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RALL-E: Robust Codec Language Modeling with Chain-of-Thought Prompting for Text-to-Speech Synthesis

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arxiv 2404.03204 v3 pith:RBYBX64Y submitted 2024-04-04 eess.AS cs.AIcs.CLcs.LGcs.SD

classification eess.AScs.AIcs.CLcs.LGcs.SD
keywords rall-elanguagedurationprosodychain-of-thoughtdemonstrateerrorfeatures
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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abstract

We present RALL-E, a robust language modeling method for text-to-speech (TTS) synthesis. While previous work based on large language models (LLMs) shows impressive performance on zero-shot TTS, such methods often suffer from poor robustness, such as unstable prosody (weird pitch and rhythm/duration) and a high word error rate (WER), due to the autoregressive prediction style of language models. The core idea behind RALL-E is chain-of-thought (CoT) prompting, which decomposes the task into simpler steps to enhance the robustness of LLM-based TTS. To accomplish this idea, RALL-E first predicts prosody features (pitch and duration) of the input text and uses them as intermediate conditions to predict speech tokens in a CoT style. Second, RALL-E utilizes the predicted duration prompt to guide the computing of self-attention weights in Transformer to enforce the model to focus on the corresponding phonemes and prosody features when predicting speech tokens. Results of comprehensive objective and subjective evaluations demonstrate that, compared to a powerful baseline method VALL-E, RALL-E significantly improves the WER of zero-shot TTS from $5.6\%$ (without reranking) and $1.7\%$ (with reranking) to $2.5\%$ and $1.0\%$, respectively. Furthermore, we demonstrate that RALL-E correctly synthesizes sentences that are hard for VALL-E and reduces the error rate from $68\%$ to $4\%$.

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Cited by 5 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. DiTReducio: A Training-Free Acceleration for DiT-Based TTS via Progressive Calibration

    cs.SD 2025-09 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    DiTReducio is a training-free, pattern-guided layer and branch skipping method that accelerates DiT-based TTS, reporting significant FLOP and RTF reductions with modest quality loss at tuned thresholds.

  2. Robust and Efficient Autoregressive Speech Synthesis with Dynamic Chunk-wise Prediction Policy

    cs.SD 2025-06 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    DCAR dynamically schedules chunk-wise token prediction in AR TTS, improving WER by up to 72.27% relative and speeding up inference by up to 2.89x over next-token baselines.

  3. Zero-Shot Streaming Text to Speech Synthesis with Transducer and Auto-Regressive Modeling

    cs.LG 2025-05 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    SMLLE generates speech frame-by-frame using a Transducer for streaming semantic tokens plus a fully autoregressive mel-spectrogram model, reaching quality close to sentence-level zero-shot TTS.

  4. VoiceStar: Robust Zero-Shot Autoregressive TTS with Duration Control and Extrapolation

    eess.AS 2025-05 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    VoiceStar uses a progress-based rotary position embedding and mixed prompt training to give zero-shot voice cloning precise duration control and much longer output than training clips.

  5. CLEAR: Continuous Latent Autoregressive Modeling for High-quality and Low-latency Speech Synthesis

    eess.AS 2025-08 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    CLEAR is a zero-shot TTS model that autoregressively predicts compact continuous audio latents with a per-token rectified flow head, reaching 1.88% WER on LibriSpeech Subset-B with an RTF of 0.29 and a 96 ms streaming delay.

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