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arxiv 2408.00560 v1 pith:4CJ56WNU submitted 2024-08-01 physics.plasm-ph physics.acc-phphysics.optics

Highly-efficient electron ponderomotive acceleration in underdense plasmas

classification physics.plasm-ph physics.acc-phphysics.optics
keywords accelerationbeamaveragecurrentelectronexperimentalfutureincreasing
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
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Laser-plasma accelerators represent a promising technology for future compact accelerating systems, enabling the acceleration of tens of pC to above $1\,$GeV over just a few centimeters. Nonetheless, these devices currently lack the stability, beam quality and average current of conventional systems. While many efforts have focused on improving acceleration stability and quality, little progress has been made in increasing the beam's average current, which is essential for future laser-plasma-based applications. In this paper, we investigate a laser-plasma acceleration regime aimed at increasing the beam average current with energies up to few-MeVs, efficiently enhancing the beam charge. We present experimental results on configurations that allow reaching charges of $5-30\,$nC and a maximum conversion efficiency of around $14\,$%. Through comprehensive Particle-In-Cell simulations, we interpret the experimental results and present a detailed study on electron dynamics. From our analysis, we show that most electrons are not trapped in a plasma wave; rather, they experience ponderomotive acceleration. Thus, we prove the laser pulse as the main driver of the particles' energy gain process.

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