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Real-time Photorealistic Dynamic Scene Representation and Rendering with 4D Gaussian Splatting

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arxiv 2310.10642 v3 pith:AOABQOXY submitted 2023-10-16 cs.CV

classification cs.CV
keywords scenedynamiccomplexmodelingrenderingtimeappearancedeformation
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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Reconstructing dynamic 3D scenes from 2D images and generating diverse views over time is challenging due to scene complexity and temporal dynamics. Despite advancements in neural implicit models, limitations persist: (i) Inadequate Scene Structure: Existing methods struggle to reveal the spatial and temporal structure of dynamic scenes from directly learning the complex 6D plenoptic function. (ii) Scaling Deformation Modeling: Explicitly modeling scene element deformation becomes impractical for complex dynamics. To address these issues, we consider the spacetime as an entirety and propose to approximate the underlying spatio-temporal 4D volume of a dynamic scene by optimizing a collection of 4D primitives, with explicit geometry and appearance modeling. Learning to optimize the 4D primitives enables us to synthesize novel views at any desired time with our tailored rendering routine. Our model is conceptually simple, consisting of a 4D Gaussian parameterized by anisotropic ellipses that can rotate arbitrarily in space and time, as well as view-dependent and time-evolved appearance represented by the coefficient of 4D spherindrical harmonics. This approach offers simplicity, flexibility for variable-length video and end-to-end training, and efficient real-time rendering, making it suitable for capturing complex dynamic scene motions. Experiments across various benchmarks, including monocular and multi-view scenarios, demonstrate our 4DGS model's superior visual quality and efficiency.

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Forward citations

Cited by 22 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. OpenAlex reports about 33 citations worldwide. Full citation record

  1. ASTRA: Asynchronous Spatio-Temporal Reconstruction via Trajectory Alignment

    cs.CV 2026-08 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

    ASTRA jointly estimates camera time offsets and dynamic Gaussian geometry by aligning projected 3D motion with observed 2D trajectory tracks, improving robustness to large asynchrony.

  2. DGS-LRM: Real-Time Deformable 3D Gaussian Reconstruction From Monocular Videos

    cs.GR 2025-06 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

    A single feed-forward transformer predicts per-pixel deformable 3D Gaussians with dense scene flow from a posed monocular video, enabling real-time dynamic view synthesis and 3D tracking.

  3. DeGS: A Scalable 3DGS Architecture via Decoupled Workload Parsing and Reorganization

    cs.AR 2026-08 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    DeGS restructures 3DGS rendering into span parsing, task reorganization, and dense blending stages, achieving 1.8x-7.2x speedup and >80% scaling utilization over prior 3DGS accelerators.

  4. 4DHumanDiff: Direct Text-to-4DGS Generation for Consistent 360-Degree Dynamic Humans

    cs.CV 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    A diffusion model trained on 60,000 fitted 4D Gaussian Splatting human clips generates text-prompted, view-consistent dynamic humans directly in 4D, over 10x faster than video-first pipelines.

  5. ECoNGS: Efficient Compressive Neural Gaussian Splats for Volume Visualization

    cs.CV 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    ECoNGS compresses volume-visualization scenes into entropy-coded neural Gaussian splats that are up to 6x smaller, train up to 6x faster, and render more accurately than the prior iVR-GS method.

  6. ChronoGS: Disentangling Invariants and Changes in Multi-Period Scenes

    cs.GR 2025-11 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    A single shared Gaussian scaffold with per-period features and opacity gating reconstructs multi-period scenes better than static and dynamic baselines on a new 12-scene benchmark.

  7. Style4D-Bench: A Benchmark Suite for 4D Stylization

    cs.CV 2025-08 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Style4D-Bench introduces a 12-metric evaluation protocol and a 4DGS-based baseline, Style4D, claimed to achieve state-of-the-art 4D stylization.

  8. Laplacian Analysis Meets Dynamics Modelling: Gaussian Splatting for 4D Reconstruction

    cs.GR 2025-08 unverdicted novelty 6.0 of 10

    A Laplacian-enhanced hybrid encoding method for 4D Gaussian Splatting that claims better reconstruction fidelity for dynamic scenes.

  9. High-fidelity 3D Gaussian Inpainting: preserving multi-view consistency and photorealistic details

    cs.CV 2025-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    A 3D Gaussian inpainting framework with automatic mask refinement and depth-initialized uncertainty weighting balances multi-view consistency and visual detail, reporting the best LPIPS on the SPIn-NeRF dataset.

  10. Vid-CamEdit: Video Camera Trajectory Editing with Generative Rendering from Estimated Geometry

    cs.CV 2025-06 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Vid-CamEdit re-synthesizes monocular videos along user-defined camera paths by conditioning a video diffusion model on 2D flows derived from estimated 3D geometry, without training on multi-view video data.

  11. Vid2Sim: Generalizable, Video-based Reconstruction of Appearance, Geometry and Physics for Mesh-free Simulation

    cs.GR 2025-06 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Vid2Sim recovers 3D geometry, appearance, and elastic material parameters from multi-view videos using a feed-forward network plus a fast refinement, enabling mesh-free reduced-order simulation.

  12. FreeTimeGS: Free Gaussian Primitives at Anytime and Anywhere for Dynamic Scene Reconstruction

    cs.CV 2025-06 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    A dynamic-scene representation where Gaussian primitives live freely in 4D space-time with linear motion and Gaussian time windows achieves state-of-the-art novel-view quality on complex-motion benchmarks.

  13. Not All Frame Features Are Equal: Video-to-4D Generation via Decoupling Dynamic-Static Features

    cs.CV 2025-02 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    A video-to-4D generation method that decouples dynamic and static features in DINOv2 space and fuses similar dynamic information across views reports state-of-the-art scores on Consistent4D and Objaverse.

  14. 3D Gaussian Representations with Motion Trajectory Field for Dynamic Scene Reconstruction

    cs.RO 2025-08 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    A 3D Gaussian Splatting model whose Gaussian centers are represented as a learned combination of shared global motion bases recovers dynamic scenes and motion trajectories from monocular video.

  15. SD-GS: Structured Deformable 3D Gaussians for Efficient Dynamic Scene Reconstruction

    cs.GR 2025-07 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    SD-GS combines anchor-based 3D Gaussians with a deformation field and a deformation-aware densification strategy to reconstruct dynamic scenes more compactly and faster than prior 4D Gaussian methods.

  16. LocalDyGS: Multi-view Global Dynamic Scene Modeling via Adaptive Local Implicit Feature Decoupling

    cs.CV 2025-07 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    LocalDyGS reconstructs dynamic scenes by decomposing space into seed-based local regions and generating time-varying Temporal Gaussians, though its claim of being first for large-scale scenes omits the existing Swift4...

  17. RoboPearls: Editable Video Simulation for Robot Manipulation

    cs.CV 2025-06 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    RoboPearls is a 3D Gaussian Splatting based framework that edits demonstration videos into varied photorealistic simulations, and training on them improves robot manipulation success rates on RLBench and COLOSSEUM.

  18. SkinningGS: Editable Dynamic Human Scene Reconstruction Using Gaussian Splatting Based on a Skinning Model

    cs.GR 2025-06 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    A UV-texture-driven Gaussian splatting avatar method claims faster, leaner, and better human-scene reconstruction than HUGS, but its tables contain internal inconsistencies.

  19. UAV4D: Dynamic Neural Rendering of Human-Centric UAV Imagery using Gaussian Splatting

    cs.CV 2025-06 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    UAV4D reconstructs 4D scenes from monocular drone video by fitting a single global scale to align human meshes with the background mesh, then renders with separate Gaussian splats.

  20. SuperGS: Consistent and Detailed 3D Super-Resolution Scene Reconstruction via Gaussian Splatting

    cs.CV 2025-05 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    SuperGS outperforms prior Gaussian-splatting methods on high-resolution novel view synthesis by combining a latent feature field, multi-view voting densification, and variational uncertainty weighting.

  21. DBMovi-GS: Dynamic View Synthesis from Blurry Monocular Video via Sparse-Controlled Gaussian Splatting

    cs.CV 2025-06 conditional novelty 4.0 of 10

    A Gaussian-splatting method densifies sparse points and combines object and camera motion models to produce sharp novel views from blurry monocular video.

  22. Advances and Trends in the 3D Reconstruction of the Shape and Motion of Animals

    cs.CV 2025-08 conditional novelty 3.0 of 10

    A structured review of 3D animal reconstruction covering explicit, parametric, implicit, and Gaussian splatting representations, with a comparison of six methods and a dataset overview.

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