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A gas-rich cosmic web revealed by the partitioning of the missing baryons
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abstract
Approximately half of the Universe's dark matter resides in collapsed halos; significantly less than half of the baryonic matter (protons and neutrons) remains confined to halos. A small fraction of baryons are in stars and the interstellar medium within galaxies. The lion's share are diffuse ($<$10$^{-3}$ cm$^{-3}$) and ionized (neutral fraction $<$10$^{-4}$), located in the intergalactic medium (IGM) and in the halos of galaxy clusters, groups, and galaxies. This diffuse ionized gas is notoriously difficult to measure, but has wide implications for galaxy formation, astrophysical feedback, and precision cosmology. Recently, the dispersion of extragalactic Fast Radio Bursts (FRBs) has been used to measure the total content of cosmic baryons. Here, we present a large cosmological sample of FRB sources localized to their host galaxies. We have robustly partitioned the missing baryons into the IGM, galaxy clusters, and galaxies, providing a late-Universe measurement of the total baryon density of $\Omega_b\,h_{70} = 0.051_{-0.006}^{+0.006}$. Our results indicate efficient feedback processes that can deplete galaxy halos and enrich the IGM ($f_{\rm IGM}=0.76_{-0.11}^{+0.10}$), agreeing with the baryon-rich cosmic web scenario seen in cosmological simulations. Our results may reduce the ``$S_8$ tension'' in cosmology, as strong feedback leads to suppression of the matter power spectrum.
Forward citations
Cited by 14 Pith papers
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The One-Loop Power Spectrum of Fast Radio Burst Dispersion Measures
A one-loop EFT power spectrum model for FRB free-electron clustering matches FLAMINGO simulations to k ~ 0.2 h/Mpc, with electron bias b_e ~ 0.92 and near-perfect electron-matter correlation.
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Measurement of angular cross-correlation between the cosmological dispersion measure and the thermal Sunyaev--Zeldovich effect
First detection of an angular cross-correlation between FRB dispersion measure and the thermal SZ y-map: amplitude A≈2 relative to the fiducial halo-model prediction (4.0σ for Planck, 1.5σ for ACT).
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A Correlation Between FRB Dispersion Measure and Foreground Large-Scale Structure
FRB dispersion measures are positively correlated with foreground galaxy density at 4.2 sigma, and sightlines avoiding halos imply at least 69% of cosmic baryons reside outside virial radii.
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Gravitational Wave Modeling of White-Dwarf--Compact-Object Binaries and Observational Outlook
WD–CO binaries produce unique GW waveforms with a sharp f_max cutoff; LGWA/DECIGO will detect many end stages, while terrestrial detectors will not mistake them for sub-solar compact objects.
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Fast Radio Bursts Trace Cosmic Star Formation with Little Delay
Hierarchical Bayesian analysis of CHIME/FRB finds the FRB volumetric rate peaks with the cosmic star-formation history at mean delays of 0.1–0.3 Gyr, consistent with zero delay and ruling out multi-Gyr merger-like delays.
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Probing the Dispersion and Rotation Measure Contributions from Supernova Remnants in Fast Radio Burst Source Environments with 1D SNR Simulation
Unshocked SN ejecta dominate evolving FRB local DM (DM∝t^{-1.8–1.9}); matching observed dDM/dt implies tens–hundreds pc cm^{-3} of SNR DM_source and GHz transparency by ≲70 yr.
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The cosmic web's Lyman-$\alpha$ glow at $z \approx 2.5$; hydrodynamic models, dust, and wide-field, narrow-band detection
Five cosmological simulations predict that the faint ultraviolet excess seen by the Condor telescope at z≈2.5 is Lyman-alpha light from the cosmic web, with measurable detection thresholds for wide-field surveys.
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Stellar Mass-Dispersion Measure Correlations Constrain Baryonic Feedback in Fast Radio Burst Host Galaxies
Using 20 low-redshift fast radio burst hosts, the authors find host dispersion measure decreases with stellar mass, a trend that conflicts with the weak-feedback CAMELS-Astrid simulation.
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Measurement of the Dispersion$\unicode{x2013}$Galaxy Cross-Power Spectrum with the Second CHIME/FRB Catalog
FRB dispersion and foreground galaxy density are spatially correlated at 5.1 sigma, with a fitted plasma clustering cutoff near 0.9 Mpc, measured from 2,873 CHIME FRBs and about 6 million DESI galaxies.
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Calibrating $\rm{DM_{IGM}}-z$ relation using host galaxies of FRBs
A claimed tight sSFR-DM_exc correlation is used to calibrate the DM_IGM-z relation, but the improvement is evaluated on the same data used to fit the model.
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Contemporaneous optical-radio observations of a fast radio burst in a close galaxy pair
A new fast radio burst was caught with an optical follow-up image starting 3.4 s later, giving a fluence ratio limit F_opt/F_radio <= 0.023 for a non-repeater.
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Probing Primordial Black Holes with upcoming Radio Telescopes: a case study for LOFAR2.0, FAST Core Array and BINGO
LOFAR2.0, FAST Core Array and BINGO can constrain the PBH dark matter fraction f_PBH below 0.16-0.39 for masses above 10^{-2} to 10 solar masses via FRB lensing statistics.
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Investigating Interacting Dark Energy Models Using Fast Radio Burst Observations
FRB dispersion measures do not yet discriminate between interacting dark energy models, but simulated 10,000-burst samples would measure key parameters to percent-level precision.
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Fast Radio Bursts as cosmological proxies: estimating the Hubble constant
Using 97 localized fast radio bursts, this paper estimates the Hubble constant at 65.13 +/- 2.52 km/s/Mpc via maximum likelihood, consistent with Planck but not with SH0ES.
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