Recognition: unknown
IMPACT: A Dataset for Multi-Granularity Human Procedural Action Understanding in Industrial Assembly
Pith reviewed 2026-05-10 16:18 UTC · model grok-4.3
The pith
The IMPACT dataset records real angle-grinder assembly with five synchronized RGB-D views, hand-specific actions, state changes, and explicit error-recovery sequences.
A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.
Core claim
IMPACT is the first real industrial assembly benchmark that jointly provides synchronized ego-exo RGB-D capture, decoupled bimanual annotation, compliance-aware state tracking, and explicit anomaly-recovery supervision within a single real industrial workflow. It comprises 112 trials from 13 participants totaling 39.5 hours, with multi-route execution governed by a partial-order prerequisite graph, a six-category anomaly taxonomy, and operator cognitive load measured via NASA-TLX. The annotation hierarchy links hand-specific atomic actions to coarse procedural steps, component assembly states, and per-hand compliance phases, with synchronized null spans across views to decouple perceptual 1.
What carries the argument
The IMPACT dataset, which supplies synchronized five-view RGB-D video together with a hierarchy of annotations that links atomic hand actions to procedural steps, assembly states, compliance phases, and anomaly-recovery events.
If this is right
- Existing action-recognition and state-tracking methods exhibit fundamental limitations under incomplete observations, variable execution orders, and corrective behavior.
- The dataset enables joint evaluation of atomic action recognition, procedural step segmentation, component state tracking, and anomaly handling within one workflow.
- Synchronized null spans allow separation of perceptual failures from algorithmic ones across camera views.
- The partial-order graph and six-category anomaly taxonomy support testing of methods that must accommodate flexible routes and recovery sequences.
Where Pith is reading between the lines
- Robotics researchers could use the bimanual and compliance annotations to train systems that anticipate and assist human operators during assembly.
- The multi-granularity labels might support curriculum-style training where models first learn atomic actions before progressing to full procedures.
- Extending the capture setup to additional tools or factories could test whether the observed limitations generalize beyond this specific workflow.
- The NASA-TLX scores open the possibility of studying how cognitive load correlates with anomaly frequency or recovery time.
Load-bearing premise
The chosen angle-grinder assembly task and the pool of 13 participants sufficiently represent the diversity of real industrial procedures and worker behaviors.
What would settle it
A model achieving comparable accuracy on IMPACT using only single-view input and ignoring anomaly labels would indicate that the multi-view and recovery annotations do not expose new limitations beyond existing single-task benchmarks.
Figures
read the original abstract
We introduce IMPACT, a synchronized five-view RGB-D dataset for deployment-oriented industrial procedural understanding, built around real assembly and disassembly of a commercial angle grinder with professional-grade tools. To our knowledge, IMPACT is the first real industrial assembly benchmark that jointly provides synchronized ego-exo RGB-D capture, decoupled bimanual annotation, compliance-aware state tracking, and explicit anomaly--recovery supervision within a single real industrial workflow. It comprises 112 trials from 13 participants totaling 39.5 hours, with multi-route execution governed by a partial-order prerequisite graph, a six-category anomaly taxonomy, and operator cognitive load measured via NASA-TLX. The annotation hierarchy links hand-specific atomic actions to coarse procedural steps, component assembly states, and per-hand compliance phases, with synchronized null spans across views to decouple perceptual limitations from algorithmic failure. Systematic baselines reveal fundamental limitations that remain invisible to single-task benchmarks, particularly under realistic deployment conditions that involve incomplete observations, flexible execution paths, and corrective behavior. The full dataset, annotations, and evaluation code are available at https://github.com/Kratos-Wen/IMPACT.
Editorial analysis
A structured set of objections, weighed in public.
Referee Report
Summary. The paper introduces IMPACT, a synchronized five-view RGB-D dataset for industrial procedural action understanding built on real assembly/disassembly of a commercial angle grinder. It provides 112 trials (39.5 hours) from 13 participants with multi-granularity annotations (atomic bimanual actions, procedural steps, component states, compliance phases), a partial-order execution graph, a six-category anomaly taxonomy with recovery supervision, and NASA-TLX cognitive load measures. Baselines demonstrate limitations of existing methods under flexible paths, incomplete observations, and corrective behavior; the full dataset, annotations, and code are released publicly.
Significance. If the annotations prove reliable, IMPACT would be a valuable addition to the field by supplying the first real industrial workflow dataset that jointly offers ego-exo RGB-D synchronization, decoupled bimanual labels, compliance-aware state tracking, and explicit anomaly-recovery supervision. The public release with evaluation code and the demonstration of baseline shortcomings under realistic deployment conditions are clear strengths that could support reproducible research on multi-granularity procedural understanding.
major comments (3)
- [§4] §4 (Annotation Pipeline): Inter-annotator agreement scores are not reported for the decoupled bimanual atomic actions, compliance phases, or the six-category anomaly taxonomy. Without these metrics, the reliability of the multi-granularity hierarchy and the explicit anomaly-recovery supervision cannot be assessed, which is load-bearing for the dataset's claimed utility.
- [§5.2] §5.2 (Baseline Experiments): The quantitative results show performance degradation under incomplete observations and flexible paths, but the paper does not provide ablations isolating the contribution of each novel element (e.g., compliance-aware tracking vs. standard action labels). This weakens the claim that the observed limitations are specifically due to the dataset's unique features rather than general task difficulty.
- [Table 1] Table 1 and §3.1: The participant pool (13 individuals) and single assembly task are described, but no analysis is given of how well they represent broader industrial variability (tool types, workflow complexity, operator expertise). This directly affects the generalizability asserted for deployment-oriented use cases.
minor comments (3)
- [§2] The related-work section should include a more explicit tabular comparison against recent industrial or procedural datasets (e.g., on the dimensions of ego-exo sync, bimanual decoupling, and anomaly supervision) to strengthen the 'to our knowledge' novelty statement.
- [§3.3] NASA-TLX scores are collected but not correlated with annotation quality or baseline performance; a brief analysis would help readers understand the cognitive-load dimension.
- [Figure 3] Figure captions for the multi-view synchronization examples could be expanded to clarify how null spans are used to decouple perceptual from algorithmic failure.
Simulated Author's Rebuttal
We thank the referee for the positive evaluation and recommendation for minor revision. The comments are constructive and help clarify the strengths and scope of IMPACT. We address each major comment point-by-point below, indicating revisions where they strengthen the manuscript without misrepresenting the work.
read point-by-point responses
-
Referee: [§4] §4 (Annotation Pipeline): Inter-annotator agreement scores are not reported for the decoupled bimanual atomic actions, compliance phases, or the six-category anomaly taxonomy. Without these metrics, the reliability of the multi-granularity hierarchy and the explicit anomaly-recovery supervision cannot be assessed, which is load-bearing for the dataset's claimed utility.
Authors: We agree that quantitative inter-annotator agreement (IAA) is essential to substantiate annotation reliability. The original manuscript described the multi-stage pipeline and quality controls but did not include the numerical IAA results. We have computed Cohen's kappa and raw agreement percentages on a held-out subset of trials independently annotated by two annotators for atomic bimanual actions, compliance phases, and anomaly categories. These scores (all above 0.75) and a brief discussion of annotation consistency will be inserted into §4 of the revised manuscript, directly supporting the utility of the multi-granularity hierarchy and anomaly-recovery supervision. revision: yes
-
Referee: [§5.2] §5.2 (Baseline Experiments): The quantitative results show performance degradation under incomplete observations and flexible paths, but the paper does not provide ablations isolating the contribution of each novel element (e.g., compliance-aware tracking vs. standard action labels). This weakens the claim that the observed limitations are specifically due to the dataset's unique features rather than general task difficulty.
Authors: We acknowledge that explicit ablations would more precisely attribute performance drops to specific dataset features. The baselines in §5.2 were chosen to expose challenges that standard single-task benchmarks overlook (incomplete views, partial-order flexibility, corrective actions). In the revision we will add a targeted ablation in §5.2 comparing a compliance-aware model against its non-compliance counterpart on the same splits; the results demonstrate a measurable gap attributable to compliance state tracking. This addition clarifies that the reported limitations arise from IMPACT's distinctive characteristics rather than generic task hardness. revision: yes
-
Referee: [Table 1] Table 1 and §3.1: The participant pool (13 individuals) and single assembly task are described, but no analysis is given of how well they represent broader industrial variability (tool types, workflow complexity, operator expertise). This directly affects the generalizability asserted for deployment-oriented use cases.
Authors: The dataset is deliberately scoped to a single, representative industrial workflow (angle-grinder assembly/disassembly) performed by 13 participants with documented expertise variation, as stated in §3.1 and Table 1. A full cross-tool, cross-complexity analysis would require an expanded multi-task corpus that exceeds the present contribution. We have added a concise limitations paragraph in the revised §3.1 and conclusion that explicitly qualifies the generalizability claims, positions IMPACT as a controlled benchmark for deployment-oriented methods, and outlines planned extensions to additional industrial tasks. This clarifies scope without overstating breadth. revision: partial
Circularity Check
No significant circularity
full rationale
The paper is a dataset introduction paper whose central claim is the factual novelty of jointly supplying synchronized ego-exo RGB-D, decoupled bimanual annotation, compliance-aware state tracking, and anomaly-recovery supervision inside one real industrial workflow. No equations, parameters, predictions, or derivation steps appear in the provided text. The 'to our knowledge' phrasing is a standard qualified novelty statement rather than a reduction to prior fitted quantities or self-citations. No load-bearing steps reduce by construction to the paper's own inputs, and the contribution is self-contained as a data release.
Axiom & Free-Parameter Ledger
axioms (1)
- domain assumption Standard practices for RGB-D data synchronization and multi-view annotation in action recognition datasets are valid and sufficient.
Forward citations
Cited by 2 Pith papers
-
IMPACT-Scribe: Interactive Temporal Action Segmentation with Boundary Scribbles and Query Planning
IMPACT-Scribe is a correction-driven interactive system that combines uncertainty-aware boundary scribbles, local proposal modeling, cost-aware query planning, structured propagation, and correction-driven adaptation ...
-
IMPACT-HOI: Supervisory Control for Onset-Anchored Partial HOI Event Construction
IMPACT-HOI introduces a supervisory control framework for constructing partial HOI event graphs in procedural videos via trust-calibrated automation and atomic rollback to reduce manual annotation effort while preserv...
Reference graph
Works this paper leans on
- [1]
-
[2]
Emad Bahrami, Gianpiero Francesca, and Juergen Gall. 2023. How much temporal long-term context is needed for action segmentation?. InProceedings of the IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision. 10351–10361
2023
-
[3]
Shuai Bai, Yuxuan Cai, Ruizhe Chen, Keqin Chen, Xionghui Chen, Zesen Cheng, Lianghao Deng, Wei Ding, Chang Gao, Chunjiang Ge, et al . 2025. Qwen3-vl technical report.arXiv preprint arXiv:2511.21631(2025)
work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 2025
-
[4]
Yizhak Ben-Shabat, Jonathan Paul, Eviatar Segev, Oren Shrout, and Stephen Gould. 2024. Ikea ego 3d dataset: Understanding furniture assembly actions from ego-view 3d point clouds. InProceedings of the IEEE/CVF Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision. 4355–4364
2024
-
[5]
Yizhak Ben-Shabat, Xin Yu, Fatemeh Saleh, Dylan Campbell, Cristian Rodriguez- Opazo, Hongdong Li, and Stephen Gould. 2021. The ikea asm dataset: Un- derstanding people assembling furniture through actions, objects and pose. In W ACV
2021
-
[6]
Joao Carreira and Andrew Zisserman. 2017. Quo vadis, action recognition? a new model and the kinetics dataset. Inproceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. 6299–6308
2017
- [7]
-
[8]
Grazia Cicirelli, Roberto Marani, Laura Romeo, Manuel García Domínguez, Jó- nathan Heras, Anna G Perri, and Tiziana D’Orazio. 2022. The HA4M dataset: Multi-Modal Monitoring of an assembly task for Human Action recognition in Manufacturing.Scientific Data9, 1 (2022), 745
2022
-
[9]
Dima Damen, Hazel Doughty, Giovanni Maria Farinella, , Antonino Furnari, Jian Ma, Evangelos Kazakos, Davide Moltisanti, Jonathan Munro, Toby Perrett, Will Price, and Michael Wray. 2022. Rescaling Egocentric Vision.International Journal of Computer Vision130, 1 (2022), 33–55
2022
-
[10]
Dima Damen, Hazel Doughty, Giovanni Maria Farinella, Sanja Fidler, Antonino Furnari, Evangelos Kazakos, Davide Moltisanti, Jonathan Munro, Toby Perrett, Will Price, et al. 2018. Scaling egocentric vision: The epic-kitchens dataset. In Proceedings of the European conference on computer vision (ECCV). 720–736
2018
-
[11]
Yazan Abu Farha and Jurgen Gall. 2019. Ms-tcn: Multi-stage temporal convolu- tional network for action segmentation. InProceedings of the IEEE/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition. 3575–3584
2019
-
[12]
Alessandro Flaborea, Guido Maria D’Amely Di Melendugno, Leonardo Plini, Luca Scofano, Edoardo De Matteis, Antonino Furnari, Giovanni Maria Farinella, and Fabio Galasso. 2024. Prego: online mistake detection in procedural egocentric videos. InProceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. 18483–18492
2024
-
[13]
Ziliang Gan, Lei Jin, Lei Nie, Zheng Wang, Li Zhou, Liang Li, Zhecan Wang, Jianshu Li, Junliang Xing, and Jian Zhao. 2024. ASQuery: A query-based model for action segmentation. In2024 IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo (ICME). IEEE, i–vi
2024
-
[14]
Rohit Girdhar and Kristen Grauman. 2021. Anticipative video transformer. In Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF international conference on computer vision. 13505– 13515
2021
-
[15]
Kristen Grauman, Andrew Westbury, Eugene Byrne, Zachary Chavis, Antonino Furnari, Rohit Girdhar, Jackson Hamburger, Hao Jiang, Miao Liu, Xingyu Liu, et al. 2022. Ego4d: Around the world in 3,000 hours of egocentric video. In Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition. 18995–19012
2022
-
[16]
Kristen Grauman, Andrew Westbury, Lorenzo Torresani, Kris Kitani, Jitendra Malik, Triantafyllos Afouras, Kumar Ashutosh, Vijay Baiyya, Siddhant Bansal, Bikram Boote, et al. 2024. Ego-exo4d: Understanding skilled human activity from first-and third-person perspectives. InCVPR
2024
-
[17]
Wei-Jin Huang, Yuan-Ming Li, Zhi-Wei Xia, Yu-Ming Tang, Kun-Yu Lin, Jian-Fang Hu, and Wei-Shi Zheng. 2025. Modeling multiple normal action representations for error detection in procedural tasks. InProceedings of the Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Conference. 27794–27804
2025
-
[18]
Yifei Huang, Guo Chen, Jilan Xu, Mingfang Zhang, Lijin Yang, Baoqi Pei, Hongjie Zhang, Lu Dong, Yali Wang, Limin Wang, et al. 2024. Egoexolearn: A dataset for bridging asynchronous ego-and exo-centric view of procedural activities in real world. InProceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. 22072–22086
2024
-
[19]
Sanghwan Kim, Daoji Huang, Yongqin Xian, Otmar Hilliges, Luc Van Gool, and Xi Wang. 2024. PALM: Predicting Actions through Language Models. InECCV. 140–158. doi:10.1007/978-3-031-73007-8_9
-
[20]
Colin Lea, Michael D Flynn, Rene Vidal, Austin Reiter, and Gregory D Hager
-
[21]
Inproceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Temporal convolutional networks for action segmentation and detection. Inproceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. 156–165
-
[22]
Shih-Po Lee and Ehsan Elhamifar. 2025. Error recognition in procedural videos using generalized task graph. InProceedings of the IEEE/CVF International Con- ference on Computer Vision. 10009–10021
2025
-
[23]
Shih-Po Lee, Zijia Lu, Zekun Zhang, Minh Hoai, and Ehsan Elhamifar. 2024. Error detection in egocentric procedural task videos. InProceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. 18655–18666
2024
-
[24]
Shi-Jie Li, Yazan AbuFarha, Yun Liu, Ming-Ming Cheng, and Juergen Gall. 2020. MS-TCN++: Multi-Stage Temporal Convolutional Network for Action Segmenta- tion.IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence(2020), 1–1. doi:10.1109/TPAMI.2020.3021756
-
[25]
Yanghao Li, Tushar Nagarajan, Bo Xiong, and Kristen Grauman. 2021. Ego-exo: Transferring visual representations from third-person to first-person videos. In Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recogni- tion. 6943–6953
2021
-
[26]
Yanghao Li, Chao-Yuan Wu, Haoqi Fan, Karttikeya Mangalam, Bo Xiong, Jitendra Malik, and Christoph Feichtenhofer. 2022. Mvitv2: Improved multiscale vision transformers for classification and detection. InProceedings of the IEEE/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition. 4804–4814
2022
-
[27]
Daochang Liu, Qiyue Li, Anh-Dung Dinh, Tingting Jiang, Mubarak Shah, and Chang Xu. 2023. Diffusion action segmentation. InProceedings of the IEEE/CVF international conference on computer vision. 10139–10149
2023
-
[28]
Zijia Lu and Ehsan Elhamifar. 2024. Fact: Frame-action cross-attention tempo- ral modeling for efficient action segmentation. InProceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. 18175–18185
2024
-
[29]
Jungin Park, Jiyoung Lee, and Kwanghoon Sohn. 2025. Bootstrap your own views: Masked ego-exo modeling for fine-grained view-invariant video repre- sentations. InProceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. 13661–13670
2025
-
[30]
Rohith Peddi, Shivvrat Arya, Bharath Challa, Likhitha Pallapothula, Akshay Vyas, Bhavya Gouripeddi, Qifan Zhang, Jikai Wang, Vasundhara Komaragiri, Eric Ragan, et al. 2024. Captaincook4d: A dataset for understanding errors in procedural activities.Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems37 (2024), 135626–135679
2024
-
[31]
Camillo Quattrocchi, Antonino Furnari, Daniele Di Mauro, Mario Valerio Giuf- frida, and Giovanni Maria Farinella. 2024. Synchronization is all you need: Exocentric-to-egocentric transfer for temporal action segmentation with un- labeled synchronized video pairs. InEuropean Conference on Computer Vision. Springer, 253–270
2024
-
[32]
Francesco Ragusa, Antonino Furnari, and Giovanni Maria Farinella. 2023. Mec- cano: A multimodal egocentric dataset for humans behavior understanding in the industrial-like domain.Computer vision and image understanding235 (2023), 103764
2023
-
[33]
Francesco Ragusa, Rosario Leonardi, Michele Mazzamuto, Claudia Bonanno, Rosario Scavo, Antonino Furnari, and Giovanni Maria Farinella. 2024. Enigma-51: Towards a fine-grained understanding of human behavior in industrial scenarios. InProceedings of the IEEE/CVF Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision. 4549–4559
2024
-
[34]
Tim J Schoonbeek, Tim Houben, Hans Onvlee, Fons Van der Sommen, et al. 2024. Industreal: A dataset for procedure step recognition handling execution errors in egocentric videos in an industrial-like setting. InProceedings of the IEEE/CVF Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision. 4365–4374
2024
-
[35]
Tim J Schoonbeek, Shao-Hsuan Hung, Dan Lehman, Hans Onvlee, Jacek Kustra, Peter HN de With, and Fons Van der Sommen. 2025. Learning to recognize correctly completed procedure steps in egocentric assembly videos through spatio-temporal modeling.Computer Vision and Image Understanding(2025), 104528
2025
-
[36]
Fadime Sener, Dibyadip Chatterjee, Daniel Shelepov, Kun He, Dipika Singhania, Robert Wang, and Angela Yao. 2022. Assembly101: A large-scale multi-view video dataset for understanding procedural activities. InCVPR
2022
-
[37]
Gemini Team, Rohan Anil, Sebastian Borgeaud, Jean-Baptiste Alayrac, Jiahui Yu, Radu Soricut, Johan Schalkwyk, Andrew M Dai, Anja Hauth, Katie Millican, et al. 2023. Gemini: a family of highly capable multimodal models.arXiv preprint arXiv:2312.11805(2023)
work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 2023
-
[38]
Hugo Touvron, Louis Martin, Kevin Stone, Peter Albert, et al . 2023. Llama 2: Open Foundation and Fine-Tuned Chat Models.arXiv preprint arXiv:2307.09288 (2023)
work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 2023
-
[39]
Limin Wang, Bingkun Huang, Zhiyu Zhao, Zhan Tong, Yinan He, Yi Wang, Yali Wang, and Yu Qiao. 2023. VideoMAE V2: Scaling Video Masked Autoencoders With Dual Masking. InProceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR). 14549–14560
2023
-
[40]
Xin Wang, Taein Kwon, Mahdi Rad, Bowen Pan, Ishani Chakraborty, Sean An- drist, Dan Bohus, Ashley Feniello, Bugra Tekin, Felipe Vieira Frujeri, et al. 2023. Holoassist: an egocentric human interaction dataset for interactive ai assistants in the real world. InProceedings of the IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision. 20270–20281
2023
-
[41]
Di Wen, Kunyu Peng, Junwei Zheng, Yufan Chen, Yitian Shi, Jiale Wei, Ruiping Liu, Kailun Yang, and Rainer Stiefelhagen. 2025. Mica: Multi-agent industrial coordination assistant.arXiv preprint arXiv:2509.15237(2025). IMPACT: A Dataset for Multi-Granularity Human Procedural Action Understanding in Industrial Assembly
-
[42]
Di Wen, Junwei Zheng, Ruiping Liu, Yi Xu, Kunyu Peng, and Rainer Stiefelhagen
- [43]
-
[44]
Zihui Xue, Kumar Ashutosh, and Kristen Grauman. 2024. Learning object state changes in videos: An open-world perspective. InProceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. 18493–18503
2024
-
[45]
Zihui Sherry Xue and Kristen Grauman. 2023. Learning fine-grained view- invariant representations from unpaired ego-exo videos via temporal alignment. Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems36 (2023), 53688–53710
2023
-
[46]
Qi Zhao, Shijie Wang, Ce Zhang, Changcheng Fu, Minh Quan Do, Nakul Agarwal, Kwonjoon Lee, and Chen Sun. 2024. AntGPT: Can Large Language Models Help Long-term Action Anticipation from Videos?. InICLR
2024
-
[47]
Hao Zheng, Regina Lee, and Yuqian Lu. 2023. Ha-vid: A human assembly video dataset for comprehensive assembly knowledge understanding.NeurIPS(2023)
2023
-
[48]
Zeyun Zhong, Manuel Martin, David Schneider, David J Lerch, Chengzhi Wu, Frederik Diederichs, Juergen Gall, and Jürgen Beyerer. 2026. Scalable Video Action Anticipation with Cross Linear Attentive Memory. InProceedings of the IEEE/CVF Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision. 8113–8123
2026
discussion (0)
Sign in with ORCID, Apple, or X to comment. Anyone can read and Pith papers without signing in.