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The geometry of photon surfaces

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arxiv gr-qc/0005050 v2 pith:WWQ3OIWH submitted 2000-05-15 gr-qc

classification gr-qc
keywords photonspace-timespheresurfaceblackconditionenergyhole
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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The photon sphere concept in Schwarzschild space-time is generalized to a definition of a photon surface in an arbitrary space-time. A photon sphere is then defined as an SO(3)xR-invariant photon surface in a static spherically symmetric space-time. It is proved, subject to an energy condition, that a black hole in any such space-time must be surrounded by a photon sphere. Conversely, subject to an energy condition, any photon sphere must surround a black hole, a naked singularity or more than a certain amount of matter. A second order evolution equation is obtained for the area of an SO(3)-invariant photon surface in a general non-static spherically symmetric space-time. Many examples are provided.

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Cited by 22 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. Topological charge and black hole photon spheres in massive gravity

    gr-qc 2025-09 unverdicted novelty 7.0 of 10

    In dRGT massive gravity, static spherically symmetric black holes exhibit zero, one, or two photon spheres whose topological charges and stability patterns differ from Einstein gravity and from horizonless compact objects.

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  4. Photon surfaces extension in general spherical dust collapse

    gr-qc 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 6.0 of 10

    In general LTB dust collapse the photon surface is a null hypersurface generated by outgoing radial null geodesics that reaches the central singularity if and only if the singularity is naked.

  5. Black Hole Solutions in Dark Photon Models with Higher Order Corrections

    gr-qc 2025-05 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Analytic perturbative black hole solutions in dark photon models with minimal and higher-order magnetic dipole corrections to the Schwarzschild geometry.

  6. Gravitational wave echoes as probes of the maximum mass of strange stars in quadratic curvature-matter coupled gravity

    gr-qc 2026-07 reject novelty 5.0 of 10

    In f(R+αR²,T) gravity with tuned parameters, MIT-bag strange stars can exceed the compactness needed for photon spheres and would produce kHz gravitational-wave echoes.

  7. Shadow of the generalized Vaidya black hole

    gr-qc 2026-07 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    For self-similar Husain black holes, the barotropic index α controls the shadow: α<1/2 enlarges it, α>1/2 shrinks it, with a quasistatic influx criterion for the time-dependent case.

  8. A perturbative geometric approach for photon spheres, massive particle surfaces and black hole shadows with mass variations

    gr-qc 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 5.0 of 10

    Presents a curvature-based perturbative method for photon spheres, massive particle surfaces, and black hole shadows that handles mass variations and claims new results for the time-like case.

  9. Photon Surfaces in Higher-Curvature Gravity: Implications for Quasinormal Modes and Gravitational Lensing

    gr-qc 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 5.0 of 10

    Higher-curvature EFT terms modify the photon sphere radius, critical impact parameter, and strong deflection coefficients, providing sensitive probes for constraints on quantum gravity effects via lensing and QNM spectra.

  10. Photon Propagation and Black Hole Imaging in Kruglov Nonlinear Electrodynamics

    gr-qc 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 5.0 of 10

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  11. Supertranslations in the bulk of spacetime

    hep-th 2025-12 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    Supertranslations can be defined in the bulk as changes of null hypersurfaces, extending boundary symmetries into the interior and producing a curvature-dependent memory effect in Schwarzschild.

  12. Quantum-Corrected Thermodynamics, Dirac Perturbations, Geodesic Structure, and Topological Phases of Black Holes with Non-Minimal Logarithmic Coupling

    gr-qc 2026-07 reject novelty 4.0 of 10

    For the ln(R)F² black hole, a single coupling B is claimed to shrink the shadow and ISCO, alter Dirac quasinormal ringing, suppress Hawking luminosity, and set the sign of an effective pressure on the topological defect line.

  13. Analytical Study of Deflection Angle and Time Delay in Kerr Spacetime with Modified Propagation

    gr-qc 2026-07 reject novelty 4.0 of 10

    The paper asserts analytic strong-lensing deflection and time-delay formulas for Kerr black holes with Weyl-modified photon propagation, but the derivation is incomplete and internally inconsistent.

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    gr-qc 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 4.0 of 10

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  15. Probing Effective Field Theory Corrections with Quasinormal Modes and Gravitational Lensing in Reissner-Nordstr\"om Black Holes

    gr-qc 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 4.0 of 10

    Derives EFT corrections to deflection angle, photon sphere radius, critical impact parameter, and strong lensing coefficients for Reissner-Nordström black holes in weak and strong deflection regimes.

  16. Regular black hole solutions and the quark chemical potential at the QCD phase transition

    astro-ph.HE 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 4.0 of 10

    Within two QCD-inspired equations of state coupled to Eddington-Finkelstein collapse, finite chemical potential reshapes thermodynamics but does not produce self-regularizing black hole cores.

  17. Photon Sphere and Shadow of a Perturbative Black Hole in $f(R,\mathcal{G})$ Gravity

    gr-qc 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 4.0 of 10

    Perturbative higher-curvature corrections in f(R,G) gravity shift the photon-sphere radius and black-hole shadow size away from Schwarzschild values, with the Gauss-Bonnet sector contributing more than mixed terms.

  18. Optical and orbital characterization of spherically symmetric static black holes of self-gravitating new nonlinear electrodynamics model

    gr-qc 2026-03 conditional novelty 4.0 of 10

    PINLED Y^n black holes have charge-driven inward shifts of photon sphere, shadow, and ISCO, with null-geodesic observables distinguishing them from RN more clearly than timelike ones.

  19. Semi-Analytic Trajectory Analysis of Light in Generic Static Spacetimes

    gr-qc 2025-07 conditional novelty 4.0 of 10

    The authors present a generic weak-field lensing framework built from three known semi-analytic methods and apply it to a scalar hairy Reissner-Nordstrom black hole, recovering the standard deflection with q^2 = Q^2+Q_s^2.

  20. Gravitational Lensing by Black Holes in Einstein-nonlinear Electrodynamic Theories with Multiple Photon Spheres

    gr-qc 2025-07 conditional novelty 4.0 of 10

    In Einstein-nonlinear electrodynamic black holes, each effective potential peak that is taller than all peaks outside it yields a separate photon ring cluster in the lensed image, and triple-peak cases show three nest...

  21. Deflection of Light due to Kerr Sen Black Hole in Heterotic String Theory using Material Medium Approach

    gr-qc 2025-04 unverdicted novelty 4.0 of 10

    Derives the far-field light deflection angle for the Kerr-Sen black hole by constructing a refractive index that includes frame-dragging and compares the result to Kerr and Schwarzschild cases in general relativity.

  22. Massive particle surfaces and black hole shadows from intrinsic curvature

    gr-qc 2025-03 unverdicted novelty 4.0 of 10

    Extends intrinsic curvature criteria for massive particle surfaces to stationary spacetimes and demonstrates application to black hole shadows in Kerr-family and Einstein-Maxwell-dilaton solutions.

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