Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-10T22:36:03.857380Z
Paper Citation Record · LEDGER
CultureVLM: Characterizing and Improving Cultural Understanding of Vision-Language Models for over 100 Countries
As of 17 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 34 of 34 outbound references and 14 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2501.01282.
A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.
Coverage vector
One-hop event checks from named stored sources.
Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00
Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-15T20:14:16.972880Z
A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.
Source: arxiv_reference, observed 2026-07-01T20:16:12.001782Z
Reference resolution
34 of 34 outbound references displayed
- verified exact1
- verified fuzzy3
- unresolved30
- parse uncertain0
- malformed identifier0
- metadata mismatch0
External citation measurements
No source-named external measurement is stored.
Outbound references
Observation b703a96a-d32e-49ea-8089-693a395cc08c · outbound
This paper cites PersianLLaMA: Towards Building First Persian Large Language Model.
CultureVLM: Characterizing and Improving Cultural Understanding of Vision-Language Models for over 100 Countries PersianLLaMA: Towards Building First Persian Large Language Model
Reference 1
- Resolution
- unresolved
- no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T22:36:03.693690Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 36eab720-581d-4f61-951b-e5d6ca9d659d · outbound
This paper cites Pixtral 12B.
CultureVLM: Characterizing and Improving Cultural Understanding of Vision-Language Models for over 100 Countries Pixtral 12B
Reference 4
- Resolution
- unresolved
- no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T22:36:03.709739Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation ce6f9271-f9d7-4c54-a8b5-bdf1c7f639d9 · outbound
This paper cites From Local Concepts to Universals: Evaluating the Multicultural Understanding of Vision-Language Models.
CultureVLM: Characterizing and Improving Cultural Understanding of Vision-Language Models for over 100 Countries From Local Concepts to Universals: Evaluating the Multicultural Understanding of Vision-Language Models
Reference 6
- Resolution
- unresolved
- no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T22:36:03.719534Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 392d0ad3-7e2c-4496-83b9-877c86c47305 · outbound
This paper cites Enhancing Content Moderation with Culturally-Aware Models.
CultureVLM: Characterizing and Improving Cultural Understanding of Vision-Language Models for over 100 Countries Enhancing Content Moderation with Culturally-Aware Models
Reference 7
- Resolution
- verified exact
- local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-10T22:36:04.389465Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.
Observation bde0b0d4-b8f4-447c-8b5b-2ef91d4ace20 · outbound
This paper cites InternVL: Scaling up Vision Foundation Models and Aligning for Generic Visual-Linguistic Tasks.
CultureVLM: Characterizing and Improving Cultural Understanding of Vision-Language Models for over 100 Countries InternVL: Scaling up Vision Foundation Models and Aligning for Generic Visual-Linguistic Tasks
Reference 8
- Resolution
- unresolved
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Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation de06cbaf-44cd-4d74-883f-421f3ea58a90 · outbound
This paper cites CulturalBench: A Robust, Diverse, and Challenging Cultural Benchmark by Human-AI CulturalTeaming.
CultureVLM: Characterizing and Improving Cultural Understanding of Vision-Language Models for over 100 Countries CulturalBench: A Robust, Diverse, and Challenging Cultural Benchmark by Human-AI CulturalTeaming
Reference 9
- Resolution
- unresolved
- no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T22:36:03.733945Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation d191fd92-d47c-420a-a4a5-9ebb1c42763c · outbound
This paper cites Deconstructing The Ethics of Large Language Models from Long-standing Issues to New-emerging Dilemmas: A Survey.
CultureVLM: Characterizing and Improving Cultural Understanding of Vision-Language Models for over 100 Countries Deconstructing The Ethics of Large Language Models from Long-standing Issues to New-emerging Dilemmas: A Survey
Reference 10
- Resolution
- unresolved
- no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T22:36:03.738526Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation d369c2e0-6756-4eb1-8657-c2133cfdc502 · outbound
This paper cites Massively Multi-Cultural Knowledge Acquisition & LM Benchmarking.
CultureVLM: Characterizing and Improving Cultural Understanding of Vision-Language Models for over 100 Countries Massively Multi-Cultural Knowledge Acquisition & LM Benchmarking
Reference 11
- Resolution
- unresolved
- no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T22:36:03.743295Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 500688a7-7ccd-4040-9855-d84822e0db39 · outbound
This paper cites NormSAGE: Multi-Lingual Multi-Cultural Norm Discovery from Conversations On-the-Fly.
CultureVLM: Characterizing and Improving Cultural Understanding of Vision-Language Models for over 100 Countries NormSAGE: Multi-Lingual Multi-Cultural Norm Discovery from Conversations On-the-Fly
Reference 12
- Resolution
- unresolved
- no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T22:36:03.748211Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation c6236d50-2e70-44d7-9fbc-f7e4e07ff15d · outbound
This paper cites GPT-4o System Card.
CultureVLM: Characterizing and Improving Cultural Understanding of Vision-Language Models for over 100 Countries GPT-4o System Card
Reference 13
- Resolution
- unresolved
- no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T22:36:03.753017Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation bd6dc3eb-49ad-400d-bb0b-94673e49f68b · outbound
This paper cites The Ghost in the Machine has an American accent: value conflict in GPT-3.
CultureVLM: Characterizing and Improving Cultural Understanding of Vision-Language Models for over 100 Countries The Ghost in the Machine has an American accent: value conflict in GPT-3
Reference 14
- Resolution
- unresolved
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Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation ced4e771-125b-4515-b76e-0d3ba48b78d7 · outbound
This paper cites LLaVA-OneVision: Easy Visual Task Transfer.
CultureVLM: Characterizing and Improving Cultural Understanding of Vision-Language Models for over 100 Countries LLaVA-OneVision: Easy Visual Task Transfer
Reference 15
- Resolution
- unresolved
- no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T22:36:03.762120Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 28d21c31-08ca-4e28-96c2-d6c8549d8dd3 · outbound
This paper cites Are Multilingual LLMs Culturally-Diverse Reasoners? An Investigation into Multicultural Proverbs and Sayings.
CultureVLM: Characterizing and Improving Cultural Understanding of Vision-Language Models for over 100 Countries Are Multilingual LLMs Culturally-Diverse Reasoners? An Investigation into Multicultural Proverbs and Sayings
Reference 16
- Resolution
- unresolved
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Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation d7edca81-f066-49dd-aff0-161460eca7de · outbound
This paper cites The 2012 stein rokkan lecture: Three decades of popu list radical right parties in western europe: so what? In The Populist Radical Right, pages 545–558.
CultureVLM: Characterizing and Improving Cultural Understanding of Vision-Language Models for over 100 Countries The 2012 stein rokkan lecture: Three decades of popu list radical right parties in western europe: so what? In The Populist Radical Right, pages 545–558
Reference 19
- Resolution
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Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.
Observation 23b6f6d1-9bf4-4278-a6f6-00c57d8ccf17 · outbound
This paper cites Having Beer after Prayer? Measuring Cultural Bias in Large Language Models.
CultureVLM: Characterizing and Improving Cultural Understanding of Vision-Language Models for over 100 Countries Having Beer after Prayer? Measuring Cultural Bias in Large Language Models
Reference 21
- Resolution
- unresolved
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Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 0c3c998a-2872-4efc-903c-f08a9a740455 · outbound
This paper cites SeaLLMs -- Large Language Models for Southeast Asia.
CultureVLM: Characterizing and Improving Cultural Understanding of Vision-Language Models for over 100 Countries SeaLLMs -- Large Language Models for Southeast Asia
Reference 22
- Resolution
- unresolved
- no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T22:36:03.794935Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 004f5fa0-8949-4286-8d76-d5817565537d · outbound
This paper cites Typhoon: Thai Large Language Models.
CultureVLM: Characterizing and Improving Cultural Understanding of Vision-Language Models for over 100 Countries Typhoon: Thai Large Language Models
Reference 23
- Resolution
- unresolved
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Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 60af69ee-f49b-41e6-a5a8-e70b951bdf37 · outbound
This paper cites NormAd: A Framework for Measuring the Cultural Adaptability of Large Language Models.
CultureVLM: Characterizing and Improving Cultural Understanding of Vision-Language Models for over 100 Countries NormAd: A Framework for Measuring the Cultural Adaptability of Large Language Models
Reference 24
- Resolution
- unresolved
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Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation a91608e1-9925-42b6-a46b-87b2041d3e67 · outbound
This paper cites CVQA: Culturally-diverse Multilingual Visual Question Answering Benchmark.
CultureVLM: Characterizing and Improving Cultural Understanding of Vision-Language Models for over 100 Countries CVQA: Culturally-diverse Multilingual Visual Question Answering Benchmark
Reference 25
- Resolution
- unresolved
- no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T22:36:03.809020Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation c84d5bb1-a7f7-4bee-8637-4272a4afa976 · outbound
This paper cites Gemini: A Family of Highly Capable Multimodal Models.
CultureVLM: Characterizing and Improving Cultural Understanding of Vision-Language Models for over 100 Countries Gemini: A Family of Highly Capable Multimodal Models
Reference 27
- Resolution
- unresolved
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Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 91faec6d-c017-4908-b5a4-826b0d003bcc · outbound
This paper cites A Comprehensive Survey of Hallucination Mitigation Techniques in Large Language Models.
CultureVLM: Characterizing and Improving Cultural Understanding of Vision-Language Models for over 100 Countries A Comprehensive Survey of Hallucination Mitigation Techniques in Large Language Models
Reference 28
- Resolution
- unresolved
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Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 189d4403-aaf3-447c-9264-f3e4c5d66c22 · outbound
This paper cites Qwen2-VL: Enhancing Vision-Language Model's Perception of the World at Any Resolution.
CultureVLM: Characterizing and Improving Cultural Understanding of Vision-Language Models for over 100 Countries Qwen2-VL: Enhancing Vision-Language Model's Perception of the World at Any Resolution
Reference 29
- Resolution
- unresolved
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Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 4c6f1a82-d5dc-4afd-8d50-1c907be07ddc · outbound
This paper cites Not All Countries Celebrate Thanksgiving: On the Cultural Dominance in Large Language Models.
CultureVLM: Characterizing and Improving Cultural Understanding of Vision-Language Models for over 100 Countries Not All Countries Celebrate Thanksgiving: On the Cultural Dominance in Large Language Models
Reference 30
- Resolution
- unresolved
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Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 0db2fc3e-8a23-45be-90ea-9913216c4481 · outbound
This paper cites WorldCuisines: A Massive-Scale Benchmark for Multilingual and Multicultural Visual Question Answering on Global Cuisines.
CultureVLM: Characterizing and Improving Cultural Understanding of Vision-Language Models for over 100 Countries WorldCuisines: A Massive-Scale Benchmark for Multilingual and Multicultural Visual Question Answering on Global Cuisines
Reference 31
- Resolution
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Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation e9e8297b-fb45-4ee4-8ef3-3a56a86f5e7e · outbound
This paper cites MiniCPM-V: A GPT-4V Level MLLM on Your Phone.
CultureVLM: Characterizing and Improving Cultural Understanding of Vision-Language Models for over 100 Countries MiniCPM-V: A GPT-4V Level MLLM on Your Phone
Reference 32
- Resolution
- unresolved
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Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 7c5b56fa-ee0f-4cc7-b964-f6bd97b56429 · outbound
This paper cites 14 B.2 Detailed Main Results.
CultureVLM: Characterizing and Improving Cultural Understanding of Vision-Language Models for over 100 Countries 14 B.2 Detailed Main Results
Reference 34
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
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Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.
Observation 62c4e83c-4910-4e1d-9a20-d9afa2e9fa68 · outbound
This paper cites Hallucination of Multimodal Large Language Models: A Survey.
CultureVLM: Characterizing and Improving Cultural Understanding of Vision-Language Models for over 100 Countries Hallucination of Multimodal Large Language Models: A Survey
Reference 1996
- Resolution
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Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation acb73a92-2334-4750-be28-3d3978e2a2ea · outbound
This paper cites WorldValuesBench: A Large-Scale Benchmark Dataset for Multi-Cultural Value Awareness of Language Models.
CultureVLM: Characterizing and Improving Cultural Understanding of Vision-Language Models for over 100 Countries WorldValuesBench: A Large-Scale Benchmark Dataset for Multi-Cultural Value Awareness of Language Models
Reference 2014
- Resolution
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Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 6fb93bf7-e972-492f-ba2f-57d05f129b30 · outbound
This paper cites BLEnD: A Benchmark for LLMs on Everyday Knowledge in Diverse Cultures and Languages.
CultureVLM: Characterizing and Improving Cultural Understanding of Vision-Language Models for over 100 Countries BLEnD: A Benchmark for LLMs on Everyday Knowledge in Diverse Cultures and Languages
Reference 2016
- Resolution
- unresolved
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Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 9ed418d1-e707-44fb-a72d-58467dea94dd · outbound
This paper cites Llama 3.2.
Reference 2019
- Resolution
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Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.
Observation f17c16cb-fc39-45d4-9665-d1ffa17ed9ee · outbound
This paper cites Cultural Alignment in Large Language Models: An Explanatory Analysis Based on Hofstede's Cultural Dimensions.
CultureVLM: Characterizing and Improving Cultural Understanding of Vision-Language Models for over 100 Countries Cultural Alignment in Large Language Models: An Explanatory Analysis Based on Hofstede's Cultural Dimensions
Reference 2021
- Resolution
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Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation b0dfbc3c-30b0-46af-93e2-3f087f194d85 · outbound
This paper cites CultureBank: An Online Community-Driven Knowledge Base Towards Culturally Aware Language Technologies.
CultureVLM: Characterizing and Improving Cultural Understanding of Vision-Language Models for over 100 Countries CultureBank: An Online Community-Driven Knowledge Base Towards Culturally Aware Language Technologies
Reference 2022
- Resolution
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Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation b1d9945c-355c-4f40-a0f8-dbe3d1360e60 · outbound
This paper cites Phi-3 Technical Report: A Highly Capable Language Model Locally on Your Phone.
CultureVLM: Characterizing and Improving Cultural Understanding of Vision-Language Models for over 100 Countries Phi-3 Technical Report: A Highly Capable Language Model Locally on Your Phone
Reference 2023
- Resolution
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Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 1c4fc194-ecd0-431a-9fba-5a23b6b5ea51 · outbound
This paper cites Towards Measuring and Modeling "Culture" in LLMs: A Survey.
CultureVLM: Characterizing and Improving Cultural Understanding of Vision-Language Models for over 100 Countries Towards Measuring and Modeling "Culture" in LLMs: A Survey
Reference 2024
- Resolution
- unresolved
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Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Pith citing papers
Observation 56f58a89-accb-4087-82a8-e4c9fb06670e · inbound
Large Language Model Agent: A Survey on Methodology, Applications and Challenges cites this paper.
Large Language Model Agent: A Survey on Methodology, Applications and Challenges CultureVLM: Characterizing and Improving Cultural Understanding of Vision-Language Models for over 100 Countries
Reference 248
- Resolution
- verified exact
- arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-22T21:52:10.327270Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.
Observation e6761127-d27f-4325-8902-ba931b0491e7 · inbound
Uncovering Cultural Representation Disparities in Vision-Language Models cites this paper.
Uncovering Cultural Representation Disparities in Vision-Language Models CultureVLM: Characterizing and Improving Cultural Understanding of Vision-Language Models for over 100 Countries
Reference 22
- Resolution
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Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation f7677043-799b-4883-b148-6e8915e789c8 · inbound
Evaluation of Cultural Competence of Vision-Language Models cites this paper.
Evaluation of Cultural Competence of Vision-Language Models CultureVLM: Characterizing and Improving Cultural Understanding of Vision-Language Models for over 100 Countries
Reference 58
- Resolution
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Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 2bb404bc-4269-4214-adb8-0f5493d8c35a · inbound
Domain Specific Benchmarks for Evaluating Multimodal Large Language Models cites this paper.
Domain Specific Benchmarks for Evaluating Multimodal Large Language Models CultureVLM: Characterizing and Improving Cultural Understanding of Vision-Language Models for over 100 Countries
Reference 113
- Resolution
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Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 5dcde609-893b-456c-be9d-dd3b74187c34 · inbound
SARA: Selective and Adaptive Retrieval-augmented Generation with Context Compression cites this paper.
SARA: Selective and Adaptive Retrieval-augmented Generation with Context Compression CultureVLM: Characterizing and Improving Cultural Understanding of Vision-Language Models for over 100 Countries
Reference 38
- Resolution
- unresolved
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Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 6274f23e-47bc-47da-96b8-c796c8ca706b · inbound
Appear2Meaning: A Cross-Cultural Benchmark for Structured Cultural Metadata Inference from Images cites this paper.
Appear2Meaning: A Cross-Cultural Benchmark for Structured Cultural Metadata Inference from Images CultureVLM: Characterizing and Improving Cultural Understanding of Vision-Language Models for over 100 Countries
Reference 36
- Resolution
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Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.
Observation bcf456a2-4aa1-49a2-a39a-e0dff11e04d2 · inbound
BhashaSutra: A Task-Centric Unified Survey of Indian NLP Datasets, Corpora, and Resources cites this paper.
BhashaSutra: A Task-Centric Unified Survey of Indian NLP Datasets, Corpora, and Resources CultureVLM: Characterizing and Improving Cultural Understanding of Vision-Language Models for over 100 Countries
Reference 31
- Resolution
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Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.
Observation bb620059-7136-4826-96eb-ad34ac4750f1 · inbound
When Cultures Move: Measuring and Improving Multicultural Text-to-Video Generation cites this paper.
When Cultures Move: Measuring and Improving Multicultural Text-to-Video Generation CultureVLM: Characterizing and Improving Cultural Understanding of Vision-Language Models for over 100 Countries
Reference 9
- Resolution
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Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.
Observation 2cf76168-110d-4e89-85ec-9599d1807bef · inbound
When Cultures Move: Measuring and Improving Multicultural Text-to-Video Generation cites this paper.
When Cultures Move: Measuring and Improving Multicultural Text-to-Video Generation CultureVLM: Characterizing and Improving Cultural Understanding of Vision-Language Models for over 100 Countries
Reference 11
- Resolution
- metadata mismatch
- arxiv_id, observed 2026-06-30T19:45:01.074023Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.
Observation 528c4356-9aa1-47be-8658-c2530d7ab751 · inbound
When Cultures Move: Measuring and Improving Multicultural Text-to-Video Generation cites this paper.
When Cultures Move: Measuring and Improving Multicultural Text-to-Video Generation CultureVLM: Characterizing and Improving Cultural Understanding of Vision-Language Models for over 100 Countries
Reference 11
- Resolution
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Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 6ab89fc6-1078-4da3-9d4e-e256b772702b · inbound
Computer-Aided Tagging on Wikimedia Commons: Designing for Human-AI Collaboration in Open Knowledge Work cites this paper.
Computer-Aided Tagging on Wikimedia Commons: Designing for Human-AI Collaboration in Open Knowledge Work CultureVLM: Characterizing and Improving Cultural Understanding of Vision-Language Models for over 100 Countries
Reference 20
- Resolution
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Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.
Observation d1674364-8765-43a4-b7d2-96e63035fddd · inbound
Failing to See or Failing to Know? Attributing Errors in Vision-Language Models cites this paper.
Failing to See or Failing to Know? Attributing Errors in Vision-Language Models CultureVLM: Characterizing and Improving Cultural Understanding of Vision-Language Models for over 100 Countries
Reference 10
- Resolution
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Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 6c6ff0e7-d50f-4986-a70c-519d5ecad198 · inbound
Failing to See or Failing to Know? Attributing Errors in Vision-Language Models cites this paper.
Failing to See or Failing to Know? Attributing Errors in Vision-Language Models CultureVLM: Characterizing and Improving Cultural Understanding of Vision-Language Models for over 100 Countries
Reference 10
- Resolution
- unresolved
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Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation dfd18ba2-00b5-49c3-a827-a3932a04772f · inbound
Failing to See or Failing to Know? Attributing Errors in Vision-Language Models cites this paper.
Failing to See or Failing to Know? Attributing Errors in Vision-Language Models CultureVLM: Characterizing and Improving Cultural Understanding of Vision-Language Models for over 100 Countries
Reference 2025
- Resolution
- unresolved
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Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.