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arxiv: 2606.09567 · v1 · pith:2NOOAC5Knew · submitted 2026-06-08 · ✦ hep-ex

Search for new physics using single-lepton events with high multiplicities of jets and b jets in proton-proton collisions at sqrt{s} = 13 TeV

CMS Collaboration This is my paper

Pith reviewed 2026-06-27 14:32 UTC · model grok-4.3

classification ✦ hep-ex
keywords supersymmetrygluinoR-parity violationjet multiplicityb-jet taggingCMS detectorLHCnew physics search
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0 comments X

The pith

No excess observed in high-multiplicity jet events, excluding gluinos below 1890 GeV at 95% CL.

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

The paper reports a search for new physics in proton-proton collisions that produce one lepton and many jets, some tagged as bottom-quark jets, without requiring missing transverse momentum. It targets R-parity violating supersymmetry where gluino pairs each decay to a top, bottom, and strange quark. Background is estimated from simulation and control regions, and the sum of large-radius jet masses serves as the main discriminant. No significant excess appears in the data, which allows the analysis to set an upper limit on gluino mass. This directly constrains one class of models that could produce visible high-multiplicity final states at the LHC.

Core claim

In 138 fb^{-1} of 13 TeV data, the observed event yields in the signal regions agree with background predictions within uncertainties. The search therefore excludes gluino masses below 1890 GeV at 95% confidence level for the specific decay mode in which each gluino produces one top, one bottom, and one strange quark.

What carries the argument

Sum of large-radius jet masses, used to capture the combined effect of high jet multiplicity and high interaction energy that distinguishes the signal from standard-model background.

If this is right

  • Gluino pair production with this three-quark decay is ruled out up to 1890 GeV.
  • The same data set and selection can be reinterpreted for other R-parity violating decay modes.
  • Future runs with higher luminosity will extend the mass reach if background modeling remains stable.

Where Pith is reading between the lines

These are editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

  • The result tightens the parameter space available for baryon-number-violating supersymmetry that could be accessible at the LHC.
  • Similar high-multiplicity searches without missing energy could be applied to other new-physics scenarios that produce many quarks.

Load-bearing premise

The background prediction from simulation and control regions accurately models the data in the high jet-multiplicity signal region without large unaccounted systematics.

What would settle it

A statistically significant excess in any of the high jet-multiplicity signal regions that persists after all background uncertainties are accounted for.

Figures

Figures reproduced from arXiv: 2606.09567 by CMS Collaboration.

Figure 1
Figure 1. Figure 1: Example diagram for the simplified model used as the benchmark signal in strip detect Figure 1: Diagram of the signal model considered in this analysis. Gluinos are produced in [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p004_1.png] view at source ↗
Figure 2
Figure 2. Figure 2: Distributions of Njet (left), Nb (middle), and MJ (right) for tt and signal events in two gluino mass scenarios, after applying the baseline selection, as described in Section 3. corresponding Nb bins in Nlep = 0 region are merged as well for consistency. In each (Nb , Njet) bin, the MJ template is used to predict the background and discriminate the signal from it. The dominant background in the high-Nb bi… view at source ↗
Figure 3
Figure 3. Figure 3: shows the MJ shape comparisons between data and simulation in the κ factor measure￾ment regions for QCD multijet (left), W+jets (middle), and tt (right) in the high-Njet region. The simulation is normalized to data. 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 Events / (300 GeV) Data QCD multijet tt W+jets Other = 1200 GeV×0.01 g m~ m~g = 1800 GeV = 0 Nlep ≥ 9 Njet = 0 Nb (13 TeV) -1 CMS 138 fb 1 2 10 4 10… view at source ↗
Figure 4
Figure 4. Figure 4: The κ factors measured in control regions for the QCD multijet (yellow left), W+jets (purple middle), and tt (blue right) backgrounds. The upper and lower panels correspond to κ1 and κ2 , respectively. In each case, the three points indicate the κ values in each Njet bin. The error bars include the statistical uncertainties of data (dominant) and MC simulation samples [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p01… view at source ↗
Figure 5
Figure 5. Figure 5: shows the background-only post-fit MJ distributions in all analysis bins, while [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p013_5.png] view at source ↗
Figure 6
Figure 6. Figure 6: Cross section upper limits at 95% CL compared to the predicted cross section of gluino [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p014_6.png] view at source ↗
read the original abstract

This paper presents a search for beyond the standard model physics using single-lepton events with a high multiplicity of jets, including those identified as bottom quark jets, without a requirement on missing transverse momentum. The analysis is based on proton-proton collision data collected with the CMS detector at the CERN LHC at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb$^{-1}$. This search is sensitive to $R$-parity violating supersymmetry models, where supersymmetric particles can decay into standard-model particles through interactions that violate baryon number conservation. In particular, the signal model considered is gluino pair production, where each gluino decays into top, bottom, and strange quarks. The sum of large-radius jet masses is used to distinguish the signal from background, as it effectively captures the features of high jet multiplicity and high interaction energy. No significant excess of data over the background predictions is observed. Gluinos in this model have been excluded for masses below 1890 GeV at 95% confidence level.

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, simulated authors' rebuttal, and a circularity audit. Tearing a paper down is the easy half of reading it; the pith above is the substance, this is the friction.

Referee Report

0 major / 3 minor

Summary. The manuscript presents a search for R-parity violating supersymmetry in 13 TeV proton-proton collisions recorded with the CMS detector, corresponding to 138 fb^{-1}. It targets single-lepton events with high jet and b-jet multiplicities (no missing transverse momentum requirement) in a gluino pair-production model where each gluino decays to top, bottom, and strange quarks. The sum of large-radius jet masses serves as the primary discriminant between signal and background. No significant excess over background predictions is observed, leading to a 95% CL exclusion of gluino masses below 1890 GeV.

Significance. If the background modeling and limit-setting procedure hold, the result supplies a competitive constraint on baryon-number-violating SUSY scenarios that is complementary to MET-based searches. The choice of the jet-mass-sum observable is well-motivated for high-multiplicity final states and represents a standard yet effective experimental technique. The analysis follows conventional CMS practices for simulation-based background estimation validated in control regions.

minor comments (3)
  1. The abstract states the exclusion limit but does not quote the exact signal cross-section assumption or the 95% CL construction method (e.g., asymptotic CLs or profile likelihood); a one-sentence clarification would improve standalone readability.
  2. Figure captions and text should explicitly define the large-radius jet algorithm (e.g., anti-kT radius) and the precise jet pT and |η| thresholds used in the multiplicity selection.
  3. A brief statement on the treatment of the dominant systematic uncertainties (jet energy scale, b-tagging, luminosity) in the limit-setting procedure would strengthen the methods section.

Simulated Author's Rebuttal

0 responses · 0 unresolved

We thank the referee for the positive assessment of our manuscript, the accurate summary of the analysis, and the recommendation for minor revision. No major comments were raised.

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged

No significant circularity; standard experimental limit-setting

full rationale

The paper reports a null-result search for RPV gluino production using CMS data at 13 TeV. Background estimation combines simulation with control-region validation; the 95% CL mass limit follows directly from the observed data-to-background comparison in the signal region. No equations, self-citations, or ansatze reduce the quoted exclusion to a fitted parameter or prior result by construction. The derivation chain is externally falsifiable against the recorded dataset and is therefore self-contained.

Axiom & Free-Parameter Ledger

0 free parameters · 1 axioms · 0 invented entities

Relies on standard assumptions about detector response, jet reconstruction, and background modeling from prior CMS publications; no new free parameters or invented entities introduced in the abstract.

axioms (1)
  • domain assumption Standard Model processes and detector effects are correctly simulated for background estimation
    Invoked to predict event yields in the signal region defined by jet multiplicity and sum of large-radius jet masses.

pith-pipeline@v0.9.1-grok · 5722 in / 1031 out tokens · 21428 ms · 2026-06-27T14:32:40.957897+00:00 · methodology

discussion (0)

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Reference graph

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