pith. machine review for the scientific record. sign in

arxiv: 2511.01995 · v2 · submitted 2025-11-03 · ✦ hep-ex

Inclusive and differential measurements of the mathrm{tbar{t}}γ cross section and the mathrm{tbar{t}}γ / mathrm{tbar{t}} cross section ratio in proton-proton collisions at sqrt{s} = 13 TeV

CMS Collaboration This is my paper

Pith reviewed 2026-05-18 00:53 UTC · model grok-4.3

classification ✦ hep-ex
keywords top quark pairphoton associationcross section measurementfiducial phase spaceCMS detector13 TeV collisionscharge asymmetrystandard model test
0
0 comments X

The pith

The fiducial cross section for top quark pair production with a photon is measured to be 137 fb, agreeing with the standard model prediction of 126 fb.

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

This paper measures the cross section for producing a top quark pair together with a photon in proton-proton collisions at 13 TeV. Using 138 fb inverse of data collected by the CMS detector, events with two leptons and a high-momentum isolated photon are selected. The fiducial cross section is found to be 137 plus or minus 8 fb, close to the predicted 126 plus or minus 19 fb. The ratio of the tt gamma cross section to the tt cross section is 0.0133 plus or minus 0.0005, matching the expected 0.0127 plus or minus 0.0008. Differential distributions and the charge asymmetry are also compared to theory and show consistency.

Core claim

The authors measure the inclusive fiducial tt gamma cross section to be 137 plus or minus 8 fb and the tt gamma to tt ratio to be 0.0133 plus or minus 0.0005 at 13 TeV, both in agreement with standard model predictions of 126 plus or minus 19 fb and 0.0127 plus or minus 0.0008, based on events containing two leptons and an isolated photon in 138 fb inverse of data.

What carries the argument

Fiducial phase space selection requiring two leptons and a high-momentum isolated photon, combined with background subtraction using simulation and unfolding to particle and parton level for differential results.

If this is right

  • Differential cross sections versus lepton, photon, and top quark kinematics test higher-order QCD calculations directly.
  • The tt gamma to tt ratio measurement reduces sensitivity to common systematic uncertainties in the absolute rates.
  • The measured top quark charge asymmetry of minus 0.012 plus or minus 0.042 constrains possible beyond-standard-model contributions.

Where Pith is reading between the lines

These are editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

  • Continued agreement at higher luminosity would tighten constraints on new physics models that alter rare top quark processes.
  • Extending the same fiducial approach to other rare top-associated processes could provide a consistent test of the standard model.

Load-bearing premise

After all selection cuts and background subtraction, the remaining events are dominated by genuine tt gamma production in the defined fiducial phase space.

What would settle it

A measured fiducial cross section significantly different from 126 fb in an independent analysis with higher statistics or a different photon selection would challenge the reported agreement.

Figures

Figures reproduced from arXiv: 2511.01995 by CMS Collaboration.

Figure 1
Figure 1. Figure 1: Example Feynman diagrams for the production of t [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p003_1.png] view at source ↗
Figure 2
Figure 2. Figure 2: Distributions after the event selection for: the [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p009_2.png] view at source ↗
Figure 3
Figure 3. Figure 3: The pT (t 1 ) (upper left), m(tt) (upper right), and ∆|y|(t, t) (lower) distributions in data and simulation, after the fit to the production component of ttγ, described in Section 9.3. The hatched area indicates the total uncertainty in the prediction. The lower panels show the ratio of the data to the sum of the postfit predictions (points) and the ratio of the data to the sum of the prefit predictions (… view at source ↗
Figure 4
Figure 4. Figure 4: Distributions of the invariant mass of the two leptons (left) and two leptons + pho [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p011_4.png] view at source ↗
Figure 5
Figure 5. Figure 5: Schematic representation of the regions used to estimate the contribution from events [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p012_5.png] view at source ↗
Figure 6
Figure 6. Figure 6: Impacts ∆(µ prod ttγ ) (right column) and fit constraints (θ − θI )/∆θ (middle column) of the twenty most important nuisance parameters (listed in the left column) in the fit to extract the cross section of the ttγ production component. In the fit constraints column, the gray horizontal bands (black horizontal lines) show the ratio between the uncertainties in the fit result and the ones initially assigned… view at source ↗
Figure 7
Figure 7. Figure 7: Absolute (left) and normalized (right) differential t [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p022_7.png] view at source ↗
Figure 8
Figure 8. Figure 8: Absolute (left) and normalized (right) differential t [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p023_8.png] view at source ↗
Figure 9
Figure 9. Figure 9: Absolute (left) and normalized (right) differential t [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p024_9.png] view at source ↗
Figure 10
Figure 10. Figure 10: Absolute (left) and normalized (right) differential t [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p025_10.png] view at source ↗
Figure 11
Figure 11. Figure 11: Distribution of the pT of the leading lepton for the “tt, 0γ” region (upper left) and the “tt, 1γ” SR (upper right), and the number of jets for the DY+jets (lower left) and Zγ+jets (lower right) CRs after the fit. The hatched area indicates the total uncertainty in the prediction. The lower panels show the ratio of the data to the sum of the postfit predictions (points) and the ratio of the data to the su… view at source ↗
Figure 12
Figure 12. Figure 12: Absolute differential measurements of Rγ as a function of pT (t 1 ) at the parton level (left) and pT (ℓ1 ) at the particle level (right). The purple (blue) lines show the predic￾tions from the nominal (alternative) simulation, and the lighter purple (blue) shaded areas represent the theoretical uncertainties in the predictions. The gray lines and bands represent the fixed-order predictions and their resp… view at source ↗
read the original abstract

Inclusive and differential cross section measurements of top quark pair ($\mathrm{t\bar{t}}$) production in association with a photon ($\gamma$) are performed as a function of lepton, photon, top quark, and $\mathrm{t\bar{t}}$ kinematic observables, using data from proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb$^{-1}$, collected at the CERN LHC with the CMS detector. Events containing two leptons (electrons or muons) and a photon in the final state are considered. The fiducial cross section of $\mathrm{t\bar{t}}\gamma$ is measured to be 137 $\pm$ 8 fb, in a phase space including events with a high momentum, isolated photon. The fiducial cross section of $\mathrm{t\bar{t}}\gamma$ is also measured to be 56 $\pm$ 5 fb when considering only events where the photon is emitted in the production part of the process. Both measurements are in agreement with the theoretical predictions, of 126 $\pm$ 19 fb and 57 $\pm$ 5 fb, respectively. Differential measurements are performed at the particle and parton levels. Additionally, inclusive and differential ratios between the cross sections of $\mathrm{t\bar{t}}\gamma$ and $\mathrm{t\bar{t}}$ production are measured. The inclusive ratio is found to be 0.0133 $\pm$ 0.0005, in agreement with the standard model prediction of 0.0127 $\pm$ 0.0008. The top quark charge asymmetry in $\mathrm{t\bar{t}}\gamma$ production is also measured to be $-$0.012 $\pm$ 0.042, compatible with both the standard model prediction and with no asymmetry.

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, simulated authors' rebuttal, and a circularity audit. Tearing a paper down is the easy half of reading it; the pith above is the substance, this is the friction.

Referee Report

0 major / 3 minor

Summary. The paper reports inclusive and differential cross-section measurements of ttγ production in the dilepton final state with an isolated high-momentum photon, using 138 fb^{-1} of 13 TeV CMS data. The fiducial ttγ cross section is measured as 137 ± 8 fb (theory 126 ± 19 fb) and 56 ± 5 fb for the production-stage photon subset (theory 57 ± 5 fb). The inclusive ttγ/tt ratio is 0.0133 ± 0.0005 (SM 0.0127 ± 0.0008), with differential distributions at particle and parton level and a charge asymmetry of -0.012 ± 0.042.

Significance. If the results hold, this constitutes a precision test of the SM ttγ process at the LHC, probing the top-photon coupling and providing differential distributions for validation of NLO+PS predictions. The ratio measurement cancels several common uncertainties, yielding a more robust comparison to theory. The large dataset and standard unfolding approach make the results a useful addition to the top-quark physics program.

minor comments (3)
  1. The abstract states that differential measurements are performed at both particle and parton levels; the methods section should explicitly describe the unfolding procedure, choice of regularization, and any migration matrices to allow full reproducibility of the differential results.
  2. Table or figure presenting the breakdown of systematic uncertainties for the fiducial cross section (137 ± 8 fb) would clarify the dominant sources (e.g., photon identification, background modeling) and support the quoted total uncertainty.
  3. The separation between production and decay photons for the 56 fb measurement relies on simulation; a brief discussion of the associated modeling uncertainty and any data-driven validation would strengthen the claim.

Simulated Author's Rebuttal

0 responses · 0 unresolved

We thank the referee for the positive assessment of our manuscript and the recommendation for minor revision. The referee's summary accurately reflects the main results and their significance for testing the Standard Model ttγ process and the top-photon coupling. We appreciate the recognition that the ratio measurement provides a robust comparison to theory.

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged

No circularity: results are direct data-driven measurements

full rationale

The paper performs standard experimental measurements of fiducial ttγ cross sections and the ttγ/tt ratio using 138 fb^{-1} of 13 TeV collision data. Event selection, background estimation, efficiency corrections, and unfolding to particle/parton level are applied to extract the reported values (137 ± 8 fb and 0.0133 ± 0.0005) directly from observed events after subtraction. These are compared to independent SM theoretical predictions (126 ± 19 fb and 0.0127 ± 0.0008) that are not derived within the paper. No load-bearing step reduces by construction to a fit on the same dataset, self-definition, or self-citation chain; the derivation chain is self-contained against external benchmarks.

Axiom & Free-Parameter Ledger

0 free parameters · 1 axioms · 0 invented entities

The measurement rests on standard assumptions about detector response, background composition, and the validity of Monte Carlo generators for ttγ and its backgrounds; no new free parameters or invented entities are introduced in the abstract.

axioms (1)
  • domain assumption Standard Model calculations for ttγ production and the associated backgrounds are sufficiently accurate for comparison with data after efficiency corrections.
    The reported agreement between measured and predicted cross sections relies on this assumption.

pith-pipeline@v0.9.0 · 5889 in / 1278 out tokens · 43326 ms · 2026-05-18T00:53:33.984618+00:00 · methodology

discussion (0)

Sign in with ORCID, Apple, or X to comment. Anyone can read and Pith papers without signing in.

Lean theorems connected to this paper

Citations machine-checked in the Pith Canon. Every link opens the source theorem in the public Lean library.

What do these tags mean?
matches
The paper's claim is directly supported by a theorem in the formal canon.
supports
The theorem supports part of the paper's argument, but the paper may add assumptions or extra steps.
extends
The paper goes beyond the formal theorem; the theorem is a base layer rather than the whole result.
uses
The paper appears to rely on the theorem as machinery.
contradicts
The paper's claim conflicts with a theorem or certificate in the canon.
unclear
Pith found a possible connection, but the passage is too broad, indirect, or ambiguous to say the theorem truly supports the claim.

Reference graph

Works this paper leans on

92 extracted references · 92 canonical work pages · 55 internal anchors

  1. [1]

    Probing Electroweak Top Quark Couplings at Hadron Colliders

    U. Baur, A. Juste, L. H. Orr, and D. Rainwater, “Probing electroweak top quark couplings at hadron colliders”,Phys. Rev. D71(2005) 054013, doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.71.054013,arXiv:hep-ph/0412021

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1103/physrevd.71.054013 2005

  2. [2]

    Electromagnetic dipole moments of the top quark

    A. O. Bouzas and F. Larios, “Electromagnetic dipole moments of the top quark”,Phys. Rev. D87(2013) 074015,doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.87.074015,arXiv:1212.6575

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1103/physrevd.87.074015 2013

  3. [3]

    Pinning down electroweak dipole operators of the top quark

    M. Schulze and Y. Soreq, “Pinning down electroweak dipole operators of the top quark”, Eur. Phys. J. C76(2016) 466,doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-016-4263-x, arXiv:1603.08911

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-016-4263-x 2016

  4. [4]

    Hard Photons in Hadroproduction of Top Quarks with Realistic Final States

    G. Bevilacqua et al., “Hard photons in hadroproduction of top quarks with realistic final states”,JHEP10(2018) 158,doi:10.1007/JHEP10(2018)158,arXiv:1803.09916

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1007/jhep10(2018)158 2018

  5. [5]

    Off-shell vs on-shell modelling of top quarks in photon associated production

    G. Bevilacqua et al., “Off-shell vs on-shell modelling of top quarks in photon associated production”,JHEP03(2020) 154,doi:10.1007/JHEP03(2020)154, arXiv:1912.09999

    work page doi:10.1007/jhep03(2020)154 2020

  6. [6]

    The top quark charge asymmetry in $t\bar{t}\gamma$ production at the LHC

    J. Bergner and M. Schulze, “The top quark charge asymmetry in t tγproduction at the LHC”,Eur. Phys. J. C79(2019) 189,doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-019-6707-6, arXiv:1812.10535

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-019-6707-6 2019

  7. [7]

    Shedding light on the $t \bar t$ asymmetry: the photon handle

    J. A. Aguilar-Saavedra, E. ´Alvarez, A. Juste, and F. Rubbo, “Shedding light on the tt asymmetry: the photon handle”,JHEP04(2014) 188, doi:10.1007/JHEP04(2014)188,arXiv:1402.3598. 28

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1007/jhep04(2014)188 2014

  8. [8]

    Associated production of a top-quark pair with two isolated photons at the LHC through NLO in QCD

    D. Stremmer and M. Worek, “Associated production of a top-quark pair with two isolated photons at the LHC through NLO in QCD”,JHEP08(2023) 179, doi:10.1007/JHEP08(2023)179,arXiv:2306.16968

    work page doi:10.1007/jhep08(2023)179 2023

  9. [9]

    Precise predictions for $t\bar{t}\gamma/t\bar{t}$ cross section ratios at the LHC

    G. Bevilacqua et al., “Precise predictions for t tγ/t t cross section ratios at the LHC”, JHEP01(2019) 188,doi:10.1007/JHEP01(2019)188,arXiv:1809.08562

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1007/jhep01(2019)188 2019

  10. [10]

    Interpreting top-quark LHC measurements in the standard-model effective field theory

    J. A. Aguilar-Saavedra et al., “Interpreting top-quark LHC measurements in the standard-model effective field theory”, LHC TOP Working Group Public Note CERN-LPCC-2018-01, 2018.arXiv:1802.07237

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 2018

  11. [11]

    Evidence for t\bar{t}\gamma Production and Measurement of \sigma_t\bar{t}\gamma / \sigma_t\bar{t}

    CDF Collaboration, “Evidence for t tγproduction and measurement ofσ ttγ /σtt ”,Phys. Rev. D84(2011) 031104,doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.84.031104,arXiv:1106.3970

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1103/physrevd.84.031104 2011

  12. [12]

    Observation of top-quark pair production in association with a photon and measurement of the $t\bar{t}\gamma$ production cross section in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}=7$ TeV using the ATLAS detector

    ATLAS Collaboration, “Observation of top-quark pair production in association with a photon and measurement of the ttγproduction cross section in pp collisions at√s=7 TeV using the ATLAS detector”,Phys. Rev. D91(2015) 072007, doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.91.072007,arXiv:1502.00586

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1103/physrevd.91.072007 2015

  13. [13]

    Measurement of the $t\bar{t}\gamma$ production cross section in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 8$ TeV with the ATLAS detector

    ATLAS Collaboration, “Measurement of the t tγproduction cross section in proton-proton collisions at √s=8 TeV with the ATLAS detector”,JHEP11(2017) 086, doi:10.1007/JHEP11(2017)086,arXiv:1706.03046

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1007/jhep11(2017)086 2017

  14. [14]

    Measurement of the semileptonic tt-bar gamma production cross section in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV

    CMS Collaboration, “Measurement of the semileptonic t t+γproduction cross-section in pp collisions at √s=8 TeV”,JHEP10(2017) 006,doi:10.1007/JHEP10(2017)006, arXiv:1706.08128

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1007/jhep10(2017)006 2017

  15. [15]

    Measurement of the inclusive and differential t tγcross sections in the dilepton channel and effective field theory interpretation in proton-proton collisions at √s=13 TeV

    CMS Collaboration, “Measurement of the inclusive and differential t tγcross sections in the dilepton channel and effective field theory interpretation in proton-proton collisions at √s=13 TeV”,JHEP05(2022) 091,doi:10.1007/JHEP05(2022)091, arXiv:2201.07301

    work page doi:10.1007/jhep05(2022)091 2022

  16. [16]

    Measurement of the inclusive and differential t tγcross sections in the single-lepton channel and EFT interpretation at √s=13 TeV

    CMS Collaboration, “Measurement of the inclusive and differential t tγcross sections in the single-lepton channel and EFT interpretation at √s=13 TeV”,JHEP12(2021) 180, doi:10.1007/JHEP12(2021)180,arXiv:2107.01508

    work page doi:10.1007/jhep12(2021)180 2021

  17. [17]

    Measurements of inclusive and differential fiducial cross-sections of $t\bar{t}\gamma$ production in leptonic final states at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV in ATLAS

    ATLAS Collaboration, “Measurements of inclusive and differential fiducial cross-sections of ttγproduction in leptonic final states at √s=13 TeV in ATLAS”,Eur. Phys. J. C79 (2019) 382,doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-019-6849-6,arXiv:1812.01697

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-019-6849-6 2019

  18. [18]

    Measurements of inclusive and differential cross-sections of combined ttγand tWγproduction in the eµchannel at 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector

    ATLAS Collaboration, “Measurements of inclusive and differential cross-sections of combined ttγand tWγproduction in the eµchannel at 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector”, JHEP09(2020) 049,doi:10.1007/JHEP09(2020)049,arXiv:2007.06946

    work page doi:10.1007/jhep09(2020)049 2020

  19. [19]

    Measurement of the charge asymmetry in top-quark pair production in association with a photon with the ATLAS experiment

    ATLAS Collaboration, “Measurement of the charge asymmetry in top-quark pair production in association with a photon with the ATLAS experiment”,Phys. Lett. B843 (2023) 137848,doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2023.137848,arXiv:2212.10552

    work page doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2023.137848 2023

  20. [20]

    HEPData record for this analysis, 2025.doi:10.17182/hepdata.157848

    work page doi:10.17182/hepdata.157848 2025

  21. [21]

    The CMS experiment at the CERN LHC

    CMS Collaboration, “The CMS experiment at the CERN LHC”,JINST3(2008) S08004, doi:10.1088/1748-0221/3/08/S08004. References 29

    work page doi:10.1088/1748-0221/3/08/s08004 2008

  22. [22]

    Development of the CMS detector for the CERN LHC Run 3

    CMS Collaboration, “Development of the CMS detector for the CERN LHC Run 3”, JINST19(2024) P05064,doi:10.1088/1748-0221/19/05/P05064, arXiv:2309.05466

    work page doi:10.1088/1748-0221/19/05/p05064 2024

  23. [23]

    Performance of the CMS Level-1 trigger in proton-proton collisions at √s=13 TeV

    CMS Collaboration, “Performance of the CMS Level-1 trigger in proton-proton collisions at √s=13 TeV”,JINST15(2020) P10017,doi:10.1088/1748-0221/15/10/P10017, arXiv:2006.10165

    work page doi:10.1088/1748-0221/15/10/p10017 2020

  24. [24]

    The CMS trigger system

    CMS Collaboration, “The CMS trigger system”,JINST12(2017) P01020, doi:10.1088/1748-0221/12/01/P01020,arXiv:1609.02366

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1088/1748-0221/12/01/p01020 2017

  25. [25]

    Performance of the CMS high-level trigger during LHC Run 2

    CMS Collaboration, “Performance of the CMS high-level trigger during LHC Run 2”, JINST19(2024) P11021,doi:10.1088/1748-0221/19/11/P11021, arXiv:2410.17038

    work page doi:10.1088/1748-0221/19/11/p11021 2024

  26. [26]

    The automated computation of tree-level and next-to-leading order differential cross sections, and their matching to parton shower simulations

    J. Alwall et al., “The automated computation of tree-level and next-to-leading order differential cross sections, and their matching to parton shower simulations”,JHEP07 (2014) 079,doi:10.1007/JHEP07(2014)079,arXiv:1405.0301

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1007/jhep07(2014)079 2014

  27. [27]

    Automatic spin-entangled decays of heavy resonances in Monte Carlo simulations

    P . Artoisenet, R. Frederix, O. Mattelaer, and R. Rietkerk, “Automatic spin-entangled decays of heavy resonances in Monte Carlo simulations”,JHEP03(2013) 015, doi:10.1007/JHEP03(2013)015,arXiv:1212.3460

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1007/jhep03(2013)015 2013

  28. [28]

    Automated simulations beyond the standard model: supersymmetry

    S. Frixione et al., “Automated simulations beyond the standard model: supersymmetry”, JHEP12(2019) 008,doi:10.1007/JHEP12(2019)008,arXiv:1907.04898

    work page doi:10.1007/jhep12(2019)008 2019

  29. [29]

    A New Method for Combining NLO QCD with Shower Monte Carlo Algorithms

    P . Nason, “A new method for combining NLO QCD with shower Monte Carlo algorithms”,JHEP11(2004) 040,doi:10.1088/1126-6708/2004/11/040, arXiv:hep-ph/0409146

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1088/1126-6708/2004/11/040 2004

  30. [30]

    Matching NLO QCD computations with Parton Shower simulations: the POWHEG method

    S. Frixione, P . Nason, and C. Oleari, “Matching NLO QCD computations with parton shower simulations: thePOWHEGmethod”,JHEP11(2007) 070, doi:10.1088/1126-6708/2007/11/070,arXiv:0709.2092

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1088/1126-6708/2007/11/070 2007

  31. [31]

    A general framework for implementing NLO calculations in shower Monte Carlo programs: the POWHEG BOX

    S. Alioli, P . Nason, C. Oleari, and E. Re, “A general framework for implementing NLO calculations in shower Monte Carlo programs: thePOWHEG BOX”,JHEP06(2010) 043, doi:10.1007/JHEP06(2010)043,arXiv:1002.2581

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1007/jhep06(2010)043 2010

  32. [32]

    Top++: a program for the calculation of the top-pair cross-section at hadron colliders

    M. Czakon and A. Mitov, “TOP++: a program for the calculation of the top-pair cross-section at hadron colliders”,Comput. Phys. Commun.185(2014) 2930, doi:10.1016/j.cpc.2014.06.021,arXiv:1112.5675

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1016/j.cpc.2014.06.021 2014

  33. [33]

    Hadronic top-quark pair production with NNLL threshold resummation

    M. Beneke, P . Falgari, S. Klein, and C. Schwinn, “Hadronic top-quark pair production with NNLL threshold resummation”,Nucl. Phys. B855(2012) 695, doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2011.10.021,arXiv:1109.1536

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2011.10.021 2012

  34. [34]

    Top-pair production at hadron colliders with next-to-next-to-leading logarithmic soft-gluon resummation

    M. Cacciari et al., “Top-pair production at hadron colliders with next-to-next-to-leading logarithmic soft-gluon resummation”,Phys. Lett. B710(2012) 612, doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2012.03.013,arXiv:1111.5869

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2012.03.013 2012

  35. [35]

    NNLO corrections to top-pair production at hadron colliders: the all-fermionic scattering channels

    M. Czakon and A. Mitov, “NNLO corrections to top-pair production at hadron colliders: the all-fermionic scattering channels”,JHEP12(2012) 054, doi:10.1007/JHEP12(2012)054,arXiv:1207.0236. 30

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1007/jhep12(2012)054 2012

  36. [36]

    NNLO corrections to top pair production at hadron colliders: the quark-gluon reaction

    M. Czakon and A. Mitov, “NNLO corrections to top pair production at hadron colliders: the quark-gluon reaction”,JHEP01(2013) 080,doi:10.1007/JHEP01(2013)080, arXiv:1210.6832

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1007/jhep01(2013)080 2013

  37. [37]

    The total top quark pair production cross-section at hadron colliders through O(alpha_S^4)

    M. Czakon, P . Fiedler, and A. Mitov, “Total top-quark pair-production cross section at hadron colliders throughO(α S 4)”,Phys. Rev. Lett.110(2013) 252004, doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.110.252004,arXiv:1303.6254

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1103/physrevlett.110.252004 2013

  38. [38]

    Top-pair production at the LHC through NNLO QCD and NLO EW

    M. Czakon et al., “Top-pair production at the LHC through NNLO QCD and NLO EW”, JHEP10(2017) 186,doi:10.1007/JHEP10(2017)186,arXiv:1705.04105

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1007/jhep10(2017)186 2017

  39. [39]

    fastNLO tables for NNLO top-quark pair differential distributions

    M. Czakon, D. Heymes, and A. Mitov, “fastNLO tables for NNLO top-quark pair differential distributions”, 2017.arXiv:1704.08551

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 2017

  40. [40]

    High-precision differential predictions for top-quark pairs at the LHC

    M. Czakon, D. Heymes, and A. Mitov, “High-precision differential predictions for top-quark pairs at the LHC”,Phys. Rev. Lett.116(2016) 082003, doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.116.082003,arXiv:1511.00549

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1103/physrevlett.116.082003 2016

  41. [41]

    Dynamical scales for multi-TeV top-pair production at the LHC

    M. Czakon, D. Heymes, and A. Mitov, “Dynamical scales for multi-TeV top-pair production at the LHC”,JHEP04(2017) 071,doi:10.1007/JHEP04(2017)071, arXiv:1606.03350

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1007/jhep04(2017)071 2017

  42. [42]

    An Introduction to PYTHIA 8.2

    T. Sj ¨ostrand et al., “An introduction toPYTHIA8.2”,Comput. Phys. Commun.191(2015) 159,doi:10.1016/j.cpc.2015.01.024,arXiv:1410.3012

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1016/j.cpc.2015.01.024 2015

  43. [43]

    Measurement of the top quark mass using proton-proton data at sqrt(s) = 7 and 8 TeV

    CMS Collaboration, “Measurement of the top quark mass using proton-proton data at√s=7 and 8 TeV”,Phys. Rev. D93(2016) 072004, doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.93.072004,arXiv:1509.04044

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1103/physrevd.93.072004 2016

  44. [44]

    Tuning PYTHIA 8.1: the Monash 2013 Tune

    P . Skands, S. Carrazza, and J. Rojo, “TuningPYTHIA8.1: the Monash 2013 tune”,Eur. Phys. J. C74(2014) 3024,doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-014-3024-y, arXiv:1404.5630

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-014-3024-y 2013

  45. [45]

    Event generator tunes obtained from underlying event and multiparton scattering measurements

    CMS Collaboration, “Event generator tunes obtained from underlying event and multiparton scattering measurements”,Eur. Phys. J. C76(2016) 155, doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-016-3988-x,arXiv:1512.00815

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-016-3988-x 2016

  46. [46]

    Extraction and validation of a new set of CMSPYTHIA8 tunes from underlying-event measurements

    CMS Collaboration, “Extraction and validation of a new set of CMSPYTHIA8 tunes from underlying-event measurements”,Eur. Phys. J. C80(2020) 4, doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-019-7499-4,arXiv:1903.12179

    work page doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-019-7499-4 2020

  47. [47]

    Parton distributions from high-precision collider data

    NNPDF Collaboration, “Parton distributions from high-precision collider data”,Eur. Phys. J. C77(2017) 663,doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-017-5199-5, arXiv:1706.00428

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-017-5199-5 2017

  48. [48]

    Comparative study of various algorithms for the merging of parton showers and matrix elements in hadronic collisions

    J. Alwall et al., “Comparative study of various algorithms for the merging of parton showers and matrix elements in hadronic collisions”,Eur. Phys. J. C53(2008) 473, doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-007-0490-5,arXiv:0706.2569

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-007-0490-5 2008

  49. [49]

    Merging meets matching in MC@NLO

    R. Frederix and S. Frixione, “Merging meets matching inMC@NLO”,JHEP12(2012) 061, doi:10.1007/JHEP12(2012)061,arXiv:1209.6215

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1007/jhep12(2012)061 2012

  50. [50]

    GEANT4 — a simulation toolkit

    GEANT4 Collaboration, “GEANT4—a simulation toolkit”,Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A506 (2003) 250,doi:10.1016/S0168-9002(03)01368-8. References 31

    work page doi:10.1016/s0168-9002(03)01368-8 2003

  51. [51]

    Measurement of the inelastic proton-proton cross section at $\sqrt{s}=$ 13 TeV

    CMS Collaboration, “Measurement of the inelastic proton-proton cross section at√s=13 TeV”,JHEP07(2018) 161,doi:10.1007/JHEP07(2018)161, arXiv:1802.02613

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1007/jhep07(2018)161 2018

  52. [52]

    Technical proposal for the Phase-II upgrade of the Compact Muon Solenoid

    CMS Collaboration, “Technical proposal for the Phase-II upgrade of the Compact Muon Solenoid”, CMS Technical Proposal CERN-LHCC-2015-010, CMS-TDR-15-02, 2015. doi:10.17181/CERN.VU8I.D59J

    work page doi:10.17181/cern.vu8i.d59j 2015

  53. [53]

    Particle-flow reconstruction and global event description with the CMS detector

    CMS Collaboration, “Particle-flow reconstruction and global event description with the CMS detector”,JINST12(2017) P10003,doi:10.1088/1748-0221/12/10/P10003, arXiv:1706.04965

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1088/1748-0221/12/10/p10003 2017

  54. [54]

    Electron and photon reconstruction and identification with the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC

    CMS Collaboration, “Electron and photon reconstruction and identification with the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC”,JINST16(2021) P05014, doi:10.1088/1748-0221/16/05/P05014,arXiv:2012.06888

    work page doi:10.1088/1748-0221/16/05/p05014 2021

  55. [55]

    ECAL 2016 refined calibration and Run 2 summary plots

    CMS Collaboration, “ECAL 2016 refined calibration and Run 2 summary plots”, CMS Detector Performance Note CMS-DP-2020-021, 2020

    work page 2016

  56. [56]

    Performance of the CMS muon detector and muon reconstruction with proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}=$ 13 TeV

    CMS Collaboration, “Performance of the CMS muon detector and muon reconstruction with proton-proton collisions at √s=13 TeV”,JINST13(2018) P06015, doi:10.1088/1748-0221/13/06/P06015,arXiv:1804.04528

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1088/1748-0221/13/06/p06015 2018

  57. [57]

    Performance of the CMS electromagnetic calorimeter in pp collisions at √s=13 TeV

    CMS Collaboration, “Performance of the CMS electromagnetic calorimeter in pp collisions at √s=13 TeV”,JINST19(2024) P09004, doi:10.1088/1748-0221/19/09/P09004,arXiv:2403.15518

    work page doi:10.1088/1748-0221/19/09/p09004 2024

  58. [58]

    Electron and photon performance in CMS with the full 2016 data sample

    CMS Collaboration, “Electron and photon performance in CMS with the full 2016 data sample”, CMS Detector Performance Note CMS-DP-2017-004, 2017

    work page 2016

  59. [59]

    Performance of electron and photon reconstruction in Run 2 with the CMS experiment

    CMS Collaboration, “Performance of electron and photon reconstruction in Run 2 with the CMS experiment”, CMS Detector Performance Note CMS-DP-2020-037, 2020

    work page 2020

  60. [60]

    The anti-k_t jet clustering algorithm

    M. Cacciari, G. P . Salam, and G. Soyez, “The anti-kT jet clustering algorithm”,JHEP04 (2008) 063,doi:10.1088/1126-6708/2008/04/063,arXiv:0802.1189

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1088/1126-6708/2008/04/063 2008

  61. [61]

    FastJet user manual

    M. Cacciari, G. P . Salam, and G. Soyez, “FASTJETuser manual”,Eur. Phys. J. C72(2012) 1896,doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-012-1896-2,arXiv:1111.6097

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-012-1896-2 2012

  62. [62]

    Jet algorithms performance in 13 TeV data

    CMS Collaboration, “Jet algorithms performance in 13 TeV data”, CMS Physics Analysis Summary CMS-PAS-JME-16-003, 2017

    work page 2017

  63. [63]

    Determination of Jet Energy Calibration and Transverse Momentum Resolution in CMS

    CMS Collaboration, “Determination of jet energy calibration and transverse momentum resolution in CMS”,JINST6(2011) P11002, doi:10.1088/1748-0221/6/11/P11002,arXiv:1107.4277

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1088/1748-0221/6/11/p11002 2011

  64. [64]

    Identification of heavy-flavour jets with the CMS detector in pp collisions at 13 TeV

    CMS Collaboration, “Identification of heavy-flavour jets with the CMS detector in pp collisions at 13 TeV”,JINST13(2018) P05011, doi:10.1088/1748-0221/13/05/P05011,arXiv:1712.07158

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1088/1748-0221/13/05/p05011 2018

  65. [65]

    Jet flavour classification using DeepJet

    E. Bols et al., “Jet flavour classification using DeepJet”,JINST15(2020) P12012, doi:10.1088/1748-0221/15/12/P12012,arXiv:2008.10519

    work page doi:10.1088/1748-0221/15/12/p12012 2020

  66. [66]

    Performance summary of AK4 jet b tagging with data from proton-proton collisions at 13 TeV with the CMS detector

    CMS Collaboration, “Performance summary of AK4 jet b tagging with data from proton-proton collisions at 13 TeV with the CMS detector”, CMS Detector Performance Note CMS-DP-2023-005, 2023. 32

    work page 2023

  67. [67]

    Performance of missing transverse momentum reconstruction in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} =$ 13 TeV using the CMS detector

    CMS Collaboration, “Performance of missing transverse momentum reconstruction in proton-proton collisions at √s=13 TeV using the CMS detector”,JINST14(2019) P07004,doi:10.1088/1748-0221/14/07/P07004,arXiv:1903.06078

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1088/1748-0221/14/07/p07004 2019

  68. [68]

    Jet energy scale and resolution in the CMS experiment in pp collisions at 8 TeV

    CMS Collaboration, “Jet energy scale and resolution in the CMS experiment in pp collisions at 8 TeV”,JINST12(2017) P02014, doi:10.1088/1748-0221/12/02/P02014,arXiv:1607.03663

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1088/1748-0221/12/02/p02014 2017

  69. [69]

    Review of top quark mass measurements in CMS

    CMS Collaboration, “Review of top quark mass measurements in CMS”,Phys. Rept. 1115(2025) 116,doi:10.1016/j.physrep.2024.12.002,arXiv:2403.01313

    work page doi:10.1016/j.physrep.2024.12.002 2025

  70. [70]

    Review of particle physics

    Particle Data Group, S. Navas et al., “Review of particle physics”,Phys. Rev. D110 (2024) 030001,doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.110.030001

    work page doi:10.1103/physrevd.110.030001 2024

  71. [71]

    Measurement of the top quark polarization and t t spin correlations using dilepton final states in proton-proton collisions at √s=13 TeV

    CMS Collaboration, “Measurement of the top quark polarization and t t spin correlations using dilepton final states in proton-proton collisions at √s=13 TeV”,Phys. Rev. D100 (2019) 072002,doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.100.072002,arXiv:1907.03729

    work page doi:10.1103/physrevd.100.072002 2019

  72. [72]

    Precision luminosity measurement in proton-proton collisions at√s=13 TeV in 2015 and 2016 at CMS

    CMS Collaboration, “Precision luminosity measurement in proton-proton collisions at√s=13 TeV in 2015 and 2016 at CMS”,Eur. Phys. J. C81(2021) 800, doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-021-09538-2,arXiv:2104.01927

    work page doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-021-09538-2 2015

  73. [73]

    CMS luminosity measurement for the 2017 data-taking period at√s=13 TeV

    CMS Collaboration, “CMS luminosity measurement for the 2017 data-taking period at√s=13 TeV”, CMS Physics Analysis Summary CMS-PAS-LUM-17-004, 2018

    work page 2017

  74. [74]

    CMS luminosity measurement for the 2018 data-taking period at√s=13 TeV

    CMS Collaboration, “CMS luminosity measurement for the 2018 data-taking period at√s=13 TeV”, CMS Physics Analysis Summary CMS-PAS-LUM-18-002, 2019

    work page 2018

  75. [75]

    Fitting using finite Monte Carlo samples

    R. Barlow and C. Beeston, “Fitting using finite Monte Carlo samples”,Comput. Phys. Commun.77(1993) 219,doi:10.1016/0010-4655(93)90005-W

    work page doi:10.1016/0010-4655(93)90005-w 1993

  76. [76]

    Parton distributions for the LHC Run II

    NNPDF Collaboration, “Parton distributions for the LHC run II”,JHEP04(2015) 040, doi:10.1007/JHEP04(2015)040,arXiv:1410.8849

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1007/jhep04(2015)040 2015

  77. [77]

    Measurement of the electroweak production of Zγand two jets in proton-proton collisions at √s=13 TeV and constraints on anomalous quartic gauge couplings

    CMS Collaboration, “Measurement of the electroweak production of Zγand two jets in proton-proton collisions at √s=13 TeV and constraints on anomalous quartic gauge couplings”,Phys. Rev. D104(2021) 072001,doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.104.072001, arXiv:2106.11082

    work page doi:10.1103/physrevd.104.072001 2021

  78. [78]

    The CMS statistical analysis and combination tool: Combine

    CMS Collaboration, “The CMS statistical analysis and combination tool:COMBINE”, Comput. Softw. Big Sci.8(2024) 19,doi:10.1007/s41781-024-00121-4, arXiv:2404.06614

    work page doi:10.1007/s41781-024-00121-4 2024

  79. [79]

    Unfolding methods in particle physics

    V . Blobel, “Unfolding methods in particle physics”, inProc. 2011 Workshop on Statistical Issues Related to Discovery Claims in Search Experiments and Unfolding (PHYSTAT 2011): Geneva, Switzerland, January 17–20, 2011, p. 240. 2011.doi:10.5170/CERN-2011-006

    work page doi:10.5170/cern-2011-006 2011

  80. [80]

    Object definitions for top quark analyses at the particle level

    CMS Collaboration, “Object definitions for top quark analyses at the particle level”, CMS Note CMS-NOTE-2017-004, 2017

    work page 2017

Showing first 80 references.