Pith. sign in

REVIEW 16 cited by

Optical and Near-infrared View of Planet-forming Disks and Protoplanets

Not yet reviewed by Pith; the record is open.

This paper has not been read by Pith yet. Machine review is queued; the pith claim, tier, and objections will appear here once it completes.

SPECIMEN: schema-true, not a live event

T0 review · schema-true

One-sentence machine reading of the paper's core claim.

pith:XXXXXXXX · record.json · timestamp

arxiv 2203.09991 v1 pith:M5EH3RUR submitted 2022-03-18 astro-ph.EP astro-ph.GAastro-ph.SR

classification astro-ph.EPastro-ph.GAastro-ph.SR
keywords disksdiskplanetshigh-contrastimagingnear-infraredopticalplanet-forming
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
0 comments
read the original abstract

In this chapter of the Protostars and Planets VII, we review the breakthrough progress that has been made in the field of high-resolution, high-contrast optical and near-infrared imaging of planet-forming disks. These advancements include the direct detection of protoplanets embedded in some disks, and derived limits on planetary masses in others. Morphological substructures, including: rings, spirals, arcs, and shadows, are seen in all imaged infrared-bright disks to date, and are ubiquitous across spectral types. These substructures are believed to be the result of disk evolution processes, and in particular disk-planet interactions. Since small dust grains that scatter light are tightly bound to the disk's gas, these observations closely trace disk structures predicted by hydrodynamical models and serve as observational tests of the predictions of planet formation theories. We argue that the results of current and next-generation high-contrast imaging surveys will, when combined with complementary data from ALMA, lead to a much deeper understanding of the co-evolution of disks and planets, and the mechanisms by which planets form.

Discussion (0). Continue with ORCID to comment.

Forward citations

Cited by 16 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. OpenAlex reports about 26 citations worldwide. Full citation record

  1. WIde Separation Planets In Time (WISPIT): A Gap-clearing Planet in a Multi-ringed Disk around the Young Solar-type Star WISPIT 2

    astro-ph.EP 2025-08 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

    Direct imaging of the young star WISPIT 2 reveals a 380-au multi-ringed disk and a co-moving, gap-embedded companion consistent with a 4.9-MJup planet in Keplerian motion.

  2. Angular Momentum of Planet-Forming Disks: Implications for Infall Driven Misalignments

    astro-ph.EP 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Most planet-forming disks have less angular momentum than late-infalling cloud gas is predicted to carry, so infalling streamers are a plausible cause of the observed misalignments.

  3. Puffed-up Edges of Planet-opened Gaps in Protoplanetary Disks. II. The Role of the Planet's Orbital Eccentricity

    astro-ph.EP 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Eccentric gap-opening planets enhance dust lofting at gap edges via stronger meridional circulation, make gaps leaky to dust, and produce larger, wider pebble rings than circular planets.

  4. Infall Explains the Disk Kinematics of AB Aur Without Gravitational Instability

    astro-ph.EP 2025-10 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Infalling gas streamers, not disk self-gravity, can produce the convergent velocity signature around the AB Aur spiral arms that was used as evidence for gravitational instability.

  5. The ALMA Survey of Gas Evolution of PROtoplanetary Disks (AGE-PRO): X. Dust Substructures, Disk Geometries, and Dust-disk Radii

    astro-ph.EP 2025-06 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Analysis of 30 protoplanetary disks finds dust substructures in about 80% of resolved young Class I disks and a rising fraction of large inner dust cavities in older regions, suggesting early and efficient planet formation.

  6. Grand Design Spiral Arms in the Compact, Embedded Protoplanetary Disk of Haro 6-13

    astro-ph.EP 2025-06 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    The compact disk around Haro 6-13 shows two low-contrast millimeter spiral arms and is likely optically thick interior to about 30 au.

  7. The fraction of polar aligned circumbinary disks

    astro-ph.EP 2025-05 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    The polar-aligned fraction of circumbinary disks is predicted to scale roughly as binary eccentricity for low-mass disks and approach 0.37 for high disk-to-binary angular momentum ratios.

  8. Water gas discs in exo-asteroid belts

    astro-ph.EP 2026-07 conditional novelty 5.5 of 10

    Water vapour from exo-asteroid belts around solar-mass and heavier stars can supply ocean-scale water to inner planets and remain detectable for tens of Myr with current facilities.

  9. Exploring the radial velocity variations of RY Lup with VLT/ESPRESSO: Binary versus spot hypotheses

    astro-ph.EP 2026-07 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    RY Lup's 3.75-day RV and LSD variations are compatible with a ~0.04 au binary (q~0.6, e~0.23, i~13°) or with multi-spot activity, but both interpretations have serious physical tensions.

  10. Dust Growth in Binary Systems: Inhibition of dust settling and growth in circumbinary discs

    astro-ph.EP 2026-07 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    Dust grains in circumbinary discs end up five times smaller than in single-star discs, and the conditions for streaming-instability clumping are not met, arguing against in-situ planet formation there.

  11. Radiative Transfer Modeling of a Shadowed Protoplanetary Disk assisted by a Neural Network

    astro-ph.EP 2025-09 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    The shadow over the southern half of the V1098 Sco protoplanetary disk is best explained by a misaligned inner disk, with rotation axes of the inner and outer disks separated by 38 degrees.

  12. A Comprehensive Analysis of Rovibrational CO in the Era of JWST

    astro-ph.SR 2025-07 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    A 183-object Keck survey detects CO rovibrational emission in 96 disks, fits slab models to 67, and concludes the CO emitting area is not a thin ring.

  13. exoALMA. XVIII. Interpreting large scale kinematic structures as moderate warping

    astro-ph.EP 2025-07 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    Moderate disk warps of about 0.5 to 2 degrees can reproduce the single-armed velocity patterns seen in many exoALMA disks, and may also explain spiral structures in scattered light and CO temperature.

  14. Identifying and Determining Atmospheric Parameters of BHB Stars Based on LAMOST DR11

    astro-ph.SR 2026-07 conditional novelty 4.0 of 10

    A catalog of 13,988 BHB spectra (10,236 unique stars) from LAMOST DR11 with SLAM-based atmospheric parameters, using color indices to break the Teff–logg degeneracy.

  15. A JWST, ALMA and VLA survey of the Ophiuchus-A star-forming region: Unveiling hidden dust mass and connecting infrared outflows to their radio origins

    astro-ph.GA 2026-07 conditional novelty 4.0 of 10

    A multi-wavelength survey of 20 Ophiuchus protostars finds dust masses tens to hundreds of times larger than millimetre-only estimates, if the adopted dust-opacity model is correct.

  16. An Introduction to Dust Evolution and Vertical Transport in Protoplanetary Disks

    astro-ph.SR 2025-09 unverdicted novelty 1.0 of 10

    A tutorial that reviews the physics and observational methods for measuring dust sizes and vertical settling in protoplanetary disks.

Pith tools