JWST spectra of SN 2024abup show CO, C, O, and Mg features plus possible dust emission, with no clear r-process signatures identified via SUMO modeling.
CHARACTERIZING THE<i>V</i>-BAND LIGHT-CURVES OF HYDROGEN-RICH TYPE II SUPERNOVAE
6 Pith papers cite this work, alongside 322 external citations. Polarity classification is still indexing.
6
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322
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abstract
We present an analysis of the diversity of V-band light-curves of hydrogen-rich type II supernovae. Analyzing a sample of 116 supernovae, several magnitude measurements are defined, together with decline rates at different epochs, and time durations of different phases. It is found that magnitudes measured at maximum light correlate more strongly with decline rates than those measured at other epochs: brighter supernovae at maximum generally have faster declining light-curves at all epochs. We find a relation between the decline rate during the 'plateau' phase and peak magnitudes, which has a dispersion of 0.56 magnitudes, offering the prospect of using type II supernovae as purely photometric distance indicators. Our analysis suggests that the type II population spans a continuum from low-luminosity events which have flat light-curves during the 'plateau' stage, through to the brightest events which decline much faster. A large range in optically thick phase durations is observed, implying a range in progenitor envelope masses at the epoch of explosion. During the radioactive tails, we find many supernovae with faster declining light-curves than expected from full trapping of radioactive emission, implying low mass ejecta. It is suggested that the main driver of light-curve diversity is the extent of hydrogen envelopes retained before explosion. Finally, a new classification scheme is introduced where hydrogen-rich events are typed as simply 'SNII' with an s2 value giving the decline rate during the 'plateau' phase, indicating its morphological type.
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2026 6representative citing papers
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Early interaction signatures and an extended plateau phase in Type II SN 2020aze
SN 2020aze displays early He II emission from ejecta-CSM interaction, a steep V-band decline, and semi-analytical modeling yields a ~14 solar-mass red supergiant progenitor with ~12 solar-mass ejecta and 1.5e51 erg explosion energy.