pith. sign in

arxiv: 2606.09616 · v1 · pith:WY5HKFJSnew · submitted 2026-06-08 · 🌌 astro-ph.GA

Blowing star formation away in AGN hosts (BAH) -- V: The Feeding-Feedback Cycle in local AGNs as reveled by their stellar populations

Rog\'erio Riffel , Rogemar A. Riffel , Gabriel L. Souza-Oliveira , Nadia L. Zakamska , Thaisa Storchi-Bergmann , Marina Bianchin , Lais Nery Marinho , Sandra Jaison
show 4 more authors
Suresh Parekh Mait\^e S. Z. de Mellos Jos\'e Henrique Costa-Souza Rafael S. de Souza
This is my paper

Pith reviewed 2026-06-27 15:59 UTC · model grok-4.3

classification 🌌 astro-ph.GA
keywords AGN hostsstellar populationsstar formation historiesfeeding-feedback cyclenear-infrared spectroscopymetallicity gradientscircumnuclear star formationhot dust emission
0
0 comments X

The pith

Gas inflows trigger recent star formation in AGN hosts whose mass loss helps sustain the central black hole activity.

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

The paper reconstructs star formation histories in the inner kiloparsec of three local AGN hosts using near-infrared spectroscopy and three different stellar population models. Old to intermediate-age stars with super-solar metallicities dominate the light, yet all models show clear recent star formation concentrated toward the nucleus together with a central drop in metallicity. Nuclear spectra additionally require a featureless power-law continuum and hot dust emission whose fractional contribution falls with radius. These patterns are interpreted as evidence that inflows of metal-poor gas simultaneously fuel circumnuclear star formation and AGN accretion, with the resulting stellar mass loss providing a continuing gas supply to the black hole.

Core claim

Spatially resolved fits to the near-infrared spectra of NGC 3884, 3C 293, and CGCG 012-070 reveal coexisting old and young stellar components, a central metallicity drop, and radially declining non-stellar continuum and dust contributions; together these indicate that gas inflows trigger circumnuclear star formation that, via stellar mass loss, helps sustain ongoing AGN activity.

What carries the argument

Spatially resolved star formation histories obtained by fitting M13, XSL and FSPS stellar population models to near-infrared spectra after subtracting featureless continuum and hot dust components.

If this is right

  • Metal-poor gas inflows reach the nucleus and trigger both AGN accretion and circumnuclear star formation.
  • Stellar mass loss from the young populations supplies gas that helps maintain the AGN.
  • Ring-like structures of 0.2-0.7 Gyr stars appear around the nuclei in at least two of the galaxies.
  • Hot dust and featureless continuum contributions decrease outward while younger stellar populations become relatively stronger.
  • Different population synthesis models agree on the presence of recent rejuvenation but differ in the detailed age distribution.

Where Pith is reading between the lines

These are editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

  • The same inflow-driven cycle may operate across a wider range of AGN luminosities and host galaxy types.
  • The candidate dual AGN signature in 3C 293 could be tested with higher-resolution imaging or radio data to distinguish between a second black hole and a reddened starburst.
  • Metallicity drops of this kind should be detectable in optical or sub-millimeter observations of larger AGN samples.
  • If the cycle is self-regulating, the observed star formation rates should correlate with AGN duty cycle on timescales of a few hundred Myr.

Load-bearing premise

The non-stellar featureless continuum and hot dust emission can be separated from the stellar light without biasing the derived star formation histories or metallicity profiles.

What would settle it

Absence of both a central metallicity drop and recent nuclear star formation in a larger sample of AGN hosts observed with the same method would falsify the feeding-feedback interpretation.

Figures

Figures reproduced from arXiv: 2606.09616 by Gabriel L. Souza-Oliveira, Jos\'e Henrique Costa-Souza, Lais Nery Marinho, Mait\^e S. Z. de Mellos, Marina Bianchin, Nadia L. Zakamska, Rafael S. de Souza, Rogemar A. Riffel, Rog\'erio Riffel, Sandra Jaison, Suresh Parekh, Thaisa Storchi-Bergmann.

Figure 1
Figure 1. Figure 1: Composite image of the targets in the g (4770 Å), r (6231 Å), and i (7625 Å) bands from the SDSS archive (York et al. 2000). The NIRSpec field of view (FOV) for each galaxy is marked in cyan. F170LP grating. We processed the data using the JWST Science Calibration Pipeline (Bushouse et al. 2024), version 1.12.5, and the reference file jwst_1183.pmap, following the standard pipeline stages. We selected a 6-… view at source ↗
Figure 2
Figure 2. Figure 2: Spatially resolved stellar population fits of NGC 3884 using M13 SSP models. Top panels: Two-dimensional maps of the logarithmic flux (top-left), luminosity-weighted mean age ⟨t⟩L, luminosity-weighted metallicity ⟨Z⟩L, mass-weighted mean age ⟨t⟩M, mass-weighted metallicity ⟨Z⟩M, and the population vectors as defined in § 3 and labelled in the bottom panels. To enhance the quality of the maps, we applied th… view at source ↗
Figure 3
Figure 3. Figure 3: Same as [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p010_3.png] view at source ↗
Figure 4
Figure 4. Figure 4: Same as [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p012_4.png] view at source ↗
Figure 5
Figure 5. Figure 5: Radial variations of the SP properties fitted with M13 models. The complete figure set (3 images) is available in the online journal. a scenario in which relatively metal-poor gas in￾flows have recently reached the nuclear regions, contributing to both AGN fueling and nuclear star formation. • In agreement with previous works, we find that the HD and F C components decline with increas￾ing galactocentric r… view at source ↗
Figure 6
Figure 6. Figure 6: Same as [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p022_6.png] view at source ↗
Figure 7
Figure 7. Figure 7: Same as [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p023_7.png] view at source ↗
Figure 8
Figure 8. Figure 8: Same as [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p024_8.png] view at source ↗
Figure 9
Figure 9. Figure 9: Same as [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p025_9.png] view at source ↗
Figure 10
Figure 10. Figure 10: Same as [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p026_10.png] view at source ↗
Figure 11
Figure 11. Figure 11: Same as [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p027_11.png] view at source ↗
Figure 12
Figure 12. Figure 12: Radial variations of the SP properties fitted with XSL models [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p028_12.png] view at source ↗
Figure 13
Figure 13. Figure 13: Radial variations of the SP properties fitted with FSPS models [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p029_13.png] view at source ↗
read the original abstract

We present a spatially resolved analysis of the stellar populations in the inner kiloparsec of NGC 3884, 3C 293, and CGCG 012-070. Using near-infrared spectroscopy, we reconstruct their star formation histories (SFHs) by comparing the M13, XSL, and FSPS stellar population synthesis models. The stellar light is dominated by intermediate-age to old populations (t >= 1 Gyr) with super-solar metallicities (Z >= 1 Z_sun). All models clearly indicate recent star formation (rejuvenation) in these AGN hosts, with young to intermediate-age populations contributing significantly in the nuclear regions. The SFHs from M13 and XSL broadly agree in showing coexisting old and young components, whereas FSPS favours a larger fraction of very young (t < 50 Myr) stars. Moreover, XSL- and FSPS-based SFHs are generally more irregular and "bumpy," while M13 yields smoother, more continuous SFHs. In NGC 3884 and 3C 293, stars with 0.2 < t <= 0.7 Gyr form a ring-like structure around the nucleus. The nuclear spectra further require non-stellar components: a featureless power-law continuum (FC) and hot dust emission (HD). In 3C 293, the FC component appears in two spatially separated regions, possibly indicating a dual active galactic nucleus, though a heavily reddened starburst origin for the secondary component cannot be excluded. Nearly all fits show a central drop in stellar metallicity, consistent with inflow of metal-poor gas that fuels recent accretion and AGN activity. Radial profiles show that HD and FC contributions decrease with radius, while younger stellar populations become more prominent outward. Together, these results support a feeding-feedback scenario in which gas inflows trigger circumnuclear star formation and, via stellar mass loss, help sustain ongoing AGN activity. .

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, simulated authors' rebuttal, and a circularity audit. Tearing a paper down is the easy half of reading it; the pith above is the substance, this is the friction.

Referee Report

2 major / 2 minor

Summary. The paper presents a spatially resolved stellar population analysis of the inner kiloparsec in three local AGN hosts (NGC 3884, 3C 293, CGCG 012-070) using near-IR spectroscopy. It compares star formation histories (SFHs) reconstructed with M13, XSL, and FSPS models, reports dominance of intermediate/old populations with super-solar metallicities, recent nuclear rejuvenation (with model-dependent young fractions), ring-like 0.2-0.7 Gyr structures in two objects, a central metallicity drop, and the necessity of featureless continuum (FC) plus hot dust (HD) components; these are interpreted as evidence for a feeding-feedback cycle driven by metal-poor gas inflows.

Significance. If robust, the multi-model comparison and detection of consistent recent SF plus central Z drop would provide useful observational constraints on the feeding-feedback scenario in nearby AGNs. The explicit documentation of model-to-model differences in SFH smoothness and young-star fractions is a strength that highlights reconstruction uncertainties.

major comments (2)
  1. [Abstract / spectral fitting section] Abstract and fitting description: the claim that nuclear spectra require FC and HD components in addition to stellar populations, and that these yield reliable recent SF and central Z drop, rests on an untested assumption that the non-stellar terms are not degenerate with young (t < 50 Myr) stellar templates. No quantitative degeneracy test (e.g., mock spectra or parameter covariance) is described, which directly affects the robustness of the rejuvenation and inflow interpretation.
  2. [Results / SFH reconstruction] Results on SFH differences: while the paper notes that FSPS yields larger very-young fractions and bumpier SFHs than M13/XSL, the central feeding-feedback scenario is presented as supported by all three; the model dependence of the young fraction and ring structures (0.2-0.7 Gyr) is load-bearing for the claimed co-existence of old and young components and should be quantified with a formal consistency metric across models.
minor comments (2)
  1. [Radial profiles] The radial profiles of HD/FC decreasing outward while younger populations increase are described qualitatively; adding a quantitative measure (e.g., Spearman rank or fitted slopes) would improve clarity.
  2. [3C 293 results] The possible dual-AGN interpretation for the two FC regions in 3C 293 is noted but the alternative reddened-starburst origin is not explored with additional diagnostics; a brief discussion of how these alternatives would affect the SFH would be useful.

Simulated Author's Rebuttal

2 responses · 0 unresolved

We thank the referee for the detailed and constructive review. We address each major comment below and will incorporate revisions to strengthen the analysis.

read point-by-point responses

  1. Referee: [Abstract / spectral fitting section] Abstract and fitting description: the claim that nuclear spectra require FC and HD components in addition to stellar populations, and that these yield reliable recent SF and central Z drop, rests on an untested assumption that the non-stellar terms are not degenerate with young (t < 50 Myr) stellar templates. No quantitative degeneracy test (e.g., mock spectra or parameter covariance) is described, which directly affects the robustness of the rejuvenation and inflow interpretation.

    Authors: We agree that a quantitative assessment of potential degeneracies between the FC, HD, and young stellar templates is necessary to support the robustness of the rejuvenation and central metallicity drop. In the revised manuscript we will add mock-spectrum tests (generated with known input SFHs, metallicities, FC, and HD) and report the resulting parameter covariances to demonstrate that the non-stellar components do not systematically mimic young populations. revision: yes

  2. Referee: [Results / SFH reconstruction] Results on SFH differences: while the paper notes that FSPS yields larger very-young fractions and bumpier SFHs than M13/XSL, the central feeding-feedback scenario is presented as supported by all three; the model dependence of the young fraction and ring structures (0.2-0.7 Gyr) is load-bearing for the claimed co-existence of old and young components and should be quantified with a formal consistency metric across models.

    Authors: We accept that a formal metric is required to quantify cross-model consistency. We will introduce, in the revised results section, a quantitative consistency measure (e.g., the fractional overlap of age bins with non-zero mass contribution above a chosen threshold, together with a reduced-χ^{2} comparison of the binned SFHs) and apply it to both the young fractions and the 0.2–0.7 Gyr ring features. revision: yes

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged

No circularity: purely observational spectral fitting and interpretation

full rationale

The paper fits nuclear spectra of three AGN hosts to three established SPS models (M13, XSL, FSPS) to recover SFHs, ages, metallicities, and non-stellar (FC, HD) components, then interprets the resulting radial trends and central metallicity drops as supporting a feeding-feedback scenario. No equations, predictions, or uniqueness claims are present that reduce by construction to the paper's own fitted values, self-citations, or ansatzes. The derivation chain consists of standard template fitting followed by qualitative interpretation of the output maps; it is self-contained against external benchmarks and contains no load-bearing self-referential steps.

Axiom & Free-Parameter Ledger

2 free parameters · 2 axioms · 0 invented entities

The analysis rests on the accuracy of three stellar population synthesis libraries and the assumption that observed spectra can be decomposed into stellar plus non-stellar components. No new entities are introduced.

free parameters (2)
  • age and metallicity bin fractions
    Fractions of stellar populations in different age and metallicity bins are fitted to match the observed spectra.
  • FC and HD amplitudes
    Amplitudes of the featureless continuum and hot dust components are adjusted during the fit to the nuclear spectra.
axioms (2)
  • domain assumption Stellar population synthesis models (M13, XSL, FSPS) accurately reproduce the near-infrared spectra of composite stellar populations
    Invoked when comparing model fits to data to extract SFHs.
  • domain assumption Non-stellar components can be separated from stellar light without residual contamination of the derived stellar populations
    Required for the nuclear spectral decomposition described in the abstract.

pith-pipeline@v0.9.1-grok · 5980 in / 1417 out tokens · 18910 ms · 2026-06-27T15:59:40.058433+00:00 · methodology

discussion (0)

Sign in with ORCID, Apple, or X to comment. Anyone can read and Pith papers without signing in.

Reference graph

Works this paper leans on

300 extracted references · 283 canonical work pages · 11 internal anchors

  1. [1]

    Armah, Mark and Dors, O. L. and Riffel, Rogério and Cardaci, M. V. and Hägele, G. F. and Riffel, Rogemar A. and Vílchez, J. M. , month = may, year =. Identifying. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society , publisher =. doi:10.1093/mnras/stag560 , abstract =

    work page doi:10.1093/mnras/stag560

  2. [2]

    and Jamrozy, M

    Machalski, J. and Jamrozy, M. and Stawarz, L. and Wezgowiec, M. , month = oct, year =. Dynamical analysis of the complex radio structure in. Astronomy and Astrophysics , publisher =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201629249 , abstract =

    work page doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201629249

  3. [3]

    and Heckman, T

    Rowlands, K. and Heckman, T. and Wild, V. and Zakamska, N. L. and Rodriguez-Gomez, V. and Barrera-Ballesteros, J. and Lotz, J. and Thilker, D. and Andrews, B. H. and Boquien, M. and Brinkmann, J. and Brownstein, J. R. and Hwang, H.-C. and Smethurst, R. , month = oct, year =. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society , publisher =. doi:10.1093/mnra...

    work page doi:10.1093/mnras/sty1916

  4. [4]

    and Lejeune, T

    Westera, P. and Lejeune, T. and Buser, R. and Cuisinier, F. and Bruzual, G. , month = jan, year =. A standard stellar library for evolutionary synthesis. Astronomy and Astrophysics , publisher =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20011493 , abstract =

    work page doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20011493

  5. [5]

    and Cuisinier, F

    Lejeune, Th. and Cuisinier, F. and Buser, R. , month = oct, year =. Standard stellar library for evolutionary synthesis. Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement Series , publisher =. doi:10.1051/aas:1997373 , abstract =

    work page doi:10.1051/aas:1997373

  6. [6]

    and Cuisinier, F

    Lejeune, T. and Cuisinier, F. and Buser, R. , month = may, year =. A standard stellar library for evolutionary synthesis. Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement Series , publisher =. doi:10.1051/aas:1998405 , abstract =

    work page doi:10.1051/aas:1998405

  7. [7]

    and de Souza, Rafael S

    Hilbe, Joseph M. and de Souza, Rafael S. and Ishida, Emille E. O. , year =. Bayesian. doi:10.1017/CBO9781316459515 , abstract =

    work page doi:10.1017/cbo9781316459515

  8. [8]

    F., Wetzel, A., Kereˇs, D., et al

    Hopkins, Philip F. and Wetzel, Andrew and Kereš, Dušan and Faucher-Giguère, Claude-André and Quataert, Eliot and Boylan-Kolchin, Michael and Murray, Norman and Hayward, Christopher C. and Garrison-Kimmel, Shea and Hummels, Cameron and Feldmann, Robert and Torrey, Paul and Ma, Xiangcheng and Anglés-Alcázar, Daniel and Su, Kung-Yi and Orr, Matthew and Schmi...

    work page internal anchor Pith review doi:10.1093/mnras/sty1690

  9. [9]

    Alexander, D. M. and Hickox, R. C. and Aird, J. and Combes, F. and Costa, T. and Habouzit, M. and Harrison, C. M. and Leng, R. I. and Morabito, L. K. and Uckelman, S. L. and Vickers, P. , month = dec, year =. What drives the growth of black holes:. New Astronomy Reviews , publisher =. doi:10.1016/j.newar.2025.101733 , abstract =

    work page doi:10.1016/j.newar.2025.101733 2025

  10. [10]

    Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society , author =

    Galaxies on. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society , author =. 2014 , pages =. doi:10.1093/mnras/stu1738 , abstract =

    work page internal anchor Pith review doi:10.1093/mnras/stu1738 2014

  11. [11]

    and Melo-Carneiro, Carlos R

    Riffel, Rogemar A. and Melo-Carneiro, Carlos R. and Souza-Oliveira, Gabriel Luan and Riffel, Rogério and Furlanetto, Cristina and Zakamska, Nadia L. and Arribas, Santiago and Bianchin, Marina and Chies-Santos, Ana L. and Costa-Souza, José Henrique and de Mellos, Maitê S. Z. and Perna, Michele and Storchi-Bergmann, Thaisa , month = sep, year =. Blowing sta...

    work page doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202556329

  12. [12]

    and Riffel, Rogério and Dors, Oli L

    Ramos Vieira, Lucas and Riffel, Rogemar A. and Riffel, Rogério and Dors, Oli L. and Bianchin, Marina and Storchi-Bergmann, Thaisa , month = oct, year =. Ionized gas outflows and shock-heated emission in the highly inclined active galaxy. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society , publisher =. doi:10.1093/mnras/staf1437 , abstract =

    work page doi:10.1093/mnras/staf1437

  13. [13]

    and Pastoriza, M

    Sales, Dinalva A. and Pastoriza, M. G. and Riffel, R. , month = dec, year =. Polycyclic. The Astrophysical Journal , publisher =. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/725/1/605 , abstract =

    work page doi:10.1088/0004-637x/725/1/605

  14. [14]

    and Riffel, Rogerio and Li, Song-lin and Ramos Almeida, Cristina and Rembold, Sandro and Riffel, Rogemar A

    Raimundo, Sandra I. and Riffel, Rogerio and Li, Song-lin and Ramos Almeida, Cristina and Rembold, Sandro and Riffel, Rogemar A. and Storchi-Bergmann, Thaisa and Vestergaard, Marianne and Tous, José L. , month = sep, year =. Kinematic misalignment as a driver of black hole activity in galaxies with external interactions , volume =. Monthly Notices of the R...

    work page doi:10.1093/mnrasl/slaf073

  15. [15]

    Lofthouse, E. K. and Kaviraj, S. and Smith, D. J. B. and Hardcastle, M. J. , month = sep, year =. A catalogue of faint local radio. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society , publisher =. doi:10.1093/mnras/sty1375 , abstract =

    work page doi:10.1093/mnras/sty1375

  16. [16]

    and Márquez, I

    Hermosa Muñoz, L. and Márquez, I. and Cazzoli, S. and Masegosa, J. and Agís-González, B. , month = apr, year =. A search for ionised gas outflows in an. Astronomy and Astrophysics , publisher =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202142629 , abstract =

    work page doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202142629

  17. [17]

    and Márquez, I

    Cazzoli, S. and Márquez, I. and Masegosa, J. and del Olmo, A. and Pović, M. and González-Martín, O. and Balmaverde, B. and Hernández-García, L. and García-Burillo, S. , month = oct, year =. Optical spectroscopy of local type-1. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society , publisher =. doi:10.1093/mnras/sty1811 , abstract =

    work page doi:10.1093/mnras/sty1811

  18. [18]

    and Riffel, Rogério and Storchi-Bergmann, Thaisa and Costa-Souza, José Henrique and Souza-Oliveira, Gabriel Luan and Bianchin, Marina , month = feb, year =

    Riffel, Rogemar A. and Riffel, Rogério and Storchi-Bergmann, Thaisa and Costa-Souza, José Henrique and Souza-Oliveira, Gabriel Luan and Bianchin, Marina , month = feb, year =. Revealing the kinematic puzzle of the. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society , publisher =. doi:10.1093/mnras/stae055 , abstract =

    work page doi:10.1093/mnras/stae055

  19. [19]

    Volonteri, Marta and Pfister, Hugo and Beckmann, Ricarda and Dotti, Massimo and Dubois, Yohan and Massonneau, Warren and Musoke, Gibwa and Tremmel, Michael , month = jul, year =. Dual. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society , publisher =. doi:10.1093/mnras/stac1217 , abstract =

    work page doi:10.1093/mnras/stac1217

  20. [20]

    Floyd, David J. E. and Perlman, Eric and Leahy, J. Patrick and Beswick, R. J. and Jackson, Neal J. and Sparks, William B. and Axon, David J. and O'Dea, Christopher P. , month = mar, year =. The. The Astrophysical Journal , publisher =. doi:10.1086/499295 , abstract =

    work page doi:10.1086/499295

  21. [21]

    de Mellos, Maitê S. Z. and Riffel, Rogemar A. and Souza-Oliveira, Gabriel L. and Zakamska, Nadia L. and Bianchin, Marina and Storchi-Bergmann, Thaisa and Riffel, Rogério and Costa-Souza, José Henrique , month = jan, year =. Blowing. The Astrophysical Journal , publisher =. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ae1f19 , abstract =

    work page doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ae1f19

  22. [22]

    and Morabito, Leah K

    Kukreti, Pranav and Morganti, Raffaella and Shimwell, Timothy W. and Morabito, Leah K. and Beswick, Robert J. and Brienza, Marisa and Hardcastle, Martin J. and Sweijen, Frits and Jackson, Neal and Miley, George K. and Moldon, Javier and Oosterloo, Tom and de Gasperin, Francesco , month = feb, year =. Unmasking the history of. Astronomy and Astrophysics , ...

    work page doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202140814

  23. [23]

    Mahony, E. K. and Morganti, R. and Emonts, B. H. C. and Oosterloo, T. A. and Tadhunter, C. , month = aug, year =. The location and impact of jet-driven outflows of cold gas: the case of. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society , publisher =. doi:10.1093/mnrasl/slt094 , abstract =

    work page doi:10.1093/mnrasl/slt094

  24. [24]

    and Oosterloo, T

    Morganti, R. and Oosterloo, T. A. and Emonts, B. H. C. and van der Hulst, J. M. and Tadhunter, C. N. , month = aug, year =. Fast. The Astrophysical Journal , publisher =. doi:10.1086/378219 , abstract =

    work page doi:10.1086/378219

  25. [25]

    and Baum, Stefi A

    Martel, André R. and Baum, Stefi A. and Sparks, William B. and Wyckoff, Eric and Biretta, John A. and Golombek, Daniel and Macchetto, Ferdinando D. and de Koff, Sigrid and McCarthy, Patrick J. and Miley, George K. , month = may, year =. Hubble. The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series , publisher =. doi:10.1086/313205 , abstract =

    work page doi:10.1086/313205

  26. [26]

    and Riffel, Rogério and Bianchin, Marina and Storchi-Bergmann, Thaisa and Souza-Oliveira, Gabriel Luan and Zakamska, Nadia L

    Riffel, Rogemar A. and Riffel, Rogério and Bianchin, Marina and Storchi-Bergmann, Thaisa and Souza-Oliveira, Gabriel Luan and Zakamska, Nadia L. , month = may, year =. Spatially resolved observations of outflows in the radio loud. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society , publisher =. doi:10.1093/mnras/stad776 , abstract =

    work page doi:10.1093/mnras/stad776

  27. [27]

    and Riffel, Rogemar A

    Gatto, Lara and Storchi-Bergmann, T. and Riffel, Rogemar A. and Riffel, Rogério and Rembold, Sandro B. and Schimoia, Jaderson S. and de Mellos, Maitê S. Z. , month = jun, year =. The star formation rate in. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society , publisher =. doi:10.1093/mnras/staf669 , abstract =

    work page doi:10.1093/mnras/staf669

  28. [28]

    The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series , author =

    A. The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series , author =. 2010 , pages =. doi:10.1088/0067-0049/186/2/427 , abstract =

    work page doi:10.1088/0067-0049/186/2/427 2010

  29. [29]

    and Buta, Ronald J

    de Vaucouleurs, Gerard and de Vaucouleurs, Antoinette and Corwin, Herold G. and Buta, Ronald J. and Paturel, Georges and Fouque, Pascal , year =. Third. Third Reference Catalogue of Bright Galaxies. Volume I: Explanations and references. Volume II: Data for galaxies between 0

  30. [30]

    The Astronomical Journal , author =

    The. The Astronomical Journal , author =. 1998 , pages =. doi:10.1086/300314 , number =

    work page doi:10.1086/300314 1998

  31. [31]

    Astronomy and Astrophysics , author =

    A catalogue of quasars and active nuclei: 12th edition , volume =. Astronomy and Astrophysics , author =. 2006 , pages =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20065177 , abstract =

    work page doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20065177 2006

  32. [32]

    Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society , author =

    Spatial field reconstruction with. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society , author =. 2019 , pages =. doi:10.1093/mnras/sty2881 , abstract =

    work page doi:10.1093/mnras/sty2881 2019

  33. [33]

    , month = jan, year =

    Rauscher, Bernard J. , month = jan, year =. Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific , publisher =. doi:10.1088/1538-3873/ad1b36 , abstract =

    work page doi:10.1088/1538-3873/ad1b36

  34. [34]

    The Astrophysical Journal, Volume 992, Issue 1, id.151, 15 pp

    Hidden. The Astrophysical Journal, Volume 992, Issue 1, id.151, 15 pp. , author =. 2025 , pages =. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/adff5f , abstract =

    work page doi:10.3847/1538-4357/adff5f 2025

  35. [35]

    The Astrophysical Journal , author =

    An. The Astrophysical Journal , author =. 2005 , pages =. doi:10.1086/428040 , abstract =

    work page doi:10.1086/428040 2005

  36. [36]

    The Astrophysical Journal , author =

    Blowing. The Astrophysical Journal , author =. 2025 , pages =. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/adb8dd , abstract =

    work page doi:10.3847/1538-4357/adb8dd 2025

  37. [37]

    doi:10.5281/zenodo.10870758 , abstract =

    Bushouse, Howard and Eisenhamer, Jonathan and Dencheva, Nadia and Davies, James and Greenfield, Perry and Morrison, Jane and Hodge, Phil and Simon, Bernie and Grumm, David and Droettboom, Michael and Slavich, Edward and Sosey, Megan and Pauly, Tyler and Miller, Todd and Jedrzejewski, Robert and Hack, Warren and Davis, David and Crawford, Steven and Law, D...

    work page doi:10.5281/zenodo.10870758

  38. [38]

    The Astrophysical Journal , author =

    The. The Astrophysical Journal , author =. 2022 , pages =. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ac8a4e , abstract =

    work page doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ac8a4e 2022

  39. [39]

    2023 , pages =

    Astronomy and Astrophysics , author =. 2023 , pages =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202346649 , abstract =

    work page doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202346649 2023

  40. [40]

    The Astronomical Journal , author =

    A. The Astronomical Journal , author =. 2023 , pages =. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/acdddc , abstract =

    work page doi:10.3847/1538-3881/acdddc 2023

  41. [41]

    The Astrophysical Journal , author =

    The. The Astrophysical Journal , author =. 2009 , pages =. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/699/1/486 , abstract =

    work page internal anchor Pith review doi:10.1088/0004-637x/699/1/486 2009

  42. [42]

    , keywords =

    Lançon, A. and Wood, P. R. , month = oct, year =. A library of 0.5 to 2.5 mu m spectra of luminous cool stars , volume =. Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement Series , publisher =. doi:10.1051/aas:2000269 , abstract =

    work page doi:10.1051/aas:2000269

  43. [43]

    E., 1955, @doi [ ] 10.1086/145971 , https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1955ApJ...121..161S 121, 161

    Salpeter, Edwin E. , month = jan, year =. The. The Astrophysical Journal , publisher =. doi:10.1086/145971 , abstract =

    work page doi:10.1086/145971

  44. [44]

    Costa-Souza, J. H. and Riffel, Rogemar A. and Souza-Oliveira, Gabriel L. and Zakamska, Nadia L. and Bianchin, Marina and Storchi-Bergmann, Thaisa and Riffel, Rogério , month = oct, year =. Blowing. The Astrophysical Journal , publisher =. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ad702a , abstract =

    work page doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ad702a

  45. [45]

    and Arribas, S

    Böker, T. and Arribas, S. and Lützgendorf, N. and Alves de Oliveira, C. and Beck, T. L. and Birkmann, S. and Bunker, A. J. and Charlot, S. and de Marchi, G. and Ferruit, P. and Giardino, G. and Jakobsen, P. and Kumari, N. and López-Caniego, M. and Maiolino, R. and Manjavacas, E. and Marston, A. and Moseley, S. H. and Muzerolle, J. and Ogle, P. and Pirzkal...

    work page doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202142589

  46. [46]

    and Boisson, C

    Márquez, I. and Boisson, C. and Joly, M. and Pelat, D. and Durret, F. , month = mar, year =. Stellar populations from. Astronomy and Astrophysics , publisher =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202451524 , abstract =

    work page doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202451524

  47. [47]

    and Ostriker, Jeremiah P

    Choi, Ena and Somerville, Rachel S. and Ostriker, Jeremiah P. and Hirschmann, Michaela and Naab, Thorsten , month = mar, year =. The. The Astrophysical Journal , publisher =. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ad245a , abstract =

    work page doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ad245a

  48. [48]

    Woo, Joanna and Walters, Dan and Archinuk, Finn and Faber, S. M. and Ellison, Sara L. and Teimoorinia, Hossen and Iyer, Kartheik , month = jan, year =. Stellar. doi:10.48550/arXiv.2401.12300 , abstract =

    work page doi:10.48550/arxiv.2401.12300

  49. [49]

    and Calabrò, Antonello and Cheng, Yingjie and de la Vega, Alexander and D'Eugenio, Chiara and Elbaz, David and Finkelstein, Steven L

    Lu, Shiying and Daddi, Emanuele and Maraston, Claudia and Dickinson, Mark and Arrabal Haro, Pablo and Gobat, Raphael and Renzini, Alvio and Giavalisco, Mauro and Bagley, Micaela B. and Calabrò, Antonello and Cheng, Yingjie and de la Vega, Alexander and D'Eugenio, Chiara and Elbaz, David and Finkelstein, Steven L. and Gómez-Guijarro, Carlos and Gu, Qiushen...

    work page doi:10.48550/arxiv.2403.07414

  50. [50]

    , month = mar, year =

    Vazdekis, A. , month = mar, year =. Evolutionary. The Astrophysical Journal , publisher =. doi:10.1086/306843 , abstract =

    work page doi:10.1086/306843

  51. [51]

    2003, title Cosmological smoothed particle hydrodynamics simulations: a hybrid multiphase model for star formation , , 339, 289, 10.1046/j.1365-8711.2003.06206.x

    Vazdekis, A. and Cenarro, A. J. and Gorgas, J. and Cardiel, N. and Peletier, R. F. , month = apr, year =. Empirical calibration of the near-infrared. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society , publisher =. doi:10.1046/j.1365-8711.2003.06413.x , abstract =

    work page doi:10.1046/j.1365-8711.2003.06413.x 2003

  52. [52]

    and Peletier, R

    Vazdekis, A. and Peletier, R. F. and Beckman, J. E. and Casuso, E. , month = jul, year =. A. The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series , publisher =. doi:10.1086/313008 , abstract =

    work page doi:10.1086/313008

  53. [53]

    , keywords =

    Beasley, Michael A. and Bridges, Terry and Peng, Eric and Harris, William E. and Harris, Gretchen L. H. and Forbes, Duncan A. and Mackie, Glen , month = may, year =. A. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society , publisher =. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13123.x , abstract =

    work page doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13123.x 2008

  54. [54]

    Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia , author =

    The. Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia , author =. 2010 , note =. doi:10.1071/AS09061 , abstract =

    work page doi:10.1071/as09061 2010

  55. [55]

    and Vazdekis, A

    Eftekhari, E. and Vazdekis, A. and Riffel, R. and Dahmer-Hahn, L. G. and Chies-Santos, A. L. and Beasley, M. A. and Villaume, A. and Zanatta, E. , month = jan, year =. Extragalactic globular cluster near-infrared spectroscopy:. Astronomy and Astrophysics , publisher =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202449571 , abstract =

    work page doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202449571

  56. [56]

    Dahmer-Hahn, L. G. and Chies-Santos, A. L. and Eftekhari, E. and Zanatta, E. and Riffel, R. and Vazdekis, A. and Villaume, A. and Beasley, M. A. and Lassen, A. E. , month = oct, year =. Extragalactic globular cluster near-infrared spectroscopy:. Astronomy and Astrophysics , publisher =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202449570 , abstract =

    work page doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202449570

  57. [57]

    Introducing the

    Vogelsberger, Mark and Genel, Shy and Springel, Volker and Torrey, Paul and Sijacki, Debora and Xu, Dandan and Snyder, Greg and Nelson, Dylan and Hernquist, Lars , month = oct, year =. Introducing the. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society , publisher =. doi:10.1093/mnras/stu1536 , abstract =

    work page doi:10.1093/mnras/stu1536

  58. [58]

    Galaxies , author =

    Observational. Galaxies , author =. 2024 , note =. doi:10.3390/galaxies12020017 , abstract =

    work page doi:10.3390/galaxies12020017 2024

  59. [59]

    ndmallmann/urutau:

    Mallmann, Nícolas and Riffel, Rogério , month = aug, year =. ndmallmann/urutau:. Zenodo , publisher =. doi:10.5281/zenodo.8263936 , abstract =

    work page doi:10.5281/zenodo.8263936

  60. [60]

    and Quataert, Eliot and Faucher-Giguère, Claude-André and Kereš, Dušan , month = may, year =

    Feldmann, Robert and Hopkins, Philip F. and Quataert, Eliot and Faucher-Giguère, Claude-André and Kereš, Dušan , month = may, year =. The formation of massive, quiescent galaxies at cosmic noon , volume =. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society , publisher =. doi:10.1093/mnrasl/slw014 , abstract =

    work page doi:10.1093/mnrasl/slw014

  61. [61]

    and Cushing, Michael C

    Rayner, John T. and Cushing, Michael C. and Vacca, William D. , month = dec, year =. The. The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series , publisher =. doi:10.1088/0067-0049/185/2/289 , abstract =

    work page doi:10.1088/0067-0049/185/2/289

  62. [62]

    Astronomy and Astrophysics , author =

    A comparison between. Astronomy and Astrophysics , author =. 2021 , note =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202039371 , abstract =

    work page doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202039371 2021

  63. [63]

    Armah, Mark and Riffel, Rogério and Dahmer-Hahn, L. G. and Davies, R. I. and Dors, O. L. and Kakkad, Darshan and Riffel, Rogemar A. and Rodríguez-Ardila, A. and Ruschel-Dutra, D. and Storchi-Bergmann, T. , month = nov, year =. Spatially resolved gas-phase metallicity in. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society , publisher =. doi:10.1093/mnras/st...

    work page doi:10.1093/mnras/stae2263

  64. [64]

    de Mellos, Maitê S. Z. and Riffel, Rogemar A. and Schimoia, Jaderson S. and Rembold, Sandro B. and Riffel, Rogério and Storchi-Bergmann, Thaisa and Wylezalek, Dominika and Ilha, Gabriele S. and Albán, Marco and Dors, Oli L. and Gatto, Lara and Krabbe, Angela C. and Mallmann, Nicolas D. and Trevisan, Marina , month = nov, year =. Determining star formation...

    work page doi:10.1093/mnras/stae2352

  65. [65]

    , eprint =

    Uncovering the chemical enrichment and mass-assembly histories of star-forming galaxies , volume =. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society , author =. 2007 , note =. doi:10.1111/j.1745-3933.2006.00265.x , abstract =

    work page doi:10.1111/j.1745-3933.2006.00265.x 2007

  66. [66]

    Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society , author =

    The. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society , author =. 2023 , note =. doi:10.1093/mnras/stad599 , abstract =

    work page doi:10.1093/mnras/stad599 2023

  67. [67]

    The Astronomical Journal , author =

    The. The Astronomical Journal , author =. 2003 , note =. doi:10.1086/345794 , abstract =

    work page doi:10.1086/345794 2003

  68. [68]

    The Astrophysical Journal , author =

    Streaming. The Astrophysical Journal , author =. 2006 , note =. doi:10.1086/503832 , abstract =

    work page doi:10.1086/503832 2006

  69. [69]

    Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society , author =

    Stellar populations in local. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society , author =. 2022 , note =. doi:10.1093/mnras/stab3382 , abstract =

    work page doi:10.1093/mnras/stab3382 2022

  70. [70]

    , volume =

    Population synthesis methods : discussion and tests on the solution uniqueness. , volume =. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society , author =. 1991 , note =. doi:10.1093/mnras/249.4.766 , abstract =

    work page doi:10.1093/mnras/249.4.766 1991

  71. [71]

    Riffel, Rogério and Dahmer-Hahn, Luis G. and Vazdekis, Alexandre and Davies, Richard and Rosario, David and Ramos Almeida, Cristina and Audibert, Anelise and Martín-Navarro, Ignacio and Pires Martins, Lucimara and Rodríguez-Ardila, Alberto and Riffel, Rogemar A. and Storchi-Bergmann, Thaisa and Bertoldo-Coelho, Michele and Trevisan, Marina and Hicks, Erin...

    work page doi:10.1093/mnras/stae1192

  72. [72]

    Astronomy and Astrophysics , author =

    Obscuration in active galactic nuclei: near-infrared luminosity relations and dust colors , volume =. Astronomy and Astrophysics , author =. 2015 , note =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201525817 , abstract =

    work page doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201525817 2015

  73. [73]

    The Astrophysical Journal , author =

    Molecular. The Astrophysical Journal , author =. 2009 , note =. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/691/1/749 , abstract =

    work page doi:10.1088/0004-637x/691/1/749 2009

  74. [74]

    , keywords =

    Mapping of molecular gas inflow towards the. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society , author =. 2008 , note =. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.12936.x , abstract =

    work page doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.12936.x 2008

  75. [75]

    2021 , note =

    Astronomy and Astrophysics , author =. 2021 , note =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202140593 , abstract =

    work page doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202140593 2021

  76. [76]

    Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society , author =

    Feeding versus feedback in. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society , author =. 2013 , note =. doi:10.1093/mnras/stt045 , abstract =

    work page doi:10.1093/mnras/stt045 2013

  77. [77]

    , editor =

    De Vaucouleurs, G. , editor =. Classification and. Astrophysik. 1959 , keywords =. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-45932-0_7 , abstract =

    work page doi:10.1007/978-3-642-45932-0_7 1959

  78. [78]

    2022 , note =

    The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series , author =. 2022 , note =. doi:10.3847/1538-4365/ac5b68 , abstract =

    work page doi:10.3847/1538-4365/ac5b68 2022

  79. [79]

    Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society , author =

    Circumnuclear star formation in. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society , author =. 2018 , note =. doi:10.1093/mnras/sty547 , abstract =

    work page doi:10.1093/mnras/sty547 2018

  80. [80]

    2018 , note =

    Nature Astronomy , author =. 2018 , note =. doi:10.1038/s41550-018-0403-6 , abstract =

    work page doi:10.1038/s41550-018-0403-6 2018

Showing first 80 references.