pith. machine review for the scientific record. sign in

arxiv: 2605.00659 · v1 · submitted 2026-05-01 · 🌌 astro-ph.GA

Recognition: unknown

The NIKA2 Cosmological Legacy Survey in COSMOS: Final 1.2mm and 2mm source catalogs and redshift distribution of dusty star-forming galaxies

C. R. Carvajal-Bohorquez , G. Lagache , A. Beelen , R. Adam , P. Ade , H. Ajeddig , S. Amarantidis , P. Andr\'e
show 59 more authors
M. Aravena H. Aussel A. Beno\^it S. Berta M. B\'ethermin L.-J. Bing A. Bongiovanni J. Bounmy O. Bourrion M. Calvo Caitlin M.Casey A. Catalano D. Ch\'erouvrier U. Chowdhury M. De Petris F.-X. D\'esert S. Doyle E. F. C. Driessen G. Ejlali A.L. Faisst A. Ferragamo A. Gomez J. Goupy C. Hanser Shuowen Jin Jeyhan S. Kartaltepe S. Katsioli F. K\'eruzor\'e C. Kramer B. Ladjelat S. Leclercq J.-F. Lestrade J. F. Mac\'ias-P\'erez S. C. Madden Felix Martinez III A. Maury F. Mayet A. Monfardini A. Moyer-Anin M. Mu\~noz-Echeverr\'ia I. Myserlis R. Neri A. Paliwal L. Perotto G. Pisano N. Ponthieu V. Rev\'eret A. J. Rigby A. Ritacco H. Roussel F. Ruppin M. S\'anchez-Portal S. Savorgnano K. Schuster A. Sievers S. Toft C. Tucker Jorge A. Zavala R. Zylka
Authors on Pith no claims yet

Pith reviewed 2026-05-09 19:05 UTC · model grok-4.3

classification 🌌 astro-ph.GA
keywords NIKA2COSMOSdusty star-forming galaxiesredshift distributionmillimeter observationsgalaxy evolution modelssource catalogshigh-redshift galaxies
0
0 comments X

The pith

The redshift distribution of dusty star-forming galaxies from the NIKA2 COSMOS survey matches the SIDES simulation but is inconsistent with four other models.

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

The paper delivers the final 1.2 mm and 2 mm source catalogs from the NIKA2 Cosmological Legacy Survey in the COSMOS field, covering 1070 arcmin² with deep and uniform sensitivity. They detect 323 sources above a signal-to-noise threshold that ensures over 80 percent purity, secure multi-wavelength identifications for 89 percent of them, and compile redshifts from spectroscopic and photometric data. The distribution for 1.2 mm sources peaks at redshift 2.8, aligning with the peak of cosmic star formation, and this observed distribution agrees well with the SIDES galaxy evolution simulation while ruling out four other models at high statistical significance.

Core claim

N2CLS provides a master catalog of 323 mm-selected sources, including 104 detected in both bands. The redshift distribution peaks at 2.8 ± 0.1 for 1.2 mm sources, with 66 galaxies at z > 4. This distribution is consistent with SIDES simulations but statistically inconsistent with four other galaxy evolution models. The survey's homogeneous coverage distinguishes it as the largest contiguous deep mm survey at this depth, and the data products are released as a legacy resource for studying dust-obscured galaxy evolution.

What carries the argument

The compiled redshift distribution of the mm-selected sources, obtained through cross-matching with high-resolution interferometric and radio data, and its statistical comparison to predictions from different galaxy evolution models.

If this is right

  • The homogeneous coverage reveals that 25% of sources lack SCUBA2 850 μm counterparts due to non-uniform noise in other surveys.
  • Provides a clean sample for studying the physical properties and evolution of high-redshift dusty star-forming galaxies.
  • Identifies a significant population of 66 galaxies at redshifts greater than 4.
  • Enables direct tests of galaxy formation models using the redshift distribution.
  • The released catalogs serve as a legacy dataset for future multi-wavelength studies.

Where Pith is reading between the lines

These are editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

  • The results imply that galaxy evolution models must better account for the dust-obscured star formation rate at z around 3.
  • Future mm surveys should prioritize uniform depth to avoid selection biases seen in non-homogeneous maps.
  • Additional high-resolution observations could secure redshifts for the remaining unidentified sources and refine the distribution.
  • The agreement with SIDES suggests it may be a reliable template for predicting source counts in other fields.

Load-bearing premise

The multi-wavelength counterpart identifications and redshift assignments are accurate and complete enough to reliably compare the observed distribution against the different galaxy evolution models.

What would settle it

Repeating the analysis with a completely independent set of redshift measurements for all sources, particularly the 11 percent without current identifications, and checking if the statistical consistency with SIDES and inconsistency with other models persists.

Figures

Figures reproduced from arXiv: 2605.00659 by A. Beelen, A. Beno\^it, A. Bongiovanni, A. Catalano, A. Ferragamo, A. Gomez, A. J. Rigby, A.L. Faisst, A. Maury, A. Monfardini, A. Moyer-Anin, A. Paliwal, A. Ritacco, A. Sievers, B. Ladjelat, Caitlin M.Casey, C. Hanser, C. Kramer, C. R. Carvajal-Bohorquez, C. Tucker, D. Ch\'erouvrier, E. F. C. Driessen, Felix Martinez III, F. K\'eruzor\'e, F. Mayet, F. Ruppin, F.-X. D\'esert, G. Ejlali, G. Lagache, G. Pisano, H. Ajeddig, H. Aussel, H. Roussel, I. Myserlis, J. Bounmy, Jeyhan S. Kartaltepe, J.-F. Lestrade, J. F. Mac\'ias-P\'erez, J. Goupy, Jorge A. Zavala, K. Schuster, L.-J. Bing, L. Perotto, M. Aravena, M. B\'ethermin, M. Calvo, M. De Petris, M. Mu\~noz-Echeverr\'ia, M. S\'anchez-Portal, N. Ponthieu, O. Bourrion, P. Ade, P. Andr\'e, R. Adam, R. Neri, R. Zylka, S. Amarantidis, S. Berta, S. C. Madden, S. Doyle, Shuowen Jin, S. Katsioli, S. Leclercq, S. Savorgnano, S. Toft, U. Chowdhury, V. Rev\'eret.

Figure 1
Figure 1. Figure 1: N2CLS COSMOS maps of signal-to-noise ratio at 1.2 mm (left) and 2 mm (right). The S view at source ↗
Figure 3
Figure 3. Figure 3: Sensitivity–area comparison for representative single view at source ↗
Figure 2
Figure 2. Figure 2: N2CLS 1σ sensitivity noise maps for point sources at 1.2 (top) and 2 mm (bottom). Units are µJy/beam. a statistically meaningful area while retaining sufficient depth to detect galaxies with LIR characteristic of luminous infrared galaxies at high redshift. Following Bing23, we generated 100 half-difference maps from the full set of original scans by randomly dividing the scans into two subsets with opposi… view at source ↗
Figure 4
Figure 4. Figure 4: Angular separation (∆r) between the true source positions in the blob catalogue (noise-free map) and the recovered posi￾tions in the realistic simulated catalogue (simulated map) from SIDES, as a function of S/N at 1.2 mm (top) and 2 mm (bot￾tom). For each S/N bin, the box shows the interquartile range (25th–75th percentiles), while the whiskers indicate the 16th– 84th percentiles of the distribution. The … view at source ↗
Figure 5
Figure 5. Figure 5: Purity of detected sources at different S/N at 1.2 mm (left) and 2 mm (right), estimated from the simulations (see Sect. 2.4.1). The red line show the fit by a spline function to the results. The gray solid line indicates the S/N cut of 3.9, corresponding to 80% purity. 5 10 15 20 25 30 S/N 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 fout/ftrue 1.2 mm 5 10 15 20 25 30 S/N 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 fout/ftrue 2 mm view at source ↗
Figure 6
Figure 6. Figure 6: Effective flux boosting ratio as a function of S/N at 1.2 mm (left) and 2 mm (right). The flux correction is estimated as the ratio between the measured flux from the simulated observations (fout) and the input flux from the blob catalog (ftrue). The box at each S/N represents the effective flux boosting distribution enclosed between 25% and 75% percentiles, while the upper and lower bounds show the 5% to … view at source ↗
Figure 7
Figure 7. Figure 7: Angular distance between the coordinates of the N2CO view at source ↗
Figure 8
Figure 8. Figure 8: Normalized redshift distribution of the N2CLS sample, view at source ↗
Figure 9
Figure 9. Figure 9: Normalized redshift distribution of the N2CLS sample per proxy type, (sub-)mm and radio interferometry, accounting view at source ↗
Figure 10
Figure 10. Figure 10: Cutouts of source N2CO_1_99 illustrating a mis view at source ↗
Figure 11
Figure 11. Figure 11: Redshift distribution of the N2CLS high-purity ( view at source ↗
Figure 12
Figure 12. Figure 12: Normalized redshift distributions of the N2CLS high-purity subsample at 1.2 mm compared with predictions from di view at source ↗
Figure 13
Figure 13. Figure 13: Expected 850 µm fluxes computed from the 1.2 and/or 2 mm N2CLS deboosted fluxes and compared with the 4σ threshold applied for the detection of 850 µm sources. All sources above the green line should have been detected by S2COSMOS. Top: for the >95% purity sample. Bottom: For the 80-95% N2CLS purity sample. The blue dashed line corresponds to S/N=4 in the deepest S2COSMOS region (σ 850 inst=0.7 mJy/beam).… view at source ↗
read the original abstract

We present the final 1.2mm and 2mm source catalogs and the redshift distribution of the mm-selected population from the NIKA2 Cosmological Legacy Survey (N2CLS) in the COSMOS field. Our aim is to provide a comprehensive dataset for studying the physical properties and evolution of high-redshift DSFGs. N2CLS covers ~1070 arcmin2 with median noise levels of 315$\mu$Jy and 91$\mu$Jy at 1.2 and 2mm, respectively. Sources are extracted with a S/N threshold of 3.9, ensuring >80% purity. Multi-wavelength counterparts are identified using high-resolution interferometric (sub-)mm data (NOEMA, ALMA) and radio observations (VLA, MeerKAT). Redshifts are compiled from spectroscopic and photometric catalogs (e.g., COSMOSWeb). The N2CLS master catalog includes 323 sources detected at >80% purity, with 104 sources detected in both bands, 197 only at 1.2mm, and 22 only at 2mm. Multi-wavelength identifications are secured for ~89% of the sample. The redshift distribution of 1.2mm sources peaks at 2.8$\pm$0.1, consistent with the epoch of peak cosmic star formation. In the total sample, we lack redshift for ~2% of the identified galaxies, plus 34 sources for which no accurate positional proxy is available, preventing the identification of a multi-wavelength counterpart. We identify 66 galaxies at z>4. The observed redshift distribution agrees well with the SIDES simulations, while four other galaxy evolution models are statistically inconsistent with the data. N2CLS is the largest contiguous deep survey to date with this depth and homogeneous coverage. This homogeneous coverage is important, as 25% of N2CLS sources lack a SCUBA2 850 mic counterpart, likely because the strongly non-uniform noise distribution of the SCUBA2 map results in lower sensitivity in parts of the field.The released data products provide a legacy dataset for studying dust-obscured galaxy evolution.

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, simulated authors' rebuttal, and a circularity audit. Tearing a paper down is the easy half of reading it; the pith above is the substance, this is the friction.

Referee Report

3 major / 3 minor

Summary. The manuscript presents the final 1.2 mm and 2 mm source catalogs from the NIKA2 Cosmological Legacy Survey (N2CLS) in COSMOS, covering ~1070 arcmin² with median noise levels of 315 μJy and 91 μJy. Sources are extracted at S/N > 3.9 (claimed >80% purity), yielding 323 sources (104 detected in both bands). Multi-wavelength counterparts are identified for ~89% using NOEMA, ALMA, VLA, MeerKAT, and COSMOSWeb data, with redshifts compiled from spectroscopic and photometric catalogs. The redshift distribution of the 1.2 mm sources peaks at z = 2.8 ± 0.1, with 66 sources at z > 4; it agrees with SIDES simulations but is statistically inconsistent with four other galaxy evolution models. The work emphasizes homogeneous coverage and releases the catalogs as a legacy dataset.

Significance. If the purity, completeness, and redshift assignments hold, this constitutes a substantial observational contribution as the largest contiguous deep mm survey at this depth and uniformity. The direct comparison of the observed redshift distribution to multiple models provides a falsifiable test of galaxy evolution scenarios, and the explicit release of data products enables community follow-up on dust-obscured star formation. The note that 25% of sources lack SCUBA-2 850 μm counterparts due to non-uniform noise further highlights the value of the homogeneous NIKA2 coverage.

major comments (3)
  1. [Source extraction and purity assessment] Source extraction section: the claim that S/N > 3.9 guarantees >80% purity is based on simulations, but only median noise levels are reported rather than a spatially resolved noise map. Local variations across the 1070 arcmin² field could locally degrade purity, which would directly affect the shape of the redshift distribution (including the z > 4 tail) used for the model comparisons.
  2. [Multi-wavelength counterpart identification] Counterpart identification and redshift compilation: ~11% of sources (34 without positional proxies) plus ~2% of identified sources lack redshifts. The manuscript must quantify whether these incompletenesses are random or preferentially remove high-z objects; otherwise the statistical tests for inconsistency with the four galaxy evolution models rest on an unverified assumption of representativeness.
  3. [Redshift distribution and model comparisons] Redshift distribution and model comparison section: the statement that the distribution is 'statistically inconsistent' with four models requires explicit description of the test statistic (e.g., KS or χ²), how redshift uncertainties and the 11% incompleteness are propagated, and a sensitivity analysis showing that the SIDES agreement and other-model discrepancies survive these effects.
minor comments (3)
  1. [Abstract] Abstract: the phrase 'the total sample' is ambiguous; clarify whether the z = 2.8 peak and model comparisons refer to the full 323-source catalog or the 1.2 mm subset.
  2. [Throughout manuscript] Figure captions and text: ensure all noise values are given with units and that 'DSFG' is defined at first use.
  3. [Data products and release] Data-release paragraph: specify the exact file formats, column descriptions, and repository location for the released catalogs to maximize usability.

Simulated Author's Rebuttal

3 responses · 0 unresolved

We thank the referee for the constructive and detailed comments, which have helped us improve the clarity and robustness of the manuscript. We address each major comment point-by-point below and will revise the paper accordingly.

read point-by-point responses

  1. Referee: [Source extraction and purity assessment] Source extraction section: the claim that S/N > 3.9 guarantees >80% purity is based on simulations, but only median noise levels are reported rather than a spatially resolved noise map. Local variations across the 1070 arcmin² field could locally degrade purity, which would directly affect the shape of the redshift distribution (including the z > 4 tail) used for the model comparisons.

    Authors: We agree that a spatially resolved noise map strengthens the purity claim. In the revised manuscript we will add the noise map (derived from the jackknife maps already used in the extraction) and re-run the purity simulations on a per-pixel basis. We will show that the fraction of the area where local purity drops below 80% is <5% and that the 66 z>4 sources are not preferentially located in those regions. This will confirm that the redshift distribution shape is robust. revision: yes

  2. Referee: [Multi-wavelength counterpart identification] Counterpart identification and redshift compilation: ~11% of sources (34 without positional proxies) plus ~2% of identified sources lack redshifts. The manuscript must quantify whether these incompletenesses are random or preferentially remove high-z objects; otherwise the statistical tests for inconsistency with the four galaxy evolution models rest on an unverified assumption of representativeness.

    Authors: We will add a dedicated subsection quantifying the incompleteness. We will compare the 1.2 mm flux, 2 mm flux, and S/N distributions of sources with and without redshifts (and with/without positional proxies) using Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests. We will also perform a worst-case sensitivity test by assigning the highest plausible redshifts (z=6) to the 36 sources lacking redshifts and re-computing the model comparison statistics; the inconsistencies with the four models remain significant. These additions will be included in the revised version. revision: yes

  3. Referee: [Redshift distribution and model comparisons] Redshift distribution and model comparison section: the statement that the distribution is 'statistically inconsistent' with four models requires explicit description of the test statistic (e.g., KS or χ²), how redshift uncertainties and the 11% incompleteness are propagated, and a sensitivity analysis showing that the SIDES agreement and other-model discrepancies survive these effects.

    Authors: We will explicitly state that we employ a two-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov test (with Monte-Carlo resampling to incorporate photometric redshift uncertainties) and describe the propagation of the 11% incompleteness via the same worst-case assignment described above. A new sensitivity panel will be added showing that the SIDES agreement and the discrepancies with the other four models are stable under these variations. The revised text will make the statistical procedure fully reproducible. revision: yes

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged

No circularity: direct observational catalogs and external model comparisons

full rationale

The paper presents source catalogs from NIKA2 1.2mm and 2mm observations in COSMOS, extracted at S/N>3.9, with multi-wavelength counterparts identified via external interferometric and radio data (NOEMA, ALMA, VLA, MeerKAT) and redshifts compiled from independent catalogs (COSMOSWeb and others). The redshift distribution (peaking at 2.8, 66 sources at z>4) is a direct count from these compiled data and is compared to external simulations (SIDES and four other models). No equations, fitted parameters, or predictions reduce to the paper's inputs by construction; no self-citations are load-bearing for the central claims; and the analysis relies on external benchmarks rather than internal self-definition or ansatz smuggling. This is a standard observational catalog paper with no circular derivation chain.

Axiom & Free-Parameter Ledger

1 free parameters · 2 axioms · 0 invented entities

The central claims rest on standard observational techniques and external data rather than new theoretical constructs; the S/N threshold is a practical choice for purity.

free parameters (1)
  • S/N detection threshold
    Set at 3.9 to achieve >80% purity; this value is chosen based on expected noise properties rather than derived from first principles.
axioms (2)
  • domain assumption Standard mm/radio source extraction algorithms and multi-wavelength counterpart matching procedures yield reliable identifications for ~89% of sources
    Invoked when compiling the master catalog and redshift distribution from NOEMA, ALMA, VLA, and COSMOSWeb data.
  • domain assumption Redshifts compiled from spectroscopic and photometric catalogs accurately represent the true distribution of the mm-selected population
    Used to construct the redshift histogram and compare to simulations; ~2% lack redshifts and 34 lack positional proxies.

pith-pipeline@v0.9.0 · 6110 in / 1608 out tokens · 37429 ms · 2026-05-09T19:05:55.355678+00:00 · methodology

discussion (0)

Sign in with ORCID, Apple, or X to comment. Anyone can read and Pith papers without signing in.

Reference graph

Works this paper leans on

122 extracted references · 119 canonical work pages · 1 internal anchor

  1. [1]

    , keywords =

    PACS Evolutionary Probe (PEP) - A Herschel key program. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201117107 , archivePrefix =. 1106.3285 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201117107

  2. [2]

    S., Casey, C

    The Extended Mapping Obscuration to Reionization with ALMA (Ex-MORA) Survey: 5 Source Catalog and Redshift Distribution. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ae2fda , archivePrefix =. 2408.14546 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ae2fda

  3. [3]

    , keywords =

    MIGHTEE/COSMOS-3D: the discovery of three spectroscopically confirmed radio-selected star-forming galaxies at z = 4.9─5.6. , keywords =. doi:10.1093/mnras/stag473 , archivePrefix =. 2602.05808 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1093/mnras/stag473

  4. [4]

    Wall, J. V. and Jenkins, C. R. , title =. 2012 , publisher =

    2012

  5. [5]

    , keywords =

    Errors in Elliptical Gaussian Fits. , keywords =. doi:10.1086/133871 , adsurl =

    work page doi:10.1086/133871

  6. [6]

    Euclid preparation. XVII. Cosmic Dawn Survey: Spitzer Space Telescope observations of the Euclid deep fields and calibration fields. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202142361 , archivePrefix =. 2110.13928 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202142361

  7. [7]

    A., Faisst, A

    ALMA and JWST Identification of Faint Dusty Star-forming Galaxies up to z 8 and Their Connection with Other Galaxy Populations. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ae382a , archivePrefix =. 2512.16215 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ae382a 2041

  8. [8]

    A., Casey, C

    The Evolution of the IR Luminosity Function and Dust-obscured Star Formation over the Past 13 Billion Years. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/abdb27 , archivePrefix =. 2101.04734 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.3847/1538-4357/abdb27

  9. [9]

    , keywords =

    UNIVERSEMACHINE: The correlation between galaxy growth and dark matter halo assembly from z = 0-10. , keywords =. doi:10.1093/mnras/stz1182 , archivePrefix =. 1806.07893 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1093/mnras/stz1182

  10. [10]

    , keywords =

    The star formation rate and stellar mass limits for submillimetre galaxies implied by recent interferometric observations. , keywords =. doi:10.1093/mnrasl/slt047 , archivePrefix =. 1304.1154 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1093/mnrasl/slt047

  11. [11]

    , keywords =

    What Does a Submillimeter Galaxy Selection Actually Select? The Dependence of Submillimeter Flux Density on Star Formation Rate and Dust Mass. , keywords =. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/743/2/159 , archivePrefix =. 1101.0002 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1088/0004-637x/743/2/159

  12. [12]

    , keywords =

    Physical properties and evolution of (sub-)millimetre-selected galaxies in the galaxy formation simulation SHARK. , keywords =. doi:10.1093/mnras/staa2861 , archivePrefix =. 2007.09853 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1093/mnras/staa2861 2007

  13. [13]

    , keywords =

    From the far-ultraviolet to the far-infrared - galaxy emission at 0 z 10 in the SHARK semi-analytic model. , keywords =. doi:10.1093/mnras/stz2427 , archivePrefix =. 1908.03423 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1093/mnras/stz2427 1908

  14. [14]

    EAZY: A Fast, Public Photometric Redshift Code

    EAZY: A Fast, Public Photometric Redshift Code. , keywords =. doi:10.1086/591786 , archivePrefix =. 0807.1533 , primaryClass =

    work page Pith review doi:10.1086/591786

  15. [15]

    Accurate photometric redshifts for the CFHT Legacy Survey calibrated using the VIMOS VLT Deep Survey

    Accurate photometric redshifts for the CFHT legacy survey calibrated using the VIMOS VLT deep survey. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20065138 , archivePrefix =. astro-ph/0603217 , primaryClass =

    work page Pith review doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20065138

  16. [16]

    , keywords =

    An ALMA survey of submillimeter galaxies in the COSMOS field: Multiwavelength counterparts and redshift distribution. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201730558 , archivePrefix =. 1708.05748 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201730558

  17. [17]

    , keywords =

    Submm/mm galaxy counterpart identification using a characteristic density distribution. , keywords =. doi:10.1093/mnras/stt155 , archivePrefix =. 1301.6171 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1093/mnras/stt155

  18. [18]

    , keywords =

    Millimeter imaging of submillimeter galaxies in the COSMOS field: redshift distribution. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201219368 , archivePrefix =. 1205.6470 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201219368

  19. [19]

    doi:10.5281/zenodo.7520530 , url =

    Beelen, Alexandre , title =. doi:10.5281/zenodo.7520530 , url =

    work page doi:10.5281/zenodo.7520530

  20. [20]

    P., Angeretti L., Leitherer C., Sirianni M., 2008, AJ, 135, 1900 Annibali F., et al., 2017, ApJ, 843, 20 Arnaboldi M., Freeman K

    astropy/photutils: 1.5.0. doi:10.5281/zenodo.6825092 , version =

    work page doi:10.5281/zenodo.6825092

  21. [21]

    , keywords =

    The evolving far-IR galaxy luminosity function and dust-obscured star formation rate density out to z≃5. , keywords =. doi:10.1093/mnras/stx1843 , archivePrefix =. 1706.00426 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1093/mnras/stx1843

  22. [22]

    e U., et al., 2020, @doi [ ] 10.1093/mnras/staa769 , https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2020MNRAS.494.3828D 494, 3828

    An ALMA survey of the SCUBA-2 CLS UDS field: physical properties of 707 sub-millimetre galaxies. , keywords =. doi:10.1093/mnras/staa769 , archivePrefix =. 1910.07524 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1093/mnras/staa769 1910

  23. [23]

    , keywords =

    An ALMA Survey of Submillimeter Galaxies in the Extended Chandra Deep Field South: The Redshift Distribution and Evolution of Submillimeter Galaxies. , keywords =. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/788/2/125 , archivePrefix =. 1310.6363 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1088/0004-637x/788/2/125

  24. [24]

    2005, ARA&A, 43, 727, doi: 10.1146/annurev.astro.43.072103.150606

    Dusty Infrared Galaxies: Sources of the Cosmic Infrared Background. , keywords =. doi:10.1146/annurev.astro.43.072103.150606 , archivePrefix =. astro-ph/0507298 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1146/annurev.astro.43.072103.150606

  25. [25]

    2002, Physics Reports, 369, 111–176, doi: 10.1016/s0370-1573(02)00134-5 CASA Team, Bean, B., Bhatnagar, S., et al

    Submillimeter galaxies. , keywords =. doi:10.1016/S0370-1573(02)00134-5 , archivePrefix =. astro-ph/0202228 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1016/s0370-1573(02)00134-5

  26. [26]

    , keywords =

    Unveiling the hidden Universe with JWST: the contribution of dust-obscured galaxies to the stellar mass function at z 3 - 8. , keywords =. doi:10.1093/mnras/stae754 , archivePrefix =. 2310.03787 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1093/mnras/stae754

  27. [27]

    Bridging optically dark and Lyman-break galaxies with GOODS-ALMA

    The hidden side of cosmic star formation at z > 3. Bridging optically dark and Lyman-break galaxies with GOODS-ALMA. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202245100 , archivePrefix =. 2210.03135 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202245100

  28. [28]

    , keywords =

    Optically Faint Massive Balmer Break Galaxies at z > 3 in the CANDELS/GOODS Fields. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab14f2 , archivePrefix =. 1806.04152 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab14f2

  29. [29]

    , keywords =

    S-COSMOS: The Spitzer Legacy Survey of the Hubble Space Telescope ACS 2 deg ^ 2 COSMOS Field I: Survey Strategy and First Analysis. , keywords =. doi:10.1086/517885 , archivePrefix =. astro-ph/0701318 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1086/517885

  30. [30]

    , keywords =

    A dominant population of optically invisible massive galaxies in the early Universe. , keywords =. doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1452-4 , archivePrefix =. 1908.02372 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1452-4 1908

  31. [31]

    , keywords =

    Characterization of SCUBA-2 450 m and 850 m selected galaxies in the COSMOS field. , keywords =. doi:10.1093/mnras/stt1673 , archivePrefix =. 1302.2619 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1093/mnras/stt1673

  32. [32]

    E., et al., 2017, @doi [ ] 10.1093/mnras/stw2721 , https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017MNRAS.465.1789G 465, 1789

    The SCUBA-2 Cosmology Legacy Survey: 850 m maps, catalogues and number counts. , keywords =. doi:10.1093/mnras/stw2721 , archivePrefix =. 1607.03904 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1093/mnras/stw2721

  33. [33]

    SCUBA-2 Ultra Deep Imaging EAO Survey (STUDIES). V. Confusion-limited Submillimeter Galaxy Number Counts at 450 m and Data Release for the COSMOS Field. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ad53c1 , archivePrefix =. 2405.20616 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ad53c1

  34. [34]

    M., Smail, I., Swinbank, A

    The SCUBA-2 Cosmology Legacy Survey: ALMA Resolves the Bright-end of the Sub-millimeter Number Counts. , keywords =. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/807/2/128 , archivePrefix =. 1505.05152 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1088/0004-637x/807/2/128

  35. [35]

    M., Hodge, J

    An ALMA survey of submillimetre galaxies in the Extended Chandra Deep Field South: high-resolution 870 m source counts. , keywords =. doi:10.1093/mnras/stt196 , archivePrefix =. 1210.0249 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1093/mnras/stt196

  36. [36]

    A., Karim, A., Smail, I., et al

    An ALMA Survey of Submillimeter Galaxies in the Extended Chandra Deep Field South: Source Catalog and Multiplicity. , keywords =. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/768/1/91 , archivePrefix =. 1304.4266 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1088/0004-637x/768/1/91

  37. [37]

    , keywords =

    SCUBA: a common-user submillimetre camera operating on the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope. , keywords =. doi:10.1046/j.1365-8711.1999.02111.x , archivePrefix =. astro-ph/9809122 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1046/j.1365-8711.1999.02111.x 1999

  38. [38]

    , keywords =

    SCUBA-2: the 10 000 pixel bolometer camera on the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope. , keywords =. doi:10.1093/mnras/sts612 , archivePrefix =. 1301.3650 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1093/mnras/sts612

  39. [39]

    , keywords =

    The Large Apex Bolometer Camera Survey of the Extended Chandra Deep Field South. , keywords =. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/707/2/1201 , archivePrefix =. 0910.2821 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1088/0004-637x/707/2/1201

  40. [40]

    , keywords =

    AzTEC millimetre survey of the COSMOS field - I. Data reduction and source catalogue. , keywords =. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.12989.x , archivePrefix =. 0801.2779 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.12989.x 2008

  41. [41]

    J., et al., 2011, @doi [ ] 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.19626.x , http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011MNRAS.418.2074M 418, 2074

    AzTEC millimetre survey of the COSMOS field - III. Source catalogue over 0.72 deg ^ 2 and plausible boosting by large-scale structure. , keywords =. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.18989.x , archivePrefix =. 1105.0890 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.18989.x 2011

  42. [42]

    , et al., year 2024

    Accelerated formation of ultra-massive galaxies in the first billion years. , keywords =. doi:10.1038/s41586-024-08094-5 , archivePrefix =. 2309.02492 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1038/s41586-024-08094-5

  43. [43]

    arXiv e-prints , keywords =

    SCUBADive II: Searching for z>4 Dust-Obscured Galaxies via F150W-Dropouts in COSMOS-Web. arXiv e-prints , keywords =. doi:10.48550/arXiv.2505.09703 , archivePrefix =. 2505.09703 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.48550/arxiv.2505.09703

  44. [44]

    2026, A&A, 705, A214, doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/202555947

    Overdense fireworks in GOODS-N: Unveiling a record number of massive dusty star-forming galaxies at z 5.2 with the N2CLS. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202555947 , adsurl =

    work page doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202555947

  45. [45]

    First measurement of the confusion noise at the IRAM 30 m telescope

    NIKA2 Cosmological Legacy Survey. First measurement of the confusion noise at the IRAM 30 m telescope. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202554530 , adsurl =

    work page doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202554530

  46. [46]

    , keywords =

    The NIKA2 large-field-of-view millimetre continuum camera for the 30 m IRAM telescope. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201731503 , archivePrefix =. 1707.00908 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201731503

  47. [47]

    , keywords =

    Calibration and performance of the NIKA2 camera at the IRAM 30-m Telescope. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201936220 , archivePrefix =. 1910.02038 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201936220 1910

  48. [48]

    Dusty Star-Forming Galaxies at High Redshift

    Dusty star-forming galaxies at high redshift. , keywords =. doi:10.1016/j.physrep.2014.02.009 , archivePrefix =. 1402.1456 , primaryClass =

    work page Pith review doi:10.1016/j.physrep.2014.02.009 2014

  49. [49]

    The NIKA2 cosmological legacy survey at 2 mm: catalogs, colors, redshift distributions, and implications for deep surveys

    The NIKA2 cosmological legacy survey at 2 mm: catalogs, colors, redshift distributions, and implications for deep surveys. arXiv e-prints , keywords =. doi:10.48550/arXiv.2506.22046 , archivePrefix =. 2506.22046 , primaryClass =

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.48550/arxiv.2506.22046

  50. [50]

    Obscured star formation rate density and main sequence of star-forming galaxies at z > 4

    The ALPINE-ALMA [CII] survey. Obscured star formation rate density and main sequence of star-forming galaxies at z > 4. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202038944 , archivePrefix =. 2007.08384 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202038944 2007

  51. [51]

    , keywords =

    ALMA Lensing Cluster Survey: Deep 1.2 mm Number Counts and Infrared Luminosity Functions at z ≃ 1 8. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/1538-4365/ad5ae2 , archivePrefix =. 2303.01658 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.3847/1538-4365/ad5ae2

  52. [52]

    Dust attenuation properties and obscured star formation at z 4.4-5.8

    The ALPINE-ALMA [CII] survey. Dust attenuation properties and obscured star formation at z 4.4-5.8. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202038163 , archivePrefix =. 2004.10760 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202038163 2004

  53. [53]

    F., Charlot S., 2007, @doi [ ] 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.11909.x , http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007MNRAS.378.1550P 378, 1550

    The SCUBA HAlf Degree Extragalactic Survey - III. Identification of radio and mid-infrared counterparts to submillimetre galaxies. , keywords =. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.12044.x , archivePrefix =. astro-ph/0702544 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.12044.x 2007

  54. [54]

    , keywords =

    A ^ 3 COSMOS: The infrared luminosity function and dust-obscured star formation rate density at 0.5 < z < 6. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202347048 , archivePrefix =. 2309.15150 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202347048

  55. [55]

    , keywords =

    The ALMA REBELS Survey: the first infrared luminosity function measurement at z 7. , keywords =. doi:10.1093/mnras/stad1259 , archivePrefix =. 2303.11321 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1093/mnras/stad1259

  56. [56]

    The nature, luminosity function, and star formation history of dusty galaxies up to z ≃ 6

    The ALPINE-ALMA [CII] survey. The nature, luminosity function, and star formation history of dusty galaxies up to z ≃ 6. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202038487 , archivePrefix =. 2006.04974 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202038487 2006

  57. [57]

    , keywords =

    Shark: introducing an open source, free, and flexible semi-analytic model of galaxy formation. , keywords =. doi:10.1093/mnras/sty2440 , archivePrefix =. 1807.11180 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1093/mnras/sty2440

  58. [58]

    C., Blain A

    A Redshift Survey of the Submillimeter Galaxy Population. , keywords =. doi:10.1086/428082 , archivePrefix =. astro-ph/0412573 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1086/428082

  59. [59]

    , keywords =

    The Hubble Deep Field North SCUBA Super-map - II. Multiwavelength properties. , keywords =. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2004.08335.x , archivePrefix =. astro-ph/0408376 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2004.08335.x 2004

  60. [60]

    , keywords =

    Radio Constraints on the Identifications and Redshifts of Submillimeter Galaxies. , keywords =. doi:10.1086/308226 , archivePrefix =. astro-ph/9907083 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1086/308226

  61. [61]

    M., 2002, @doi [ ] 10.1046/j.1365-8711.2002.05848.x , http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2002MNRAS.336.1188K 336, 1188

    Deep radio imaging of the SCUBA 8-mJy survey fields: submillimetre source identifications and redshift distribution. , keywords =. doi:10.1046/j.1365-8711.2002.05900.x , archivePrefix =. astro-ph/0206432 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1046/j.1365-8711.2002.05900.x 2002

  62. [62]

    Survey description and galaxy number counts

    NIKA2 Cosmological Legacy Survey. Survey description and galaxy number counts. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202346579 , archivePrefix =. 2305.07054 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202346579

  63. [63]

    M., Dudzeviˇ ci¯ ut˙ e, U., Smail, I., et al

    An ALMA survey of the SCUBA-2 Cosmology Legacy Survey UKIDSS/UDS field: source catalogue and properties. , keywords =. doi:10.1093/mnras/stz1536 , archivePrefix =. 1903.02602 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1093/mnras/stz1536 1903

  64. [64]

    A Submillimeter Perspective on the GOODS Fields (SUPER GOODS). I. An Ultradeep SCUBA-2 Survey of the GOODS-N. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aa60bb , archivePrefix =. 1702.03002 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aa60bb

  65. [65]

    , keywords =

    A panchromatic view of N2CLS GOODS-N: The evolution of the dust cosmic density since z 7. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202452894 , archivePrefix =. 2503.07706 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202452894

  66. [66]

    2007, ApJS, 172, 1, doi: 10.1086/516585

    The Cosmic Evolution Survey (COSMOS): Overview. , keywords =. doi:10.1086/516585 , archivePrefix =. astro-ph/0612305 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1086/516585

  67. [67]

    J., et al., 2006, @doi [ ] 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2005.09675.x , http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006MNRAS.365...11C 365, 11

    An 850- m SCUBA map of the Groth Strip and reliable source extraction. , keywords =. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2005.08723.x , archivePrefix =. astro-ph/0412267 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2005.08723.x 2005

  68. [68]

    , keywords =

    The influence of wavelength, flux, and lensing selection effects on the redshift distribution of dusty, star-forming galaxies. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201525718 , archivePrefix =. 1502.04710 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201525718

  69. [69]

    , keywords =

    The ALPINE-ALMA [CII] survey: Data processing, catalogs, and statistical source properties. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202037649 , archivePrefix =. 2002.00962 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202037649 2002

  70. [70]

    , keywords =

    CONCERTO: High-fidelity simulation of millimeter line emissions of galaxies and [CII] intensity mapping. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202243888 , archivePrefix =. 2204.12827 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202243888

  71. [71]

    , keywords =

    The ALMA Spectroscopic Survey in the HUDF: A Model to Explain Observed 1.1 and 0.85 mm Dust Continuum Number Counts. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab76c0 , archivePrefix =. 2002.07180 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab76c0 2002

  72. [72]

    , keywords =

    Modeling submillimeter galaxies in cosmological simulations: Contribution to the cosmic star formation density and predictions for future surveys. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202553981 , archivePrefix =. 2501.19327 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202553981

  73. [73]

    , keywords =

    The impact of clustering and angular resolution on far-infrared and millimeter continuum observations. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201730866 , archivePrefix =. 1703.08795 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201730866

  74. [74]

    , keywords =

    CONCERTO: Simulating the CO, [CII], and [CI] line emission of galaxies in a 117 deg ^ 2 field and the impact of field-to-field variance. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202245151 , archivePrefix =. 2212.02235 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202245151

  75. [75]

    M., Smail, I., Dudzeviˇ ci¯ ut˙ e, U., et al

    An ALMA survey of the brightest sub-millimetre sources in the SCUBA-2-COSMOS field. , keywords =. doi:10.1093/mnras/staa1345 , archivePrefix =. 2003.05484 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1093/mnras/staa1345 2003

  76. [76]

    Automated Mining of the ALMA Archive in the COSMOS Field (A ^ 3 COSMOS). I. Robust ALMA Continuum Photometry Catalogs and Stellar Mass and Star Formation Properties for 700 Galaxies at z = 0.5-6. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/1538-4365/ab42da , archivePrefix =. 1910.12872 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.3847/1538-4365/ab42da 1910

  77. [77]

    Automated Mining of the ALMA Archive in the COSMOS Field (A ^ 3 COSMOS). II. Cold Molecular Gas Evolution out to Redshift 6. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab578d , archivePrefix =. 1910.12883 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab578d 1910

  78. [78]

    , keywords =

    The VLA-COSMOS 3 GHz Large Project: Continuum data and source catalog release. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201628704 , archivePrefix =. 1703.09713 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201628704

  79. [79]

    M., et al., 2019, @doi [ ] 10.3847/1538-4357/ab23ff , https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2019ApJ...880...43S 880, 43

    The East Asian Observatory SCUBA-2 Survey of the COSMOS Field: Unveiling 1147 Bright Sub-millimeter Sources across 2.6 Square Degrees. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab23ff , archivePrefix =. 1912.02229 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab23ff 1912

  80. [80]

    2022 , note =

    MIGHTEE: total intensity radio continuum imaging and the COSMOS/XMM-LSS Early Science fields. , keywords =. doi:10.1093/mnras/stab3021 , archivePrefix =. 2110.00347 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1093/mnras/stab3021

Showing first 80 references.