pith. sign in

arxiv: 2606.12249 · v1 · pith:6KOOVLUMnew · submitted 2026-06-10 · 🌌 astro-ph.GA

Spatially Resolved Nebular-Stellar Reddening with JWST/NIRISS

Peter J. Watson , Benedetta Vulcani , Tommaso Treu , Ayan Acharyya , Marc Rafelski , Anahita Alavi , Matthew Hayes , Keunho Kim
show 2 more authors
Faezeh Manesh Claudia Scarlata
This is my paper

Pith reviewed 2026-06-27 09:24 UTC · model grok-4.3

classification 🌌 astro-ph.GA
keywords dust attenuationBalmer decrementnebular reddeninggalaxy dust geometryhigh-redshift galaxiesstar formation rate surface densityJWST observations
0
0 comments X

The pith

Spatially resolved Balmer decrements show no evolution in galaxy dust geometry out to z=2.4

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

The paper maps H-alpha and H-beta emission across 99 galaxies at 1

Core claim

There is no significant evolution in the dust geometry within galaxies out to z≲2.4. The nebular-to-continuum reddening ratio remains E(B-V)_SED = (0.46±0.02)E(B-V)_neb, identical to local starbursts, the Balmer decrement shows no values below the intrinsic Case B limit after uncertainties, and the local mass-Balmer decrement correlation is reproduced with no redshift split difference.

What carries the argument

Spatially resolved Balmer decrement (Hα/Hβ) measured on sub-kpc scales via multiregion fitting of emission-line maps, used to separate nebular reddening from stellar continuum reddening.

If this is right

  • The same reddening relations apply across the full stellar mass range 7.0<log M*<10.5 with negligible attenuation below log M*~8.5
  • Differential nebular-stellar reddening increases with both SFR and stellar mass in statistically significant linear relations
  • An empirical calibration now exists that links resolved differential reddening directly to SFR surface density
  • The calibration enables dust corrections for spatially resolved studies at higher redshifts where Balmer lines fall outside observable windows

Where Pith is reading between the lines

These are editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

  • The calibration could be applied to Roman grism observations to correct SFR maps at z>3 without direct Balmer access
  • If the fixed reddening ratio holds, it constrains dust distribution models to maintain similar geometry across cosmic time in typical star-forming galaxies
  • The absence of low Balmer decrements suggests that extreme dust geometries capable of producing apparent Case B violations are rare at these redshifts

Load-bearing premise

The multiregion fitting method extracts unbiased Hα and Hβ maps free of significant continuum subtraction errors or aperture effects that would distort the Balmer decrements.

What would settle it

Detection of a population of spatial regions with Hα/Hβ ratios below the Case B limit that exceeds the expected scatter from observational uncertainties would falsify the no-evolution conclusion.

Figures

Figures reproduced from arXiv: 2606.12249 by Anahita Alavi, Ayan Acharyya, Benedetta Vulcani, Claudia Scarlata, Faezeh Manesh, Keunho Kim, Marc Rafelski, Matthew Hayes, Peter J. Watson, Tommaso Treu.

Figure 1
Figure 1. Figure 1: The S/N distribution of the integrated H α fluxes, as mea￾sured by grizli, shown as a stacked histogram. We separate out galaxies that were determined to have non-SF ionisation (green), galaxies for which integrated H β fluxes could be measured (both blue and orange), and galaxies where H β could be resolved above the background level (blue, see Section 3.2.2). mosaics in the HST/ACS bands F435W, F606W, an… view at source ↗
Figure 3
Figure 3. Figure 3: An illustration of the multi-region approach to fitting NIRISS [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p005_3.png] view at source ↗
Figure 4
Figure 4. Figure 4: The ratio of the integrated emission line fluxes as [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p006_4.png] view at source ↗
Figure 6
Figure 6. Figure 6: The Balmer decrement H α/H β from integrated measure￾ments using both our multiregion method and grizli, on a loga￾rithmic scale, against the logarithm of the galaxy effective radius. On the right-hand side of the axes, we show the equivalent nebu￾lar colour excess, E(B−V)neb. The dotted line indicates the Case B limit, or equivalently E(B − V)neb = 0. where we adopt the Calzetti et al. (2000) extinction c… view at source ↗
Figure 9
Figure 9. Figure 9: The integrated Balmer decrement as a function of total [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p008_9.png] view at source ↗
Figure 11
Figure 11. Figure 11: (A) The correlation between integrated measurements [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p009_11.png] view at source ↗
Figure 12
Figure 12. Figure 12: (A) The correlation between resolved measurements of [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p010_12.png] view at source ↗
read the original abstract

An accurate determination of the dust attenuation within galaxies is essential to derive key physical properties such as the star formation rate (SFR). We present an analysis using the JWST/NIRISS data from the GLASS-JWST ERS programme to investigate and characterise the stellar and nebular reddening of galaxies at $1.0<z<2.4$, down to the sub-kpc scale. We use a multiregion fitting method to extract high-quality H$\alpha$ and H$\beta$ emission line maps for 99 individual galaxies across a stellar mass range $7.0<\log_{10}(M_*/\mathrm{M}_{\odot})<10.5$. We find no evidence for ratios of the Balmer decrement (H$\alpha$/H$\beta$) below the intrinsic limit for Case B recombination, beyond the expected variation from observational uncertainties. We reproduce the local correlation between the Balmer decrement and total stellar mass, and find no measurable difference when splitting the sample by redshift, with negligible attenuation below $\log_{10}(M_*/\mathrm{M}_{\odot})\lesssim8.5$. Similarly, the best-fit relation between the nebular and continuum reddening follows the same relation as in local starburst galaxies, $E(B-V)_{\mathrm{SED}} = (0.46\pm0.02)E(B-V)_{\mathrm{neb}}$, together indicating no significant evolution in the dust geometry within galaxies out to $z\lesssim2.4$. We derive best-fit linear relations between the differential nebular-stellar reddening and the SED-derived star formation rate (SFR) and stellar mass, finding statistically significant relations for both quantities. We use our spatially-resolved measurements to derive an empirical calibration between the resolved differential reddening, and the SFR surface density. These will enable crucial dust attenuation corrections for spatially-resolved science at higher redshifts where the Balmer lines are inaccessible, such as with future Roman grism observations.

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, simulated authors' rebuttal, and a circularity audit. Tearing a paper down is the easy half of reading it; the pith above is the substance, this is the friction.

Referee Report

2 major / 2 minor

Summary. The paper analyzes JWST/NIRISS GLASS-ERS data for 99 galaxies at 1.0 < z < 2.4 (7 < log M*/M⊙ < 10.5) using a multiregion fitting method to extract spatially resolved Hα and Hβ emission-line maps. It reports no Balmer decrements below the Case B intrinsic limit beyond observational uncertainties, reproduces the local Balmer decrement–stellar mass correlation with no detectable redshift evolution, finds the same nebular-to-stellar reddening relation as local starbursts (E(B-V)SED = 0.46 E(B-V)neb), and derives empirical linear calibrations between differential reddening and both total SFR and SFR surface density.

Significance. If the line maps are unbiased, the absence of redshift evolution in dust geometry out to z ≲ 2.4 and the new resolved calibration between differential reddening and ΣSFR constitute a useful empirical anchor for dust corrections at higher redshifts where Balmer lines fall outside accessible bands. The spatially resolved approach and direct use of new JWST data are clear strengths.

major comments (2)
  1. [Methods (multiregion fitting)] Methods section describing the multiregion fitting procedure: no mock-data recovery tests, injected-line simulations, or cross-comparison with independent extractions are presented to quantify possible systematic bias in the recovered Hα/Hβ ratios from continuum subtraction, line blending, or aperture effects. This validation is load-bearing for the central claim that no decrements fall below the Case B limit beyond uncertainties.
  2. [Results (redshift split)] Results on redshift evolution (sample split by redshift): the statement of “no measurable difference” and “no significant evolution” is presented without reported bin sizes, covariance between bins, or power analysis; it is therefore unclear whether the test can rule out evolution at the level claimed.
minor comments (2)
  1. [Abstract] Abstract: the phrase “statistically significant relations” is used for the SFR and mass correlations but no p-values, slope uncertainties, or exact functional forms are quoted.
  2. [Figures] Figure captions and text: several panels show binned medians without accompanying error bars on the medians or the number of galaxies per bin.

Simulated Author's Rebuttal

2 responses · 0 unresolved

We thank the referee for their constructive comments, which help clarify the robustness of our analysis. We address each major comment below and will incorporate the suggested improvements in the revised manuscript.

read point-by-point responses

  1. Referee: Methods section describing the multiregion fitting procedure: no mock-data recovery tests, injected-line simulations, or cross-comparison with independent extractions are presented to quantify possible systematic bias in the recovered Hα/Hβ ratios from continuum subtraction, line blending, or aperture effects. This validation is load-bearing for the central claim that no decrements fall below the Case B limit beyond uncertainties.

    Authors: We agree that explicit validation of the multiregion fitting procedure is important to support the claim that no Balmer decrements fall below the Case B limit beyond uncertainties. In the revised manuscript we will add mock-data recovery tests by injecting simulated Hα and Hβ lines into the NIRISS data cubes, varying continuum levels, line blending, and aperture sizes, and quantifying recovery biases in the extracted ratios. We will also report cross-comparisons with independent line extractions where feasible. revision: yes

  2. Referee: Results on redshift evolution (sample split by redshift): the statement of “no measurable difference” and “no significant evolution” is presented without reported bin sizes, covariance between bins, or power analysis; it is therefore unclear whether the test can rule out evolution at the level claimed.

    Authors: We acknowledge that the redshift-evolution analysis requires additional statistical detail to substantiate the claim of no significant evolution. In the revision we will explicitly report the redshift bin sizes and sample sizes per bin, include the covariance matrix or correlation coefficients between bins, and add a power analysis (or equivalent sensitivity test) to quantify the minimum detectable evolution given the sample variance and uncertainties. revision: yes

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged

No significant circularity; empirical fits to new JWST data

full rationale

The paper extracts Hα and Hβ line maps via multiregion fitting on GLASS-JWST NIRISS observations, measures Balmer decrements, and reports best-fit linear relations (e.g., E(B-V)_SED = (0.46±0.02)E(B-V)_neb and the differential reddening vs. SFR surface density calibration) directly from the resulting measurements. These are presented as empirical results fitted to the data, not as predictions derived from prior parameters or self-definitions. No derivation step reduces by construction to its inputs, no self-citation chain bears the central claims, and the analysis is self-contained against external benchmarks such as local starburst relations. The reported absence of sub-Case-B decrements follows from the observed distribution relative to uncertainties rather than any tautological definition.

Axiom & Free-Parameter Ledger

1 free parameters · 1 axioms · 0 invented entities

The analysis rests on standard Case B recombination assumptions and empirical fitting of reddening relations to new data; one fitted slope is introduced as a free parameter.

free parameters (1)
  • slope relating SED and nebular reddening = 0.46
    The coefficient 0.46 in E(B-V)_SED = (0.46±0.02)E(B-V)_neb is fitted to the observed sample.
axioms (1)
  • standard math Intrinsic Balmer decrement follows Case B recombination value
    Used as the reference limit to check for ratios below the intrinsic value.

pith-pipeline@v0.9.1-grok · 5942 in / 1234 out tokens · 20054 ms · 2026-06-27T09:24:48.378455+00:00 · methodology

discussion (0)

Sign in with ORCID, Apple, or X to comment. Anyone can read and Pith papers without signing in.

Reference graph

Works this paper leans on

299 extracted references · 281 canonical work pages · 17 internal anchors

  1. [1]

    ApJ , volume =

    Dissecting. ApJ , volume =. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac439a , urldate =

    work page doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac439a

  2. [2]

    ApJS , volume =

    Introducing. ApJS , volume =. doi:10.3847/1538-4365/abebe2 , urldate =

    work page doi:10.3847/1538-4365/abebe2

  3. [3]

    ApJ , volume =

    Spatially. ApJ , volume =. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/acba06 , urldate =

    work page doi:10.3847/1538-4357/acba06

  4. [4]

    MNRAS , volume =

    Understanding the Scatter in the Spatially Resolved Star Formation Main Sequence of Local Massive Spiral Galaxies , author =. MNRAS , volume =. doi:10.1093/mnras/stx936 , urldate =

    work page doi:10.1093/mnras/stx936

  5. [5]

    , keywords =

    Abell, George O. and Corwin, Jr., Harold G. and Olowin, Ronald P. , year = 1989, month = may, journal =. A. doi:10.1086/191333 , urldate =

    work page doi:10.1086/191333 1989

  6. [6]

    Accard, C. and B. The. A&A , volume =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202556140 , urldate =

    work page doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202556140

  7. [7]

    Spatially resolved gas-phase metallicity at z~2-3 with JWST/NIRISS

    Acharyya, Ayan and Watson, Peter J. and Vulcani, Benedetta and Treu, Tommaso and Nedkova, Kalina V. and Bunker, Andrew J. and Mehta, Vihang and Atek, Hakim and Battisti, Andrew J. and Hasan, Farhanul and Hayes, Matthew J. and Huberty, Mason and Jones, Tucker and Leethochawalit, Nicha and Lin, Yu-Heng and Malkan, Matthew A. and Metha, Benjamin and Nanayakk...

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.48550/arxiv.2508.05335 2025

  8. [8]

    Akerman, Nina and Tonnesen, Stephanie and Poggianti, Bianca Maria and Smith, Rory and Marasco, Antonino , year = 2023, month = may, journal =. How. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/acbf4d , urldate =

    work page doi:10.3847/1538-4357/acbf4d 2023

  9. [9]

    and Gburek, Timothy and Colbert, James and Mehta, Vihang and Emami, Najmeh and Freeman, William R

    Alavi, Anahita and Siana, Brian and Teplitz, Harry I. and Gburek, Timothy and Colbert, James and Mehta, Vihang and Emami, Najmeh and Freeman, William R. and Richard, Johan and Kim, Keunho , year = 2026, month = feb, journal =. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ae2473 , urldate =

    work page doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ae2473 2026

  10. [10]

    and Lange, S

    Amvrosiadis, A. and Lange, S. and Nightingale, J. W. and He, Q. and Frenk, C. S. and Oman, K. A. and Smail, I. and Swinbank, A. M. and Fragkoudi, F. and Gadotti, D. A. and Cole, S. and Borsato, E. and Robertson, A. and Massey, R. and Cao, X. and Li, R. , year = 2025, month = feb, journal =. The Onset of Bar Formation in a Massive Galaxy at z. doi:10.1093/...

    work page doi:10.1093/mnras/staf048 2025

  11. [11]

    Living with

    An, Sung-Ho and Kim, Juhan and Moon, Jun-Sung and Yoon, Suk-Jin , year = 2019, month = dec, journal =. Living with. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab535f , urldate =

    work page doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab535f 2019

  12. [12]

    Empirical

    Anderson, Jay , year = 2016, month = mar, institution =. Empirical. Technical Report , pages =

    2016

  13. [13]

    Annunziatella, M. and. A&A , volume =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202453298 , urldate =

    work page doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202453298

  14. [14]

    MNRAS , volume =

    Arora, Nikhil and Stone, Connor and Courteau, St. MNRAS , volume =. doi:10.1093/mnras/stab1430 , urldate =

    work page doi:10.1093/mnras/stab1430

  15. [15]

    doi:10.1146/annurev.astro.46.060407.145222 , archivePrefix =

    Asplund, Martin and Grevesse, Nicolas and Sauval, A. Jacques and Scott, Pat , year = 2009, month = sep, journal =. The. doi:10.1146/annurev.astro.46.060407.145222 , urldate =

    work page doi:10.1146/annurev.astro.46.060407.145222 2009

  16. [16]

    , keywords =

    The Star Formation Burstiness and Ionizing Efficiency of Low-Mass Galaxies , author =. MNRAS , volume =. doi:10.1093/mnras/stac360 , urldate =

    work page doi:10.1093/mnras/stac360

  17. [17]

    and Malkan, M

    Atek, H. and Malkan, M. and McCarthy, P. and Teplitz, H. I. and Scarlata, C. and Siana, B. and Henry, A. and Colbert, J. W. and Ross, N. R. and Bridge, C. and Bunker, A. J. and Dressler, A. and Fosbury, R. A. E. and Martin, C. and Shim, H. , year = 2010, month = nov, journal =. The. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/723/1/104 , urldate =

    work page doi:10.1088/0004-637x/723/1/104 2010

  18. [18]

    , year = 1976, month = dec, journal =

    Avni, Y. , year = 1976, month = dec, journal =. Energy Spectra of. doi:10.1086/154870 , urldate =

    work page doi:10.1086/154870 1976

  19. [19]

    Azevedo, Gabriel M. and. Spatially Resolved Self-Consistent Spectral Modelling of Jellyfish Galaxies from. MNRAS , volume =. doi:10.1093/mnras/stad1641 , urldate =

    work page doi:10.1093/mnras/stad1641

  20. [20]

    The Mass Distribution in the Galaxy Cluster

    Babyk,. The Mass Distribution in the Galaxy Cluster. Kinematics and Physics of Celestial Bodies , volume =. doi:10.3103/S0884591312020031 , urldate =

    work page doi:10.3103/s0884591312020031

  21. [21]

    and Trump, Jonathan R

    Backhaus, Bren E. and Trump, Jonathan R. and Cleri, Nikko J. and Simons, Raymond and Momcheva, Ivelina and Papovich, Casey and. ApJ , volume =. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac3919 , urldate =

    work page doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac3919

  22. [22]

    and Bridge, Joanna S

    Backhaus, Bren E. and Bridge, Joanna S. and Trump, Jonathan R. and Cleri, Nikko J. and Papovich, Casey and Simons, Raymond C. and Momcheva, Ivelina and Holwerda, Benne W. and Ji, Zhiyuan and Jung, Intae and Matharu, Jasleen , year = 2023, month = jan, journal =. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aca668 , urldate =

    work page doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aca668 2023

  23. [23]

    Ground-based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy III , year = 2010, editor =

    Bacon, R. and Accardo, M. and Adjali, L. and Anwand, H. and Bauer, S. and Biswas, I. and Blaizot, J. and Boudon, D. and. The. SPIE , volume =. doi:10.1117/12.856027 , urldate =

    work page doi:10.1117/12.856027

  24. [24]

    2023, A&A, 670, A4, doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/202244187

    Bacon, Roland and Brinchmann, Jarle and Conseil, Simon and Maseda, Michael and Nanayakkara, Themiya and Wendt, Martin and Bacher, Raphael and Mary, David and Weilbacher, Peter M. and Krajnovi. The. A&A , volume =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202244187 , urldate =

    work page doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202244187

  25. [25]

    and Scarlata, Claudia and Mehta, Vihang and Teplitz, Harry and Baronchelli, Ivano and Eisenstein, Daniel J

    Bagley, Micaela B. and Scarlata, Claudia and Mehta, Vihang and Teplitz, Harry and Baronchelli, Ivano and Eisenstein, Daniel J. and Pozzetti, Lucia and Cimatti, Andrea and Rutkowski, Michael and Wang, Yun and Merson, Alexander , year = 2020, month = jul, journal =. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab9828 , urldate =

    work page doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab9828 2020

  26. [26]

    B., et al., 2024, @doi [ ] 10.3847/2041-8213/ad2f31 , https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2024ApJ...965L...6B 965, L6

    Bagley, Micaela B. and Pirzkal, Nor and Finkelstein, Steven L. and Papovich, Casey and Berg, Danielle A. and Lotz, Jennifer M. and Leung, Gene C. K. and Ferguson, Henry C. and Koekemoer, Anton M. and Dickinson, Mark and Kartaltepe, Jeyhan S. and Kocevski, Dale D. and Somerville, Rachel S. and Yung, L. Y. Aaron and Backhaus, Bren E. and Casey, Caitlin M. a...

    work page doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ad2f31 2041

  27. [27]

    and Menzel, Donald H

    Baker, James G. and Menzel, Donald H. , year = 1938, month = jul, journal =. Physical. doi:10.1086/143959 , urldate =

    work page doi:10.1086/143959 1938

  28. [28]

    , keywords =

    Classification Parameters for the Emission-Line Spectra of Extragalactic Objects. , author =. PASP , volume =. doi:10.1086/130766 , urldate =

    work page doi:10.1086/130766

  29. [29]

    and Navarro, Julio F

    Balogh, Michael L. and Navarro, Julio F. and Morris, Simon L. , year = 2000, month = sep, journal =. The. doi:10.1086/309323 , urldate =

    work page doi:10.1086/309323 2000

  30. [30]

    2016 , publisher =

    Barbary, Kyle , year = 2016, month = oct, journal =. doi:10.21105/joss.00058 , urldate =

    work page doi:10.21105/joss.00058 2016

  31. [31]

    ApJ , volume =

    Bari. ApJ , volume =. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ada617 , urldate =

    work page doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ada617

  32. [32]

    RNAAS , volume =

    Revisiting the. RNAAS , volume =. doi:10.3847/2515-5172/ac9061 , urldate =

    work page doi:10.3847/2515-5172/ac9061

  33. [33]

    Barro, Guillermo and. The. ApJS , volume =. doi:10.3847/1538-4365/ab23f2 , urldate =

    work page doi:10.3847/1538-4365/ab23f2

  34. [34]

    and Wisnioski, Emily and Damjanov, Ivana and Abraham, Roberto and Obreschkow, Danail and Green, Andrew W

    Bassett, Robert and Glazebrook, Karl and Fisher, David B. and Wisnioski, Emily and Damjanov, Ivana and Abraham, Roberto and Obreschkow, Danail and Green, Andrew W. and. Integrated and Resolved Dust Attenuation in Clumpy Star-Forming Galaxies at 0.07. MNRAS , volume =. doi:10.1093/mnras/stw2983 , urldate =

    work page doi:10.1093/mnras/stw2983

  35. [35]

    Battisti, A. J. and Bagley, M. B. and Baronchelli, I. and Dai, Y. S. and Henry, A. L. and Malkan, M. A. and Alavi, A. and Calzetti, D. and Colbert, J. and McCarthy, P. J. and Mehta, V. and Rafelski, M. and Scarlata, C. and Shivaei, I. and Wisnioski, E. , year = 2022, month = jul, journal =. The Average Dust Attenuation Curve at z 1.3 Based on. doi:10.1093...

    work page doi:10.1093/mnras/stac1052 2022

  36. [36]

    The Average Star Formation Histories of Galaxies in Dark Matter Halos from z=0-8

    Behroozi, Peter S. and Wechsler, Risa H. and Conroy, Charlie , year = 2013, month = jun, journal =. The. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/770/1/57 , urldate =

    work page internal anchor Pith review doi:10.1088/0004-637x/770/1/57 2013

  37. [37]

    and Jaff

    Bellhouse, C. and Jaff. ApJ , volume =. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aa7875 , urldate =

    work page doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aa7875

  38. [38]

    MNRAS , volume =

    Bellhouse, Callum and Jaff. MNRAS , volume =. doi:10.1093/mnras/stz460 , urldate =

    work page doi:10.1093/mnras/stz460

  39. [39]

    and Smith, Rory and Poggianti, Bianca M

    Bellhouse, Callum and McGee, Sean L. and Smith, Rory and Poggianti, Bianca M. and Jaff. MNRAS , volume =. doi:10.1093/mnras/staa3298 , urldate =

    work page doi:10.1093/mnras/staa3298

  40. [40]

    and Rodighiero, Giulia and Poggianti, Bianca M

    Benotto, Pietro and Vulcani, Benedetta and Watson, Peter J. and Rodighiero, Giulia and Poggianti, Bianca M. and Gullieuszik, Marco and Fritz, Jacopo and Lai, Thomas S.-Y. and Lassen, Augusto E. and Malkan, Matthew A. and Moretti, Alessia , year = 2026, month = feb, journal =. Spatially Resolved. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202558016 , urldate =

    work page doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202558016 2026

  41. [41]

    and Schuldt, S

    Bergamini, P. and Schuldt, S. and Acebron, A. and Grillo, C. and Me. Augmenting the Power of Time-Delay Cosmography in Lens Galaxy Clusters by Probing Their Member Galaxies. A&A , volume =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202348267 , urldate =

    work page doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202348267

  42. [42]

    and Meneghetti, Massimo and Nonino, Mario and Boyett, Kristan and Brada

    Bergamini, Pietro and Acebron, Ana and Grillo, Claudio and Rosati, Piero and Caminha, Gabriel Bartosch and Mercurio, Amata and Vanzella, Eros and Mason, Charlotte and Treu, Tommaso and Angora, Giuseppe and Brammer, Gabriel B. and Meneghetti, Massimo and Nonino, Mario and Boyett, Kristan and Brada. The. ApJ , volume =. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/acd643 , urldate =

    work page doi:10.3847/1538-4357/acd643

  43. [43]

    and Acebron, A

    Bergamini, P. and Acebron, A. and Grillo, C. and Rosati, P. and Caminha, G. B. and Mercurio, A. and Vanzella, E. and Angora, G. and Brammer, G. and Meneghetti, M. and Nonino, M. , year = 2023, month = feb, journal =. New High-Precision Strong Lensing Modeling of. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202244575 , urldate =

    work page doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202244575 2023

  44. [44]

    JWST Prop

    Deep Grism Spectroscopy of the Complex Environment around an Extremely Red Quasar within an Ultramassive Host at Z=3 , author =. JWST Prop. Cy. 2 , pages =

  45. [45]

    , keywords =

    Bertin, E. and Arnouts, S. , year = 1996, month = jun, journal =. doi:10.1051/aas:1996164 , urldate =

    work page doi:10.1051/aas:1996164 1996

  46. [46]

    , keywords =

    Bevacqua, Davide and Marchesini, Danilo and Saracco, Paolo and La Barbera, Francesco and Pan, Richard and Belli, Sirio and Brammer, Gabriel and De Marchi, Guido and Ditrani, Fabio R. and Giardino, Giovanna and Glazebrook, Karl and La Torre, Valentina and Lin, Jamie and Muzzin, Adam and Roy, Namrata and Santini, Paola and Vulcani, Benedetta and Watson, Pet...

    work page doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ae247c 2026

  47. [47]

    E., et al

    Bezanson, Rachel and Labbe, Ivo and Whitaker, Katherine E. and Leja, Joel and Price, Sedona H. and Franx, Marijn and Brammer, Gabriel and Marchesini, Danilo and Zitrin, Adi and Wang, Bingjie and Weaver, John R. and Furtak, Lukas J. and Atek, Hakim and Coe, Dan and Cutler, Sam E. and Dayal, Pratika and. The. ApJ , volume =. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ad66cf , urldate =

    work page doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ad66cf

  48. [48]

    Bik, A. and. Clumpy Star Formation and an Obscured Nuclear Starburst in the Luminous Dusty z = 4 Galaxy. A&A , volume =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202348845 , urldate =

    work page doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202348845

  49. [49]

    Stripped

    B. Stripped. ApJ , volume =. doi:10.1086/304461 , urldate =

    work page doi:10.1086/304461

  50. [50]

    CIGALE: a python Code Investigating GALaxy Emission

    Boquien, M. and Burgarella, D. and Roehlly, Y. and Buat, V. and Ciesla, L. and Corre, D. and Inoue, A. K. and Salas, H. , year = 2019, month = feb, journal =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201834156 , urldate =

    work page internal anchor Pith review doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201834156 2019

  51. [51]

    and Calzetti, D

    Boquien, M. and Calzetti, D. and Aalto, S. and Boselli, A. and Braine, J. and Buat, V. and Combes, F. and Israel, F. and Kramer, C. and Lord, S. and Rela. Measuring Star Formation with Resolved Observations: The Test Case of. A&A , volume =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201423518 , urldate =

    work page doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201423518

  52. [52]

    and Girardi, M

    Boschin, W. and Girardi, M. and Spolaor, M. and Barrena, R. , year = 2006, month = apr, journal =. Internal Dynamics of the Radio Halo Cluster. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20054408 , urldate =

    work page doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20054408 2006

  53. [53]

    A&AR , volume =

    Ram Pressure Stripping in High-Density Environments , author =. A&AR , volume =. doi:10.1007/s00159-022-00140-3 , urldate =

    work page doi:10.1007/s00159-022-00140-3

  54. [54]

    and Fossati, M

    Boselli, A. and Fossati, M. and Ferrarese, L. and Boissier, S. and Consolandi, G. and Longobardi, A. and Amram, P. and Balogh, M. and Barmby, P. and Boquien, M. and Boulanger, F. and Braine, J. and Buat, V. and Burgarella, D. and Combes, F. and Contini, T. and Cortese, L. and C. A. A&A , volume =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201732407 , urldate =

    work page doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201732407

  55. [55]

    2016, A&A, 596, A63, doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/201629080

    Convolution Kernels for Multi-Wavelength Imaging , author =. A&A , volume =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201629080 , urldate =

    work page doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201629080

  56. [56]

    Bouwens, R. J. and Illingworth, G. D. and Oesch, P. A. and Labb. ApJ , volume =. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/793/2/115 , urldate =

    work page doi:10.1088/0004-637x/793/2/115

  57. [57]

    and Mascia, S

    Boyett, K. and Mascia, S. and Pentericci, L. and Leethochawalit, N. and Trenti, M. and Brammer, G. and. Early. ApJ , volume =. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ac9f17 , urldate =

    work page doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ac9f17 2041

  58. [58]

    Braglia, F. G. and Pierini, D. and Biviano, A. and B. Multi-Wavelength Study of. A&A , volume =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/200811589 , urldate =

    work page doi:10.1051/0004-6361/200811589

  59. [59]

    Brammer, Gabriel B. and. ApJS , volume =. doi:10.1088/0067-0049/200/2/13 , urldate =

    work page doi:10.1088/0067-0049/200/2/13

  60. [60]

    Brammer, Gabe , year = 2019, month = may, journal =. Grizli:

    2019

  61. [61]

    Journal of Chemometrics , volume =

    A Fast Non-Negativity-Constrained Least Squares Algorithm , author =. Journal of Chemometrics , volume =. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1099-128X(199709/10)11:5<393::AID-CEM483>3.0.CO;2-L , urldate =

    work page doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-128x(199709/10)11:5

  62. [62]

    ApJ , volume =

    On the Interpretation of Radio Recombination Line Observations , author =. ApJ , volume =. doi:10.1093/mnras/157.2.179 , urldate =

    work page doi:10.1093/mnras/157.2.179

  63. [63]

    Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society , author =

    Stellar Population Synthesis at the Resolution of 2003 , author =. MNRAS , volume =. doi:10.1046/j.1365-8711.2003.06897.x , urldate =

    work page doi:10.1046/j.1365-8711.2003.06897.x 2003

  64. [64]

    and Georgakakis, A

    Buchner, J. and Georgakakis, A. and Nandra, K. and Hsu, L. and Rangel, C. and Brightman, M. and Merloni, A. and Salvato, M. and Donley, J. and Kocevski, D. , year = 2014, month = apr, journal =. X-Ray Spectral Modelling of the. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201322971 , urldate =

    work page internal anchor Pith review doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201322971 2014

  65. [65]

    , archivePrefix = "arXiv", eprint =

    Bundy, Kevin and Bershady, Matthew A. and Law, David R. and Yan, Renbin and Drory, Niv and MacDonald, Nicholas and Wake, David A. and Cherinka, Brian and. Overview of the. ApJ , volume =. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/798/1/7 , urldate =

    work page internal anchor Pith review doi:10.1088/0004-637x/798/1/7

  66. [66]

    Zenodo , archiveprefix =

    Bushouse, Howard and Eisenhamer, Jonathan and Dencheva, Nadia and Davies, James and Greenfield, Perry and Morrison, Jane and Hodge, Phil and Simon, Bernie and Grumm, David and Droettboom, Michael and Slavich, Edward and Sosey, Megan and Pauly, Tyler and Miller, Todd and Jedrzejewski, Robert and Hack, Warren and Davis, David and Crawford, Steven and Law, D...

    work page doi:10.5281/zenodo.14597407

  67. [67]

    and Conroy, Charlie and Johnson, Benjamin D

    Byler, Nell and Dalcanton, Julianne J. and Conroy, Charlie and Johnson, Benjamin D. , year = 2017, month = may, journal =. Nebular. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aa6c66 , urldate =

    work page doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aa6c66 2017

  68. [68]

    Byrd, Gene and Valtonen, Mauri , year = 1990, month = feb, journal =. Tidal. doi:10.1086/168362 , urldate =

    work page doi:10.1086/168362 1990

  69. [69]

    Calzetti, Daniela and Kinney, Anne L. and. Dust. ApJ , volume =. doi:10.1086/176797 , urldate =

    work page doi:10.1086/176797

  70. [70]

    C., et al

    Calzetti, Daniela and Armus, Lee and Bohlin, Ralph C. and Kinney, Anne L. and Koornneef, Jan and. The. ApJ , volume =. doi:10.1086/308692 , urldate =

    work page internal anchor Pith review doi:10.1086/308692

  71. [71]

    Calzetti, Daniela , year = 2001, month = dec, journal =. The. doi:10.1086/324269 , urldate =

    work page doi:10.1086/324269 2001

  72. [72]

    and Gregg, Benjamin and Krumholz, Mark R

    Calzetti, Daniela and Adamo, Angela and Linden, Sean T. and Gregg, Benjamin and Krumholz, Mark R. and Bajaj, Varun and Bik, Arjan and Cignoni, Michele and Correnti, Matteo and Elmegreen, Bruce and Faustino Vieira, Helena and Gallagher, John S. and Grasha, Kathryn and Gutermuth, Robert A. and Johnson, Kelsey E. and Messa, Matteo and Melinder, Jens and. ApJ...

    work page doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ad53c0

  73. [73]

    , archivePrefix = "arXiv", eprint =

    Spatially. ApJ , volume =. doi:10.3847/2041-8205/821/2/L26 , urldate =

    work page doi:10.3847/2041-8205/821/2/l26 2041

  74. [74]

    Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society , author =

    Cappellari, Michele and Copin, Yannick , year = 2003, month = jun, journal =. Adaptive Spatial Binning of Integral-Field Spectroscopic Data Using. doi:10.1046/j.1365-8711.2003.06541.x , urldate =

    work page doi:10.1046/j.1365-8711.2003.06541.x 2003

  75. [75]

    doi:10.1093/mnras/staf1726 , urldate =

    Cappellari, Michele , year = 2025, month = dec, journal =. doi:10.1093/mnras/staf1726 , urldate =

    work page doi:10.1093/mnras/staf1726 2025

  76. [76]

    , keywords =

    Cardelli, Jason A. and Clayton, Geoffrey C. and Mathis, John S. , year = 1989, month = oct, journal =. The. doi:10.1086/167900 , urldate =

    work page doi:10.1086/167900 1989

  77. [77]

    Cardoso, Leandro S. M. and Gomes, Jean Michel and Papaderos, Polychronis , year = 2017, month = aug, journal =. Impact of an. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201630378 , urldate =

    work page doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201630378 2017

  78. [78]

    Carnall, A. C. and McLure, R. J. and Dunlop, J. S. and Dav. Inferring the Star Formation Histories of Massive Quiescent Galaxies with. MNRAS , volume =. doi:10.1093/mnras/sty2169 , urldate =

    work page internal anchor Pith review doi:10.1093/mnras/sty2169

  79. [79]

    and Belfiore, F

    Cataldi, E. and Belfiore, F. and Curti, M. and Moreschini, B. and Mannucci, F. and D'Amato, Q. and Cresci, G. and Feltre, A. and Ginolfi, M. and Marconi, A. and Amiri, A. and Arnaboldi, M. and Bertola, E. and Bracci, C. and Carniani, S. and Ceci, M. and Chakraborty, A. and Cirasuolo, M. and Cullen, F. and Kobayashi, C. and Kumari, N. and Maiolino, R. and ...

    work page doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202554843 2025

  80. [80]

    , author =

    X-Rays from Hot Plasma in Clusters of Galaxies. , author =. A&A , volume =

Showing first 80 references.