Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

The formation of massive black holes through collision runaway in dense young star clusters

As of 15 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 0 of 0 outbound references and 13 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:astro-ph/0402622.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
astro-ph/0402622 v1

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measured 0 of 0 reference resolution

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Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links

measured 13 of 13 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00

measured 13 of 13 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-14T13:36:14.181964Z

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: pith, observed 2026-06-29T02:13:00.110059Z

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Outbound references

No outbound reference observations are available for this paper version.

Pith citing papers

Observation 6dd58617-31ea-41ed-8e66-997f1730dc59 · inbound

Detectability of Intermediate-Mass Black Holes in Multiband Gravitational Wave Astronomy cites this paper.

Detectability of Intermediate-Mass Black Holes in Multiband Gravitational Wave Astronomy The formation of massive black holes through collision runaway in dense young star clusters

Reference 25

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-14T13:36:14.181964Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation f1478cea-d67a-46ae-8dc5-fbf12471b22a · inbound

Gravitational wave inference of star cluster properties from intermediate-mass black hole mergers cites this paper.

Gravitational wave inference of star cluster properties from intermediate-mass black hole mergers The formation of massive black holes through collision runaway in dense young star clusters

Reference 29

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T13:27:10.162238Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 8242a62d-c095-4f89-b4f1-e35838cea9ec · inbound

Ultraviolet diversity of Little Red Dots as a probe for direct-collapse black hole ages cites this paper.

Ultraviolet diversity of Little Red Dots as a probe for direct-collapse black hole ages The formation of massive black holes through collision runaway in dense young star clusters

Reference 250

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-06-28T21:52:40.193235Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation 27004fe8-69c8-4121-bd6c-9cbac69a09d8 · inbound

Can current models predict the local black hole merger rate? cites this paper.

Can current models predict the local black hole merger rate? The formation of massive black holes through collision runaway in dense young star clusters

Reference 77

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-06-28T13:02:10.756902Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation eee2bbb6-ea7a-4d6e-bcb4-7ed1057ab4b1 · inbound

The first decade of gravitational-wave measurements of black hole spins cites this paper.

The first decade of gravitational-wave measurements of black hole spins The formation of massive black holes through collision runaway in dense young star clusters

Reference 32

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-06-28T00:21:27.585249Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation 4fae0465-6cc3-4c2f-b033-bf276f3e66d1 · inbound

The first decade of gravitational-wave measurements of black hole spins cites this paper.

The first decade of gravitational-wave measurements of black hole spins The formation of massive black holes through collision runaway in dense young star clusters

Reference 32

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-02T12:20:51.576361Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation d52443af-a1c6-4ab2-a92f-6cfb97708ff9 · inbound

Too shy to spin? Cosmic wallflowers as proto-globular clusters cites this paper.

Too shy to spin? Cosmic wallflowers as proto-globular clusters The formation of massive black holes through collision runaway in dense young star clusters

Reference 77

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-06-29T02:13:00.111749Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation fc56e119-bfed-4195-ac3a-5328b7680c74 · inbound

Formation of rotating supergiants via stellar mergers in dense clusters: Implications for black hole natal spins cites this paper.

Formation of rotating supergiants via stellar mergers in dense clusters: Implications for black hole natal spins The formation of massive black holes through collision runaway in dense young star clusters

Reference 188

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-07-11T06:51:42.465920Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 7c179265-3443-4580-bbd6-dc0828b29f55 · inbound

Predicting the unpredictable: binary--single scattering with machine learning cites this paper.

Predicting the unpredictable: binary--single scattering with machine learning The formation of massive black holes through collision runaway in dense young star clusters

Reference 14

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T20:04:53.160040Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation c0a4963b-5666-4c1d-9047-9203e6194564 · inbound

An (in)complete NIRSpec census of Balmer absorption in Type 1 AGN -- radiation-driven outflows in little red dots, quasars and variable stars cites this paper.

An (in)complete NIRSpec census of Balmer absorption in Type 1 AGN -- radiation-driven outflows in little red dots, quasars and variable stars The formation of massive black holes through collision runaway in dense young star clusters

Reference 167

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T13:38:36.829153Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation f9a00208-98fe-4a67-80f5-522f27343aa0 · inbound

Outflows in super-Eddington quasars drive clumpy circumgalactic medium and extended H$\alpha$ nebulae at $z \gtrsim 6$ cites this paper.

Outflows in super-Eddington quasars drive clumpy circumgalactic medium and extended H$\alpha$ nebulae at $z \gtrsim 6$ The formation of massive black holes through collision runaway in dense young star clusters

Reference 157

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T06:58:47.564556Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation a278f56a-e215-4a96-88c5-baaa1e73115a · inbound

ATLAS. II. Extremely High Incidence of Balmer Line Absorption with Predominant Blueshifts in LRDs: Statistical Insights through Comparison with Type 1 AGNs cites this paper.

ATLAS. II. Extremely High Incidence of Balmer Line Absorption with Predominant Blueshifts in LRDs: Statistical Insights through Comparison with Type 1 AGNs The formation of massive black holes through collision runaway in dense young star clusters

Reference 88

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T00:25:34.812797Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation d47820e3-1114-45df-be34-35d7c84aea02 · inbound

Does IRS13 require an intermediate-mass black hole? cites this paper.

Does IRS13 require an intermediate-mass black hole? The formation of massive black holes through collision runaway in dense young star clusters

Reference 3

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-14T04:17:25.624366Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.