Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

LLMs Outperform Experts on Challenging Biology Benchmarks

As of 18 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 3 of 3 outbound references and 5 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2505.06108.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2505.06108 v3

Coverage vector

measured 3 of 3 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-15T22:50:49.704789Z

measured 8 of 8 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00

measured 5 of 5 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-07-01T07:22:25.349398Z

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: arxiv_reference, observed 2026-07-01T20:56:14.383793Z

Reference resolution

3 of 3 outbound references displayed

verified exact0
verified fuzzy0
unresolved3
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier0
metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation b9ae2163-0b41-4b66-a862-745112ac1a97 · outbound

This paper cites GPT-4 Technical Report.

LLMs Outperform Experts on Challenging Biology Benchmarks GPT-4 Technical Report

Reference 1

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T22:50:49.694668Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 35d19ee8-5d53-4ede-b2c2-bd9c4fc69316 · outbound

This paper cites RE-Bench: Evaluating frontier AI R&D capabilities of language model agents against human experts.

LLMs Outperform Experts on Challenging Biology Benchmarks RE-Bench: Evaluating frontier AI R&D capabilities of language model agents against human experts

Reference 3

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T22:50:49.704789Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 83ddcea1-d42d-4423-a05d-af507022d0f6 · outbound

This paper cites LAB-Bench: Measuring Capabilities of Language Models for Biology Research.

LLMs Outperform Experts on Challenging Biology Benchmarks LAB-Bench: Measuring Capabilities of Language Models for Biology Research

Reference 2024

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T22:50:49.700337Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Pith citing papers

Observation 9df7ae24-de2d-4e6d-aa4c-723214bf7c3f · inbound

SciPredict: Can LLMs Predict the Outcomes of Scientific Experiments in Natural Sciences? cites this paper.

SciPredict: Can LLMs Predict the Outcomes of Scientific Experiments in Natural Sciences? LLMs Outperform Experts on Challenging Biology Benchmarks

Reference 23

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-11T09:36:03.539063Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation d00520f4-7a1b-4d5b-94d1-cc18d34c07ad · inbound

Jailbroken Frontier Models Retain Their Capabilities cites this paper.

Jailbroken Frontier Models Retain Their Capabilities LLMs Outperform Experts on Challenging Biology Benchmarks

Reference 9

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-11T15:26:09.868082Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation d469c0e9-8943-48d9-b21c-96b07c11237f · inbound

ASPI: Seeking Ambiguity Clarification Amplifies Prompt Injection Vulnerability in LLM Agents cites this paper.

ASPI: Seeking Ambiguity Clarification Amplifies Prompt Injection Vulnerability in LLM Agents LLMs Outperform Experts on Challenging Biology Benchmarks

Reference 70

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-19T23:57:53.412232Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation 910c8c4a-5df8-4c50-a517-639ea3aabbdb · inbound

Reasoning4Sciences: Bridging Reasoning Language Models to All Scientific Branches cites this paper.

Reasoning4Sciences: Bridging Reasoning Language Models to All Scientific Branches LLMs Outperform Experts on Challenging Biology Benchmarks

Reference 131

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-07-01T20:56:14.385451Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation c6330abf-11a0-4b2b-95f1-ec57577473f6 · inbound

Reasoning4Sciences: Bridging Reasoning Language Models to All Scientific Branches cites this paper.

Reasoning4Sciences: Bridging Reasoning Language Models to All Scientific Branches LLMs Outperform Experts on Challenging Biology Benchmarks

Reference 142

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-07-01T08:35:33.897931Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.