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Elevated Rates of Tidal Disruption Events in Active Galactic Nuclei

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arxiv 2405.18500 v1 pith:XPFBXHJS submitted 2024-05-28 astro-ph.HE astro-ph.GA

Karamveer Kaur , Nicholas C. Stone This is my paper · ORCID
classification astro-ph.HEastro-ph.GA
keywords tdeslossratesdiskflareswedgebulletcollisionless
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abstract

Advances in time domain astronomy have produced a growing population of flares from galactic nuclei, including both tidal disruption events (TDEs) and flares in active galactic nuclei (AGN). Because TDEs are uncommon and AGN variability is abundant, large-amplitude AGN flares are usually not categorized as TDEs. While TDEs are normally channelled by the collisional process of two-body scatterings over relaxation timescale, the quadrupole moment of a gas disk alters the stellar orbits, allowing them to collisionlessly approach the central massive black hole (MBH). This leads to an effectively enlarged loss cone, the \emph{loss wedge}. Earlier studies found a moderate enhancement, up to a factor $\sim 2-3$, of TDE rates $\dot{N}_{\rm 2b} $ for a static axisymmetric perturbation. Here we study the loss wedge problem for an evolving AGN disk, which can capture large number of stars into the growing loss wedge over much shorter times. The rates $\dot{N}_{\rm cl}$ of collisionless TDEs produced by these time-evolving disks are much higher than the collisional rates $\dot{N}_{\rm 2b}$ in a static loss wedge. We calculate the response of a stellar population to the axisymmetric potential of an adiabatically growing AGN disk and find that the highest rates of collisionless TDEs are achieved for the largest (i) MBH masses $M_{\bullet}$ and (ii) disk masses $M_{\rm d}$. For $M_{\bullet}\sim 10^7 M_\odot$ and $M_{\rm d} \sim 0.1 M_{\bullet}$, the rate enhancement can be up to a factor $\dot{N}_{\rm cl}/\dot{N}_{\rm 2b} \sim 10$. The orbits of collisionless TDEs sometimes have a preferred orientation in apses, carrying implications for observational signatures of resulting flares.

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Forward citations

Cited by 7 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. Time-Dependent Radiation Transport Simulations of Infrared Echoes from Dust-Shrouded Luminous Transients

    astro-ph.HE 2025-01 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

    2D radiation transport simulations predict that infrared echoes from dust-shrouded transients are set by the ratio of the transient rise time to the dust photosphere light-crossing time, with fast risers producing lon...

  2. AT 2022csn: A Photometrically Peculiar Optical/UV Tidal Disruption Event in a Type II AGN

    astro-ph.HE 2026-08 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    AT 2022csn is a luminous optical/UV tidal disruption event with an 18-day double-peaked light curve, low blackbody temperature, and large radius, hosted by a likely Type II AGN.

  3. Binary disruptions driven by massive disks around massive black holes

    astro-ph.GA 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Disk torques can drive stellar binaries around a massive black hole to tidal disruption, and the Milky Way's young stellar disk likely caused ~10^2 such events ~5 Myr ago.

  4. Time-resolved Hubble Space Telescope UV observations of an X-ray quasi-periodic eruption source

    astro-ph.HE 2025-01 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Time-resolved HST far-UV observations of the QPE source eRO-QPE2 reveal a steady bright FUV point source consistent with a compact TDE-like accretion disk, ruling out classic AGN-disk and no-disk interpretations.

  5. AT2021aeuk: A Repeating Partial Tidal Disruption Event Candidate in a Narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxy

    astro-ph.HE 2025-01 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    AT2021aeuk shows two similar optical flares with a V-shaped X-ray dip lagging the second flare by ~40 days, interpreted as a repeating partial tidal disruption event in a narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxy.

  6. Counting the Unseen II: Tidal Disruption Event Rates in Nearby Galaxies with REPTiDE

    astro-ph.GA 2024-12 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Using high-resolution nuclear density profiles for 91 galaxies, REPTiDE predicts per-galaxy TDE rates that agree with observed rates and peak near black hole mass 10^6.5 solar masses.

  7. AT 2020nov: Evidence for Disk Reprocessing in a Rare Tidal Disruption Event

    astro-ph.HE 2024-12 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    AT 2020nov is a tidal disruption event whose double-peaked line profiles, optical/UV SED, and MIR echo are best explained by EUV emission reprocessed by a pre-existing extended accretion disk around a dormant black hole.

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