A semiclassical tunneling model shows that two-field ultralight DM halos have stability bounds that can be relaxed for some density-mass ratios but become more stringent across much of the parameter space compared to single-field cases.
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27 Pith papers cite this work, alongside 982 external citations. Polarity classification is still indexing.
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abstract
The Feedback In Realistic Environments (FIRE) project explores feedback in cosmological galaxy formation simulations. Previous FIRE simulations used an identical source code (FIRE-1) for consistency. Motivated by the development of more accurate numerics - including hydrodynamic solvers, gravitational softening, and supernova coupling algorithms - and exploration of new physics (e.g. magnetic fields), we introduce FIRE-2, an updated numerical implementation of FIRE physics for the GIZMO code. We run a suite of simulations and compare against FIRE-1: overall, FIRE-2 improvements do not qualitatively change galaxy-scale properties. We pursue an extensive study of numerics versus physics. Details of the star-formation algorithm, cooling physics, and chemistry have weak effects, provided that we include metal-line cooling and star formation occurs at higher-than-mean densities. We present new resolution criteria for high-resolution galaxy simulations. Most galaxy-scale properties are robust to numerics we test, provided: (1) Toomre masses are resolved; (2) feedback coupling ensures conservation, and (3) individual supernovae are time-resolved. Stellar masses and profiles are most robust to resolution, followed by metal abundances and morphologies, followed by properties of winds and circum-galactic media (CGM). Central (~kpc) mass concentrations in massive (L*) galaxies are sensitive to numerics (via trapping/recycling of winds in hot halos). Multiple feedback mechanisms play key roles: supernovae regulate stellar masses/winds; stellar mass-loss fuels late star formation; radiative feedback suppresses accretion onto dwarfs and instantaneous star formation in disks. We provide all initial conditions and numerical algorithms used.
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representative citing papers
Idealized simulations with live gas particles show the LMC corona's present-day velocity and column density profiles match a first-passage orbit but are too low in a second-passage orbit, yielding truncation radii of 16.6 kpc versus 5.7 kpc and strongly disfavoring the latter.
A new fitting methodology applied to UV absorption data recovers radial trends in galactic wind velocities and mass-loading factors by constraining initial hot and cool phase parameters in a multiphase model.
FIRE-2 simulations with gravitational torque-driven and free-fall accretion models predict enough high-redshift AGN to explain little red dots, with a super-Eddington Eddington-limited scenario for M_BH >= 2e5 Msun in M_star >= 2e7 Msun galaxies reproducing key observations.
Milky Way-mass dark matter density profiles in IllustrisTNG are largely insensitive to astrophysics and cosmology variations, dominated by halo-to-halo variance instead.
Bursty stellar feedback produces systematically flatter metallicity gradients than smooth feedback in high-redshift galaxies across multiple simulation suites.
FIRE-2 simulations find metallicity gradients in EoR galaxies flatten from median -0.15 dex/kpc at z~10 to -0.1 at z~6, with positive correlations to stellar mass and gas flow proxy Δv/2σ and links to central SFR density.
Ancient cosmic ray halos from the central galaxy boost Perseus's cool core via inverse-Compton scattering, simultaneously explaining radio minihalo, giant halo, X-ray properties, and gamma-ray data without re-acceleration.
Simulations of dwarf galaxies show V/σ rising with stellar mass, with HI gas and young stars more rotation-supported than old stars.
A new overdensity-conditioned emulator trained on small subvolumes from Quijote recovers the global halo mass function via integration over the overdensity distribution at 0.026% of the simulation cost.
Lumina runs a 500 cMpc radiation-hydrodynamic simulation combining IllustrisTNG galaxy formation with six-bin M1 radiation transport to predict late stellar-driven HI reionization ending around z=4.75 and AGN-driven HeII reionization nearly complete by z=3.
The paper identifies underproduction of oxygen in low-mass simulated dwarf galaxies as the likely cause of missing OVI in the CGM, based on comparisons across two simulation suites.
Stacking DESI spectra reveals star-formation-driven Mg II outflows from low-mass galaxies that escape dark matter halos, providing indirect evidence that stellar feedback causes baryon deficiency.
FOGGIE cosmological simulations find that less HI-populated CGMs produce thin, coherently rotating extended disks while more populated CGMs yield irregular morphologies, with all systems settling kinematically by z=0 independent of mass.
COLIBRE calibrates supernova and AGN feedback parameters in multi-phase ISM cosmological simulations using emulator-based fitting to reproduce the z=0 galaxy stellar mass function and size-stellar mass relation at three resolutions.
FIRE-2 simulations show that stellar radial redistribution scatter saturates at ~2 kpc for stars older than ~3 Gyr, with net orbital changes depending on age and current radius, broadly matching Milky Way observations.
Multiple galaxy formation simulations show that low-mass quenched galaxies at z>3 are predominantly environmentally quenched satellites, often only temporarily so, and match JWST observations.
TNG50 shows most massive high-z star-forming galaxies are dynamically hotter than ALMA data indicate, with rare cold discs forming from aligned accretion and evolving into one-third discs and two-thirds early-type galaxies by z=0.
Multi-phase molecular gas in IRAS20551-4250 is dominated by cold CO, shows UV-heated warm H2, tidal features from a merger, and no molecular outflows, consistent with ongoing star formation.
Simulations constrain the mass scale for efficient ISM stripping of dwarf satellites to M_star ≲ 10^7 M_sun in MW-like halos, 0.5-1 dex below observed values, indicating additional quenching mechanisms are needed.
Bayesian comparison of Gaia DR3 rotation curves favors the Einasto dark matter profile over NFW, prefers cored over cuspy profiles, and finds MOND variants provide poorer fits than the best dark matter models.
Varied cosmic ray feedback models from AGN in FIRE-3 simulations all quench massive galaxies consistently with observations but produce vastly different circumgalactic medium properties.
Simulations of an NGC 300-like galaxy find exponential distributions of feedback-driven bubble lifetimes and sizes that increase with galactocentric radius, plus matching Hα predictions.
Mock catalogs of Milky Way white dwarf mergers are created with COSMIC and released publicly, summarizing outcomes by mass and composition while varying binary evolution uncertainties to connect with LISA sources.
citing papers explorer
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Tunneling and tidal stripping in multifield ultralight dark matter halos
A semiclassical tunneling model shows that two-field ultralight DM halos have stability bounds that can be relaxed for some density-mass ratios but become more stringent across much of the parameter space compared to single-field cases.
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The LMC Corona Favors a First Passage
Idealized simulations with live gas particles show the LMC corona's present-day velocity and column density profiles match a first-passage orbit but are too low in a second-passage orbit, yielding truncation radii of 16.6 kpc versus 5.7 kpc and strongly disfavoring the latter.
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Resolving the Unresolved Galactic Winds in Multi-phase Models. I. Methodology and Application
A new fitting methodology applied to UV absorption data recovers radial trends in galactic wind velocities and mass-loading factors by constraining initial hot and cool phase parameters in a multiphase model.
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Little Red Dots on FIRE: The Ability of Bursty Galaxies to Host an Abundant Population of High-Redshift AGN
FIRE-2 simulations with gravitational torque-driven and free-fall accretion models predict enough high-redshift AGN to explain little red dots, with a super-Eddington Eddington-limited scenario for M_BH >= 2e5 Msun in M_star >= 2e7 Msun galaxies reproducing key observations.
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The DREAMS Project: Disentangling the Impact of Halo-to-Halo Variance and Baryonic Feedback on Milky Way Dark Matter Density Profiles
Milky Way-mass dark matter density profiles in IllustrisTNG are largely insensitive to astrophysics and cosmology variations, dominated by halo-to-halo variance instead.
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Metallicity Gradients in Modern Cosmological Simulations II: The Role of Bursty Versus Smooth Feedback at High-Redshift
Bursty stellar feedback produces systematically flatter metallicity gradients than smooth feedback in high-redshift galaxies across multiple simulation suites.
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Galaxy Metallicity Gradients in the Reionization Epoch from the FIRE-2 Simulations
FIRE-2 simulations find metallicity gradients in EoR galaxies flatten from median -0.15 dex/kpc at z~10 to -0.1 at z~6, with positive correlations to stellar mass and gas flow proxy Δv/2σ and links to central SFR density.
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An Inverse-Compton-Boosted Cool Core Unifies Perseus's Radio and X-ray Halos
Ancient cosmic ray halos from the central galaxy boost Perseus's cool core via inverse-Compton scattering, simultaneously explaining radio minihalo, giant halo, X-ray properties, and gamma-ray data without re-acceleration.
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$V/\sigma$ Trends with Mass for Dwarf Galaxies from the Marvelous Massive Dwarfs Suite
Simulations of dwarf galaxies show V/σ rising with stellar mass, with HI gas and young stars more rotation-supported than old stars.
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Efficiently emulating distribution functions in gigaparsec volumes for varying cosmological parameters
A new overdensity-conditioned emulator trained on small subvolumes from Quijote recovers the global halo mass function via integration over the overdensity distribution at 0.026% of the simulation cost.
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Introducing the Lumina project: large-volume radiation-hydrodynamic simulations of the epochs of hydrogen and helium reionization
Lumina runs a 500 cMpc radiation-hydrodynamic simulation combining IllustrisTNG galaxy formation with six-bin M1 radiation transport to predict late stellar-driven HI reionization ending around z=4.75 and AGN-driven HeII reionization nearly complete by z=3.
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The Simulated Oxygen Shortage (SOS): Mapping the Missing OVI in Simulated Dwarf Galaxies to Subgrid Physics
The paper identifies underproduction of oxygen in low-mass simulated dwarf galaxies as the likely cause of missing OVI in the CGM, based on comparisons across two simulation suites.
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Stellar feedback drives the baryon deficiency in low-mass galaxies
Stacking DESI spectra reveals star-formation-driven Mg II outflows from low-mass galaxies that escape dark matter halos, providing indirect evidence that stellar feedback causes baryon deficiency.
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FOGGIE: Figuring Out Gas & Galaxies In Enzo XII. The Formation and Evolution of Extended HI Galactic Disks and Warps with a Dynamic Circumgalactic medium
FOGGIE cosmological simulations find that less HI-populated CGMs produce thin, coherently rotating extended disks while more populated CGMs yield irregular morphologies, with all systems settling kinematically by z=0 independent of mass.
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COLIBRE: calibrating subgrid feedback in cosmological simulations that include a cold gas phase
COLIBRE calibrates supernova and AGN feedback parameters in multi-phase ISM cosmological simulations using emulator-based fitting to reproduce the z=0 galaxy stellar mass function and size-stellar mass relation at three resolutions.
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Radial redistribution of stellar orbits in FIRE simulations of Milky-Way-mass galaxies
FIRE-2 simulations show that stellar radial redistribution scatter saturates at ~2 kpc for stars older than ~3 Gyr, with net orbital changes depending on age and current radius, broadly matching Milky Way observations.
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Environmental Quenching of High-Redshift Galaxies: Interpreting JWST Observations with Simulations
Multiple galaxy formation simulations show that low-mass quenched galaxies at z>3 are predominantly environmentally quenched satellites, often only temporarily so, and match JWST observations.
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Dynamically cold discs in high-redshift galaxies: comparison between ALMA observations and TNG50
TNG50 shows most massive high-z star-forming galaxies are dynamically hotter than ALMA data indicate, with rare cold discs forming from aligned accretion and evolving into one-third discs and two-thirds early-type galaxies by z=0.
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GOALS-JWST: Resolved multi-phase molecular gas in IRAS 20551-4250 using JWST and ALMA
Multi-phase molecular gas in IRAS20551-4250 is dominated by cold CO, shows UV-heated warm H2, tidal features from a merger, and no molecular outflows, consistent with ongoing star formation.
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Too Big to Quench? I. Constraining ISM Stripping of Dwarf Satellites in Milky Way-like Halos
Simulations constrain the mass scale for efficient ISM stripping of dwarf satellites to M_star ≲ 10^7 M_sun in MW-like halos, 0.5-1 dex below observed values, indicating additional quenching mechanisms are needed.
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Determination of the best dark matter profile for the Milky Way with Gaia DR3 using Bayesian Model Comparison
Bayesian comparison of Gaia DR3 rotation curves favors the Einasto dark matter profile over NFW, prefers cored over cuspy profiles, and finds MOND variants provide poorer fits than the best dark matter models.
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Effects of Varied Cosmic Ray Feedback from AGN on Massive Galaxy Properties
Varied cosmic ray feedback models from AGN in FIRE-3 simulations all quench massive galaxies consistently with observations but produce vastly different circumgalactic medium properties.
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Unmasking Stellar Feedback-Driven Bubbles: Identification and Properties Analysis
Simulations of an NGC 300-like galaxy find exponential distributions of feedback-driven bubble lifetimes and sizes that increase with galactocentric radius, plus matching Hα predictions.
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The diverse outcomes of binary white dwarf mergers and connections to Galactic LISA sources
Mock catalogs of Milky Way white dwarf mergers are created with COSMIC and released publicly, summarizing outcomes by mass and composition while varying binary evolution uncertainties to connect with LISA sources.
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Contribution of interstellar objects to local dark matter density
Interstellar objects may contribute enough baryonic mass to reduce the local dark matter halo density to 0.24 GeV/cm³.
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Beyond Cloud-9: The case for discovering more HI-rich failed halos
Comparisons of three cosmological simulations show HI-rich failed halos occupy different mass regimes and predict that more can be discovered locally in HI-poor environments rather than at high redshift.
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