pith. sign in

arxiv: 2606.30757 · v1 · pith:GXWCEYU5new · submitted 2026-06-29 · 🌌 astro-ph.GA · astro-ph.CO

Unveil the nature of JWST-AGN and Little Red Dots with SKAO continuum surveys

Giovanni Mazzolari , Dharam V. Lal , Isabella Prandoni , Roberto Gilli , Roberto Maiolino , Hannah \"Ubler , Ivan Delvecchio , Marcella Brusa
show 1 more author
Marco Mignoli
This is my paper

Pith reviewed 2026-07-01 01:22 UTC · model grok-4.3

classification 🌌 astro-ph.GA astro-ph.CO
keywords JWST AGNLittle Red DotsSKAOradio continuum surveyshigh-redshift AGNCompton-thick absorptionblack hole accretion
0
0 comments X

The pith

SKAO continuum surveys can distinguish between three scenarios for the faint multi-wavelength properties of JWST AGN and Little Red Dots.

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

JWST has uncovered far more AGN at redshift greater than 4 than prior surveys predicted, yet most lack X-ray detections and show unusually faint ultraviolet, mid-infrared, and far-infrared emission. Three scenarios have been proposed to explain these traits: Compton-thick absorption by a high-covering-factor broad-line region, intrinsically weak emission tied to high accretion rates, or a cocoon of dense ionized gas causing strong scattering. The paper notes that each scenario predicts different radio emission levels and spectra. SKAO's sensitivity across frequencies from 0.2 to 11 GHz and integration times from 1 to 1000 hours will reach the radio luminosities expected in all three cases, allowing the observations to separate the scenarios and identify the responsible physical processes.

Core claim

The central claim is that the three scenarios invoked to explain the peculiar properties of JWST-discovered AGN and Little Red Dots each produce distinct radio signatures, so that SKAO continuum surveys will detect radio emission in every case and use the differences in those signatures to determine which physical mechanism is operating.

What carries the argument

The distinct radio emission properties (luminosity and spectral shape) predicted under each of the three scenarios at SKAO sensitivities and frequencies.

If this is right

  • SKAO will detect the radio emission of these AGN under all three scenarios at the stated sensitivities.
  • Observations over 0.2-11 GHz will allow spectral characterization from the local universe to high redshift.
  • Repeated observations can test for radio variability as an additional discriminant.
  • The same data will constrain or rule out alternative black-hole accretion models.

Where Pith is reading between the lines

These are editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

  • If radio data favor the dense-gas cocoon, this would link the objects more closely to models of early galaxy assembly with heavy obscuration.
  • Distinguishing the scenarios could tighten estimates of the black-hole mass density at z greater than 4.
  • The approach suggests a template for using radio surveys to test physical models of other JWST populations that lack X-ray counterparts.

Load-bearing premise

The three scenarios each produce radio emission that differs enough to be told apart at the sensitivities and frequencies reachable by SKAO.

What would settle it

A set of SKAO detections showing the same radio luminosity and spectrum for all such objects, independent of their X-ray or UV properties, or no detections even after 1000-hour integrations where every scenario predicts measurable flux.

Figures

Figures reproduced from arXiv: 2606.30757 by Dharam V. Lal, Giovanni Mazzolari, Hannah \"Ubler, Isabella Prandoni, Ivan Delvecchio, Marcella Brusa, Marco Mignoli, Roberto Gilli, Roberto Maiolino.

Figure 1
Figure 1. Figure 1: Visual representation of the series of failed attempts to detect the radio continuum emission in AGN discovered by JWST via stacking experiments. Blue points represent the results from stacking experiments of photometrically selected LRDs, while red markers indicate samples of spectroscopically confirmed Type I AGN. The average redshift of the samples are 5 < 𝑧 < 6. Work Sample # of Objects Frequency [GHz]… view at source ↗
Figure 2
Figure 2. Figure 2: Predicted radio SED for the three main scenarios that can characterize LRD and JWST discovered AGN compared to the SKAO 5𝜎 detection limits in the different bands. All quantities presented in the panels assume the AGN bolometric luminosity, redshift, and host stellar mass reported above each panel. Red lines represent the expected AGN radio fluxes computed assuming 𝑀𝐵𝐻 = 107.5 M⊙, 𝛼 = −0.5 and for each sce… view at source ↗
Figure 3
Figure 3. Figure 3: Expected 1.4 GHz radio luminosity versus redshift of the JWST discovered Type I AGN on GOODS-N field, assuming the whole H𝛼 emission (broad + narrow) to be due to star formation. The radio luminosity values are compared to the GOODS-N VLA detection limit (∼ 1𝜇Jy) and the SKAO Band-2 detection limits (∼20 times fainter). It will be possible to test the non-AGN scenario for the bulk of the sources. up to ∼ 3… view at source ↗
read the original abstract

The advent of JWST has revealed a large population of AGN at $z>4$, which are $\sim1$ dex more abundant than previously expected, including also the enigmatic population of Little Red Dots (LRDs). Remarkably, the vast majority of JWST-discovered AGN and LRDs are not detected in X-rays, and most of them also show faint rest-frame UV continua and faint high-ionization emission lines, as well as unusually faint emission in the Mid and Far infrared. Recent studies investigating their radio properties have reported no significant detections, even in deep stacking analyses, reaching sensitivities of 0.5-0.1 $\mu$Jy at $z\sim 5-6$, corresponding to $L_{R}\lesssim 10^{39}\rm \ erg\ s^{-1}$. While these non-detections may be consistent with a standard radio-quiet nature, some results suggest that the radio emission might instead be significantly suppressed by other physical phenomena. Three main scenarios have been proposed in the literature to explain the physical properties of these objects across the electromagnetic spectrum: Compton-thick absorption by a broad-line region with high covering-factor, intrinsically weak emission driven by high accretion rates, or the presence of a cocoon of dense ionized gas that produces strong scattering effects. The unprecedented sensitivity of SKAO will enable the detection of the radio emission of these AGN in all three cases. Because each scenario is expected to produce distinct radio signatures, future SKAO continuum surveys will be able to distinguish between them, uncovering the physical processes responsible for their peculiar properties. Observations spanning a wide range of integration times (1-1000 hours) and frequencies with SKA-Mid and SKA-Low (0.2-11 GHz) will allow us to characterize these objects from the local Universe to high redshift, investigate possible radio variability, and test alternative scenarios to black hole accretion.

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, simulated authors' rebuttal, and a circularity audit. Tearing a paper down is the easy half of reading it; the pith above is the substance, this is the friction.

Referee Report

2 major / 0 minor

Summary. The manuscript argues that SKAO continuum surveys (SKA-Mid and SKA-Low, 0.2-11 GHz) will detect radio emission from JWST-discovered AGN and Little Red Dots at z>4, which are currently undetected in X-rays, UV, and IR. It posits that the three scenarios proposed in the literature to explain their properties—Compton-thick absorption by a high-covering-factor broad-line region, intrinsically weak emission at high accretion rates, or a cocoon of dense ionized gas—will each produce distinct radio signatures (in luminosity, spectrum, or variability), allowing future observations with integration times of 1-1000 hours to distinguish between them and characterize the objects across redshifts.

Significance. If the claimed distinguishability holds, the work would identify a practical observational path to test the physical drivers of these high-redshift AGN populations using radio data that can penetrate obscuration, building on existing non-detection limits (L_R ≲ 10^39 erg s^-1 at z~5-6). The manuscript correctly summarizes the multi-wavelength faintness and radio non-detections from recent studies and references published SKAO sensitivity forecasts, but supplies no original quantitative modeling to support separability.

major comments (2)
  1. [Abstract] Abstract: The central claim that 'each scenario is expected to produce distinct radio signatures' and that SKAO 'will be able to distinguish between them' is not supported by any explicit calculations, luminosity functions, spectral-index predictions, absorption models, or simulated spectra for the three scenarios at the quoted SKAO sensitivities (~0.1 μJy). Without these, it is not possible to verify that differences would exceed noise, avoid overlap after redshift and stacking effects, or remain separable across the 0.2-11 GHz range.
  2. [Abstract] Abstract: No error budgets, variability predictions, or comparisons of expected radio properties (e.g., for Compton-thick vs. cocoon scenarios) are provided to demonstrate that the signatures would be observationally distinguishable within the stated integration times (1-1000 hours) or after accounting for the reported non-detection limits from stacking analyses.

Simulated Author's Rebuttal

2 responses · 1 unresolved

We thank the referee for their constructive comments on our manuscript. The points raised correctly identify that the central claims rest on qualitative expectations rather than new quantitative modeling. We respond to each major comment below and indicate where revisions will be made.

read point-by-point responses

  1. Referee: [Abstract] Abstract: The central claim that 'each scenario is expected to produce distinct radio signatures' and that SKAO 'will be able to distinguish between them' is not supported by any explicit calculations, luminosity functions, spectral-index predictions, absorption models, or simulated spectra for the three scenarios at the quoted SKAO sensitivities (~0.1 μJy). Without these, it is not possible to verify that differences would exceed noise, avoid overlap after redshift and stacking effects, or remain separable across the 0.2-11 GHz range.

    Authors: We agree that the manuscript provides no original quantitative calculations, luminosity functions, or simulated spectra. The argument synthesizes expectations from the published literature on how Compton-thick absorption, high-accretion-rate weak emission, and dense ionized cocoons would imprint differently on radio luminosity, spectral index, and variability. We will revise the abstract to state that SKAO observations 'have the potential to distinguish between these scenarios' and add a dedicated paragraph citing specific prior works on radio properties under each physical condition. This is a partial revision, as new modeling lies outside the scope of the present work. revision: partial

  2. Referee: [Abstract] Abstract: No error budgets, variability predictions, or comparisons of expected radio properties (e.g., for Compton-thick vs. cocoon scenarios) are provided to demonstrate that the signatures would be observationally distinguishable within the stated integration times (1-1000 hours) or after accounting for the reported non-detection limits from stacking analyses.

    Authors: The manuscript references existing stacking limits and SKAO sensitivity forecasts but does not supply new error budgets or detailed variability predictions. We will expand the text to include references to studies of radio variability and spectral behavior in obscured AGN, and note how the different scenarios could produce distinguishable outcomes within the quoted integration times. We will also explicitly compare the expected radio properties of the Compton-thick and cocoon cases using published models. This constitutes a partial revision. revision: partial

standing simulated objections not resolved
  • Provision of explicit calculations, luminosity functions, spectral-index predictions, absorption models, or simulated spectra for the three scenarios at SKAO sensitivities, as these require new modeling work beyond the current manuscript.

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged

No significant circularity; claim is qualitative expectation from external literature

full rationale

The paper states that three scenarios from the literature are expected to produce distinct radio signatures, allowing SKAO to distinguish them, but supplies no equations, fitted parameters, self-citations, or derivations that reduce this expectation to the paper's own inputs by construction. The argument rests on external benchmarks (literature scenarios and published SKAO forecasts) without any self-referential reduction or load-bearing self-citation chain. This is the normal case of a self-contained qualitative prediction.

Axiom & Free-Parameter Ledger

0 free parameters · 0 axioms · 0 invented entities

This is a forward-looking proposal paper. No free parameters are fitted, no new axioms are introduced, and no new physical entities are postulated; the claim rests entirely on three scenarios already present in the cited literature and on standard expectations for SKAO continuum sensitivity.

pith-pipeline@v0.9.1-grok · 5916 in / 1232 out tokens · 49440 ms · 2026-07-01T01:22:31.401303+00:00 · methodology

discussion (0)

Sign in with ORCID, Apple, or X to comment. Anyone can read and Pith papers without signing in.

Reference graph

Works this paper leans on

299 extracted references · 284 canonical work pages · 125 internal anchors

  1. [1]

    2026 ,publisher =

    Isabella Prandoni and author2 and author3 and author4 and author5 ,title =. 2026 ,publisher =

    2026

  2. [2]

    The GlimmIr: Spectroscopic Variability in a z~7 LRD Indicates Rapid Changes in Both the Narrow and Broad Line Regions

    The GlimmIr: Spectroscopic Variability in a z -0.5ex 7 LRD Indicates Rapid Changes in Both the Narrow and Broad Line Regions. arXiv e-prints , keywords =. doi:10.48550/arXiv.2604.25991 , archivePrefix =. 2604.25991 , primaryClass =

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.25991

  3. [3]

    , keywords =

    Ruling Out Compact Jets as the Dominant Source of Radio Emission in Radio-quiet, High-Eddington-ratio Active Galactic Nuclei. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ae36a6 , archivePrefix =. 2601.06480 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ae36a6

  4. [4]

    The Radio Quiescence of Active Galaxies with High Accretion Rates

    The Radio Quiescence of Active Galaxies with High Accretion Rates. , keywords =. doi:10.1086/497905 , archivePrefix =. astro-ph/0509198 , primaryClass =

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1086/497905

  5. [5]

    , keywords =

    Analysis of Multi-epoch JWST Images of 300 Little Red Dots: Tentative Detection of Variability in a Minority of Sources. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/adcb3e , archivePrefix =. 2411.02729 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.3847/1538-4357/adcb3e

  6. [6]

    A black hole in a near-pristine galaxy 700 million years after the Big Bang

    A black hole in a near pristine galaxy 700 Myr after the big bang. , keywords =. doi:10.1093/mnras/staf2109 , archivePrefix =. 2505.22567 , primaryClass =

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1093/mnras/staf2109

  7. [7]

    X-ray Eclipses of Active Galactic Nuclei

    X-Ray Eclipses of Active Galactic Nuclei. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aa7fbd , archivePrefix =. 1707.06734 , primaryClass =

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aa7fbd

  8. [8]

    The CaFe Project: Optical Fe II and Near-infrared Ca II Triplet Emission in Active Galaxies. I. Photoionization Modeling. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/abb5b8 , archivePrefix =. 2004.05201 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.3847/1538-4357/abb5b8 2004

  9. [9]

    , keywords =

    A comprehensive radio study of narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202450962 , archivePrefix =. 2510.01307 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202450962

  10. [10]

    Investigating kpc-scale radio emission properties of narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies

    Investigating kpc-scale radio emission properties of narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies. , keywords =. doi:10.1093/mnras/sty1818 , archivePrefix =. 1807.01945 , primaryClass =

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1093/mnras/sty1818

  11. [11]

    Radio jets and gamma-ray emission in radio-silent narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies

    Radio jets and gamma-ray emission in radio-silent narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201833378 , archivePrefix =. 1806.02058 , primaryClass =

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201833378

  12. [12]

    Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences , keywords =

    Narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies with absorbed jets -insights from radio spectral index maps. Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences , keywords =. doi:10.3389/fspas.2021.735310 , archivePrefix =. 2108.08521 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.3389/fspas.2021.735310 2021

  13. [13]

    , keywords =

    BlackTHUNDER: Shedding light on a dormant and extreme little red dot at z = 8.50. , keywords =. doi:10.1093/mnras/stag115 , archivePrefix =. 2509.20455 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1093/mnras/stag115

  14. [14]

    , keywords =

    Subarcsecond view on the high-redshift blazar GB 1508+5714 by the International LOFAR Telescope. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202141720 , archivePrefix =. 2205.11288 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202141720

  15. [15]

    , keywords =

    A Dichotomy in the 1─24 GHz Parsec-scale Radio Spectra of Radio-quiet Quasars. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ada142 , archivePrefix =. 2410.07889 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ada142

  16. [16]

    , keywords =

    Counting Little Red Dots at z < 4 with Ground-based Surveys and Spectroscopic Follow-up. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ae4596 , archivePrefix =. 2504.08032 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ae4596

  17. [17]

    A Black Hole Star at Cosmic Noon: Extreme Balmer break, photospheric continuum, and broad absorption by thick winds in a Little Red Dot at z=1.7

    A Black Hole Star at Cosmic Noon: Extreme Balmer break, photospheric continuum, and broad absorption by thick winds in a Little Red Dot at z=1.7. arXiv e-prints , keywords =. doi:10.48550/arXiv.2603.28335 , archivePrefix =. 2603.28335 , primaryClass =

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.28335

  18. [18]

    , keywords =

    The X-ray weakness of little red dots and JWST-selected AGN: Comparison with local AGN in different accretion regimes. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202557444 , adsurl =

    work page doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202557444

  19. [19]

    The Radio Properties of Seyfert Galaxies in the 12--Micron and CfA Samples

    The Radio Properties of Seyfert Galaxies in the 12 Micron and CfA Samples. , keywords =. doi:10.1086/178132 , archivePrefix =. astro-ph/9606178 , primaryClass =

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1086/178132

  20. [20]

    , keywords =

    The Discovery of Little Red Dots in the Local Universe: Signatures of Cool Gas Envelopes. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ae2bdf , archivePrefix =. 2507.10659 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ae2bdf

  21. [21]

    , keywords =

    Radio detection of a local little red dot. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202558326 , archivePrefix =. 2512.03331 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202558326

  22. [22]

    , keywords =

    Little Red Dots or Brown Dwarfs? NIRSpec Discovery of Three Distant Brown Dwarfs Masquerading as NIRCam-selected Highly Reddened Active Galactic Nuclei. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/acfeec , archivePrefix =. 2308.10900 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.3847/2041-8213/acfeec 2041

  23. [23]

    , keywords =

    Narrow-line AGN selection in CEERS: Spectroscopic selection, physical properties, and X-ray and radio analysis. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202451860 , archivePrefix =. 2408.15615 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202451860

  24. [24]

    , keywords =

    The radio properties of the JWST-discovered AGN. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202453317 , archivePrefix =. 2412.04224 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202453317

  25. [25]

    arXiv e-prints , keywords =

    Radio selection of heavily obscured AGN in the J1030 field: unraveling a missing Compton-thick population. arXiv e-prints , keywords =. doi:10.48550/arXiv.2603.10176 , archivePrefix =. 2603.10176 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.10176

  26. [26]

    arXiv e-prints , keywords =

    Little Red and Blue Dots: simply stratified Broad Line Regions. arXiv e-prints , keywords =. doi:10.48550/arXiv.2603.22277 , archivePrefix =. 2603.22277 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.22277

  27. [27]

    , keywords =

    Little Red Dots as Late-stage Quasi-stars. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ae274a , archivePrefix =. 2507.09085 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ae274a

  28. [28]

    arXiv e-prints , keywords =

    Inside the cocoon: a comprehensive explanation of the spectra of Little Red Dots. arXiv e-prints , keywords =. doi:10.48550/arXiv.2601.18864 , archivePrefix =. 2601.18864 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.48550/arxiv.2601.18864

  29. [29]

    , keywords =

    A population of red candidate massive galaxies 600 Myr after the Big Bang. , keywords =. doi:10.1038/s41586-023-05786-2 , archivePrefix =. 2207.12446 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1038/s41586-023-05786-2

  30. [30]

    arXiv e-prints , keywords =

    The warm outer layer of a Little Red Dot as the source of [Fe II] and collisional Balmer lines with scattering wings. arXiv e-prints , keywords =. doi:10.48550/arXiv.2510.00103 , archivePrefix =. 2510.00103 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.48550/arxiv.2510.00103

  31. [31]

    arXiv e-prints , keywords =

    Irony at z=6.68: a bright AGN with forbidden Fe emission and multi-component Balmer absorption. arXiv e-prints , keywords =. doi:10.48550/arXiv.2510.00101 , archivePrefix =. 2510.00101 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.48550/arxiv.2510.00101

  32. [32]

    , keywords =

    Little Red Dots as the Very First Activity of Black Hole Growth. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/adea66 , archivePrefix =. 2503.05537 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.3847/2041-8213/adea66 2041

  33. [33]

    , keywords =

    Little Red Dots are Nurseries of Massive Black Holes. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ae1619 , archivePrefix =. 2509.02664 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ae1619

  34. [34]

    , keywords =

    Little Red Dots as direct-collapse black hole nurseries. , keywords =. doi:10.1093/mnras/staf1362 , archivePrefix =. 2508.14897 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1093/mnras/staf1362

  35. [35]

    Connecting the Dots: UV-Bright Companions of Little Red Dots as Lyman-Werner Sources Enabling Direct Collapse Black Hole Formation

    Connecting the Dots: UV-Bright Companions of Little Red Dots as Lyman-Werner Sources Enabling Direct Collapse Black Hole Formation. arXiv e-prints , keywords =. doi:10.48550/arXiv.2602.02702 , archivePrefix =. 2602.02702 , primaryClass =

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.48550/arxiv.2602.02702

  36. [36]

    , keywords =

    Little Red Dots at an Inflection Point: Ubiquitous V-shaped Turnover Consistently Occurs at the Balmer Limit. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ae1500 , archivePrefix =. 2411.03424 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ae1500

  37. [37]

    arXiv e-prints , keywords =

    Little Red Dots host Black Hole Stars: A unified family of gas-reddened AGN revealed by JWST/NIRSpec spectroscopy. arXiv e-prints , keywords =. doi:10.48550/arXiv.2511.21820 , archivePrefix =. 2511.21820 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.48550/arxiv.2511.21820

  38. [38]

    arXiv e-prints , keywords =

    The M_ BH -M_ * Relationship at 3<z<7 : Big Black Holes in Little Red Dots. arXiv e-prints , keywords =. doi:10.48550/arXiv.2510.07376 , archivePrefix =. 2510.07376 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.48550/arxiv.2510.07376

  39. [39]

    arXiv e-prints , keywords =

    Constraints on the host galaxy and AGN properties of three z > 6 JWST AGN from NOEMA observations. arXiv e-prints , keywords =. doi:10.48550/arXiv.2603.29652 , archivePrefix =. 2603.29652 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.29652

  40. [40]

    , keywords =

    The Galaxies Missed by Hubble and ALMA: The Contribution of Extremely Red Galaxies to the Cosmic Census at 3 < z < 8. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ad3f17 , archivePrefix =. 2311.07483 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ad3f17

  41. [41]

    , keywords =

    UNCOVER: Candidate Red Active Galactic Nuclei at 3 < z < 7 with JWST and ALMA. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ad3551 , archivePrefix =. 2306.07320 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ad3551

  42. [42]

    Backhaus and Fergus Cullen and Lu Shen and Micaela B

    Kaila Ronayne and Casey Papovich and Allison Kirkpatrick and Bren E. Backhaus and Fergus Cullen and Lu Shen and Micaela B. Bagley and Steven L. Finkelstein and Kurt Hamblin and Jeyhan S. Kartaltepe and Dale D. Kocevski and Anton M. Koekemoer and Erini Lambrides and Fabio Pacucci and Guang Yang , title =. Arxiv:2508.20177v1 , year =

    arXiv

  43. [43]

    Jiyoung Choe and Taysun Kimm and Harley Katz and Maxime Rey and Daniel Han and J. K. Jang and Joki Rosdahl , title =. Arxiv:2510.00400v1 , year =

    arXiv

  44. [44]

    Arxiv:2512.14066v1 , year =

    Saiyang Zhang and Boyuan Liu and Volker Bromm and Florian Kühnel , title =. Arxiv:2512.14066v1 , year =

    arXiv

  45. [45]

    Arxiv:2601.04955v1 , year =

    Sunmyon Chon and Shingo Hirano and Tomoaki Ishiyama and Seok-Jun Chang and Volker Springel , title =. Arxiv:2601.04955v1 , year =

    arXiv

  46. [46]

    arXiv e-prints , keywords =

    Undermassive Hosts of z = 4-6 AGN from JWST/NIRCam Image Decomposition with CONGRESS, FRESCO, and JADES. arXiv e-prints , keywords =. doi:10.48550/arXiv.2601.15962 , archivePrefix =. 2601.15962 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.48550/arxiv.2601.15962

  47. [47]

    BlackTHUNDER strikes twice: rest-frame Balmer-line absorption and high Eddington accretion rate in a Little Red Dot at $z=7.04$

    BlackTHUNDER strikes twice: rest-frame Balmer-line absorption and high Eddington accretion rate in a Little Red Dot at z=7.04. arXiv e-prints , keywords =. doi:10.48550/arXiv.2503.11752 , archivePrefix =. 2503.11752 , primaryClass =

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.48550/arxiv.2503.11752

  48. [48]

    arXiv e-prints , keywords =

    Ruling out dominant electron scattering in Little Red Dots' Rosetta Stone using multiple hydrogen lines. arXiv e-prints , keywords =. doi:10.48550/arXiv.2507.08929 , archivePrefix =. 2507.08929 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.48550/arxiv.2507.08929

  49. [49]

    arXiv e-prints , keywords =

    Impact of Resonance, Raman, and Thomson Scattering on Hydrogen Line Formation in Little Red Dots. arXiv e-prints , keywords =. doi:10.48550/arXiv.2508.08768 , archivePrefix =. 2508.08768 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.48550/arxiv.2508.08768

  50. [50]

    A "Black Hole Star" Reveals the Remarkable Gas-Enshrouded Hearts of the Little Red Dots

    A ``Black Hole Star'' Reveals the Remarkable Gas-Enshrouded Hearts of the Little Red Dots. arXiv e-prints , keywords =. doi:10.48550/arXiv.2503.16596 , archivePrefix =. 2503.16596 , primaryClass =

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.48550/arxiv.2503.16596

  51. [51]

    , keywords =

    Deciphering the JWST spectrum of a 'little red dot' at z 4.53: An obscured AGN and its star-forming host. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202348857 , archivePrefix =. 2312.03065 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202348857

  52. [52]

    , keywords =

    A Lower Bound of Star Formation Activity in Ultra-high-redshift Galaxies Detected with JWST: Implications for Stellar Populations and Radiation Sources. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ac9310 , archivePrefix =. 2208.06872 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ac9310 2041

  53. [53]

    AGN luminosity functions and helium reionization at z = 2-7

    Semi-analytic forecasts for JWST - V. AGN luminosity functions and helium reionization at z = 2-7. , keywords =. doi:10.1093/mnras/stab2761 , archivePrefix =. 2109.13241 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1093/mnras/stab2761

  54. [54]

    , keywords =

    Reionization with galaxies and active galactic nuclei. , keywords =. doi:10.1093/mnras/staa1138 , archivePrefix =. 2001.06021 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1093/mnras/staa1138 2001

  55. [55]

    , keywords =

    The Assembly of Black Hole Mass and Luminosity Functions of High-redshift Quasars via Multiple Accretion Episodes. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/accbbe , archivePrefix =. 2210.02308 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.3847/1538-4357/accbbe

  56. [56]

    , keywords =

    JWST CEERS and JADES Active Galaxies at z = 4-7 Violate the Local M _ -M _ Relation at >3 : Implications for Low-mass Black Holes and Seeding Models. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ad0158 , archivePrefix =. 2308.12331 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ad0158 2041

  57. [57]

    , keywords =

    RUBIES: A spectroscopic census of little red dots: All point sources with v-shaped continua have broad lines. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202555816 , archivePrefix =. 2506.05459 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202555816

  58. [58]

    arXiv e-prints , keywords =

    JADES: comprehensive census of broad-line AGN from Reionization to Cosmic Noon revealed by JWST. arXiv e-prints , keywords =. doi:10.48550/arXiv.2504.03551 , archivePrefix =. 2504.03551 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.48550/arxiv.2504.03551

  59. [59]

    arXiv e-prints , keywords =

    What you see is what you get: empirically measured bolometric luminosities of Little Red Dots. arXiv e-prints , keywords =. doi:10.48550/arXiv.2509.05434 , archivePrefix =. 2509.05434 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.48550/arxiv.2509.05434

  60. [60]

    arXiv e-prints , keywords =

    AGN-heated dust revealed in ``Little Red Dots''. arXiv e-prints , keywords =. doi:10.48550/arXiv.2509.07100 , archivePrefix =. 2509.07100 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.48550/arxiv.2509.07100

  61. [61]

    , keywords =

    A Confirmed Deficit of Hot and Cold Dust Emission in the Most Luminous Little Red Dots. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ade78b , archivePrefix =. 2503.02059 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ade78b 2041

  62. [62]

    , keywords =

    No [C II] or dust detection in two Little Red Dots at z _ spec > 7. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202554361 , archivePrefix =. 2503.01945 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202554361

  63. [63]

    , keywords =

    An Upper Limit of 10 ^ 6 M _ in Dust from ALMA Observations in 60 Little Red Dots. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/adfa91 , archivePrefix =. 2505.18873 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.3847/2041-8213/adfa91 2041

  64. [64]

    , keywords =

    Dust in Little Red Dots. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ad7ba7 , archivePrefix =. 2407.05094 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ad7ba7 2041

  65. [65]

    , keywords =

    The 1.28 GHz MeerKAT Galactic Center Mosaic. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac449a , archivePrefix =. 2201.10541 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac449a

  66. [66]

    , keywords =

    RUBIES: JWST/NIRSpec Confirmation of an Infrared-luminous, Broad-line Little Red Dot with an Ionized Outflow. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/adc1ca , archivePrefix =. 2403.02304 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.3847/1538-4357/adc1ca

  67. [67]

    arXiv e-prints , keywords =

    A big red dot at cosmic noon. arXiv e-prints , keywords =. doi:10.48550/arXiv.2506.12141 , archivePrefix =. 2506.12141 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.48550/arxiv.2506.12141

  68. [68]

    , keywords =

    Another Piece to the Puzzle: Radio Detection of a JWST-detected Active Galactic Nucleus Candidate. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/adddb9 , archivePrefix =. 2501.04912 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.3847/1538-4357/adddb9

  69. [69]

    arXiv e-prints , keywords =

    JWST's little red dots: an emerging population of young, low-mass AGN cocooned in dense ionized gas. arXiv e-prints , keywords =. doi:10.48550/arXiv.2503.16595 , archivePrefix =. 2503.16595 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.48550/arxiv.2503.16595

  70. [70]

    arXiv e-prints , keywords =

    The radio properties of the JWST-discovered AGN. arXiv e-prints , keywords =. doi:10.48550/arXiv.2412.04224 , archivePrefix =. 2412.04224 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.48550/arxiv.2412.04224

  71. [71]

    , keywords =

    BlackTHUNDER - A non-stellar Balmer break in a black hole-dominated little red dot at z = 7.04. , keywords =. doi:10.1093/mnras/staf1867 , archivePrefix =. 2501.13082 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1093/mnras/staf1867

  72. [72]

    , keywords =

    Investigating photometric and spectroscopic variability in the multiply imaged little red dot A2744-QSO1. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202554110 , archivePrefix =. 2502.07875 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202554110

  73. [73]

    , keywords =

    Lack of Rest-frame Ultraviolet Variability in Little Red Dots Based on HST and JWST Observations. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/adc5e3 , archivePrefix =. 2412.05242 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.3847/2041-8213/adc5e3 2041

  74. [75]

    arXiv e-prints , keywords =

    How similar are narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies and high-z type 1 AGN?. arXiv e-prints , keywords =. doi:10.48550/arXiv.2509.03576 , archivePrefix =. 2509.03576 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.48550/arxiv.2509.03576

  75. [76]

    The role of fast magnetic reconnection on the radio and gamma-ray emission from the nuclear regions of microquasars and low luminosity AGNs

    The Role of Fast Magnetic Reconnection on the Radio and Gamma-ray Emission from the Nuclear Regions of Microquasars and Low Luminosity AGNs. , keywords =. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/802/2/113 , archivePrefix =. 1410.3454 , primaryClass =

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1088/0004-637x/802/2/113

  76. [77]

    Gamma rays from jets interacting with BLR clouds in blazars

    Gamma rays from jets interacting with BLR clouds in blazars. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201834231 , archivePrefix =. 1902.07195 , primaryClass =

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201834231 1902

  77. [78]

    , keywords =

    Unprecedented extreme high-frequency radio variability in early-stage active galactic nuclei. , keywords =. doi:10.1093/mnras/stae1701 , archivePrefix =. 2312.02326 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1093/mnras/stae1701

  78. [79]

    A Catalog of Narrow Line Seyfert 1 Galaxies from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 12

    A Catalog of Narrow Line Seyfert 1 Galaxies from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 12. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/1538-4365/aa6971 , archivePrefix =. 1704.07700 , primaryClass =

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.3847/1538-4365/aa6971

  79. [80]

    X-ray perspective of Narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies

    X-ray perspective of Narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies. Revisiting Narrow-Line Seyfert 1 Galaxies and their Place in the Universe , year = 2018, month = apr, eid =. doi:10.22323/1.328.0034 , archivePrefix =. 1807.09838 , primaryClass =

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.22323/1.328.0034 2018

  80. [81]

    X-ray continuum

    Systematic broad-band X-ray study of super-Eddington accretion on to supermassive black holes - I. X-ray continuum. , keywords =. doi:10.1093/mnras/stac3590 , archivePrefix =. 2212.06183 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1093/mnras/stac3590

Showing first 80 references.