, branching fraction, and acceptance for narrow quark-quark, quark-gluon, and gluon-gluon resonances, and on the coupling of a dark matter mediator to quarks.

Significance. If the background modeling is robust as claimed, this search provides valuable model-independent constraints on new physics in the dijet final state, benefiting from the data scouting approach and a statistical procedure that uses fewer parameters for improved sensitivity. The results can be used to test various resonance production models and dark matter scenarios.

major comments (1)
  1. [Background parameterization (abstract and results section)] The validity of the no significant evidence claim and the upper limits rests on the dijet mass spectra being accurately described by the smooth parameterization without residual structures. The abstract states this is the case and highlights a more robust procedure with fewer parameters, but the manuscript should include explicit details on the functional form, the number of free parameters, and quantitative fit quality assessments (e.g., chi^2/dof or residual plots) to confirm that potential mismodeling does not affect the limits on resonances or mediator couplings.
minor comments (1)
  1. Ensure that all figures showing the mass spectra and limit plots have clear labels and legends for the different resonance types (qq, qg, gg).

Simulated Author's Rebuttal

1 responses · 0 unresolved

We thank the referee for their positive evaluation of our work and for recommending minor revisions. We address the single major comment on background parameterization below, agreeing that additional explicit details will improve the manuscript.

read point-by-point responses

  1. Referee: [Background parameterization (abstract and results section)] The validity of the no significant evidence claim and the upper limits rests on the dijet mass spectra being accurately described by the smooth parameterization without residual structures. The abstract states this is the case and highlights a more robust procedure with fewer parameters, but the manuscript should include explicit details on the functional form, the number of free parameters, and quantitative fit quality assessments (e.g., chi^2/dof or residual plots) to confirm that potential mismodeling does not affect the limits on resonances or mediator couplings.

    Authors: We agree that providing more explicit details on the background parameterization will strengthen the manuscript and further support the robustness of our no-significant-evidence claim and upper limits. While the current text describes the spectra as well described by a smooth parameterization and emphasizes the use of fewer parameters in a more robust statistical procedure, we will revise the results section to include the explicit functional form employed, the precise number of free parameters, and quantitative fit-quality metrics such as chi-squared per degree of freedom. We will also add residual plots to demonstrate the lack of significant structures. These additions will be placed in the results section and referenced from the abstract where appropriate. revision: yes

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged

No significant circularity in data-driven dijet resonance search

full rationale

The paper conducts a standard search for narrow dijet resonances by fitting a smooth background parameterization directly to the observed mass spectrum in the data scouting dataset and testing for deviations. The null result and model-independent upper limits on cross-section times branching fraction times acceptance follow from the comparison of data to this fit, without any reduction of the final claims to quantities defined solely by the fit parameters themselves. No self-citations, uniqueness theorems, or ansatze are invoked to force the outcome; the procedure is externally falsifiable via the actual data distribution and aligns with established particle-physics practices for setting limits. The analysis remains self-contained against external benchmarks.

Axiom & Free-Parameter Ledger

1 free parameters · 1 axioms · 0 invented entities

The result rests on the assumption that any new narrow resonance appears as a localized excess on a smoothly falling background that can be parameterized empirically from the data itself.

free parameters (1)
  • background parameterization coefficients
    The smooth function used to describe the dijet mass spectrum contains several coefficients that are determined by fitting to the observed data distribution.
axioms (1)
  • domain assumption Standard Model processes produce a smooth dijet mass spectrum that can be accurately modeled by an empirical parameterization without significant unknown contributions.
    Invoked when the abstract states that the spectra are well described by the parameterization and no significant evidence for new particles is observed.

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Reference graph

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