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arxiv: 2405.16660 · v1 · pith:UMSTXWBP · submitted 2024-05-26 · math.CO · math.PR

A proof that HT is more likely to outnumber HH than vice versa in a sequence of n coin flips

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classification math.CO math.PR
keywords coingetslikelypointproofsequencealgorithmsalice
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Consider the following probability puzzle: A fair coin is flipped n times. For each HT in the resulting sequence, Bob gets a point, and for each HH Alice gets a point. Who is more likely to win? We provide a proof that Bob wins more often for every n>=3. As a byproduct, we derive the asymptotic form of the difference in win probabilities, and obtain an efficient algorithms for their calculation.

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    Derives recursive and closed formulas for moments of waiting times for prescribed words in coin flips and die rolls using one-parameter Eulerian number extensions, Goulden-Jackson cluster method, and Faà di Bruno's formula.