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PsySafe: A Comprehensive Framework for Psychological-based Attack, Defense, and Evaluation of Multi-agent System Safety

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arxiv 2401.11880 v3 pith:LV2JDKXE submitted 2024-01-22 cs.CL cs.AIcs.CRcs.MA

classification cs.CLcs.AIcs.CRcs.MA
keywords agentsmulti-agentsafetysystemsbehaviorscomprehensivedangerousframework
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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Multi-agent systems, when enhanced with Large Language Models (LLMs), exhibit profound capabilities in collective intelligence. However, the potential misuse of this intelligence for malicious purposes presents significant risks. To date, comprehensive research on the safety issues associated with multi-agent systems remains limited. In this paper, we explore these concerns through the innovative lens of agent psychology, revealing that the dark psychological states of agents constitute a significant threat to safety. To tackle these concerns, we propose a comprehensive framework (PsySafe) grounded in agent psychology, focusing on three key areas: firstly, identifying how dark personality traits in agents can lead to risky behaviors; secondly, evaluating the safety of multi-agent systems from the psychological and behavioral perspectives, and thirdly, devising effective strategies to mitigate these risks. Our experiments reveal several intriguing phenomena, such as the collective dangerous behaviors among agents, agents' self-reflection when engaging in dangerous behavior, and the correlation between agents' psychological assessments and dangerous behaviors. We anticipate that our framework and observations will provide valuable insights for further research into the safety of multi-agent systems. We will make our data and code publicly accessible at https://github.com/AI4Good24/PsySafe.

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Cited by 2 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. Attacking and Defending Multi-Agent Collaborative Filtering Systems Through Connectivity

    cs.IR 2026-08 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    In agent-based collaborative filtering, attack spread and privacy leakage grow with interaction connectivity, but the effect is asymmetric between user and item agents and differs between early and steady-state phases.

  2. When Autonomy Goes Rogue: Preparing for Risks of Multi-Agent Collusion in Social Systems

    cs.AI 2025-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    In a 1,000-agent social simulation, decentralized groups of malicious AI agents spread more misinformation and commit more fraud than centralized groups, and they adapt to evade content moderation.

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