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Improving Instruction-Following in Language Models through Activation Steering

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arxiv 2410.12877 v2 pith:KGFX5ELA submitted 2024-10-15 cs.CL cs.AIcs.LG

classification cs.CLcs.AIcs.LG
keywords modelsactivationinstructionssteeringdemonstratelanguagevectorsapproach
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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The ability to follow instructions is crucial for numerous real-world applications of language models. In pursuit of deeper insights and more powerful capabilities, we derive instruction-specific vector representations from language models and use them to steer models accordingly. These vectors are computed as the difference in activations between inputs with and without instructions, enabling a modular approach to activation steering. We demonstrate how this method can enhance model adherence to constraints such as output format, length, and word inclusion, providing inference-time control over instruction following. Our experiments across four models demonstrate how we can use the activation vectors to guide models to follow constraints even without explicit instructions and to enhance performance when instructions are present. Additionally, we explore the compositionality of activation steering, successfully applying multiple instructions simultaneously. Finally, we demonstrate that steering vectors computed on instruction-tuned models can transfer to improve base models. Our findings demonstrate that activation steering offers a practical and scalable approach for fine-grained control in language generation. Our code and data are available at https://github.com/microsoft/llm-steer-instruct.

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Forward citations

Cited by 6 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. Verbalizable Representations Form a Global Workspace in Language Models

    cs.CL 2026-07 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

    Language models represent their current reasoning in a small, readable set of verbalizable vectors (the J-space) that functions like a global workspace.

  2. Aligned but Blind: Alignment Increases Implicit Bias by Reducing Awareness of Race

    cs.CL 2025-05 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

    Alignment on Llama 3 reduces explicit bias but amplifies implicit bias, because aligned models no longer represent 'black' and 'white' as racial concepts in ambiguous contexts.

  3. The Computational Basis of Confidence in Large Language Models

    cs.LG 2026-07 unverdicted novelty 6.0 of 10

    Answer-logit differences in multimodal LMs behave as monotonic readouts of a latent decision variable in simple perceptual and memory tasks, but not in complex visual reasoning.

  4. Activation Steering for Chain-of-Thought Compression

    cs.AI 2025-07 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    A single steering vector extracted from paired verbose and concise rationales compresses chain-of-thought output at inference time without retraining.

  5. Linear Representation Transferability Hypothesis: Leveraging Small Models to Steer Large Models

    cs.LG 2025-05 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    An affine map trained on The Pile transfers steering vectors from Gemma-2B to Gemma-9B and reproduces much of the large model's native steering behavior.

  6. Denoising Concept Vectors with Sparse Autoencoders for Improved Language Model Steering

    cs.CL 2025-05 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    Scaling up the most discriminative sparse autoencoder latents before reconstructing hidden states improves LLM concept steering vectors built by linear probing and difference-in-mean.

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