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AgentNet: Decentralized Evolutionary Coordination for LLM-based Multi-Agent Systems

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arxiv 2504.00587 v2 pith:R5Z323CN submitted 2025-04-01 cs.MA cs.CL

classification cs.MAcs.CL
keywords agentnetagentscentralizedcoordinationdecentralizedllm-basedmulti-agentsystems
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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The rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs) has enabled the development of multi-agent systems where multiple LLM-based agents collaborate on complex tasks. However, existing systems often rely on centralized coordination, leading to scalability bottlenecks, reduced adaptability, and single points of failure. Privacy and proprietary knowledge concerns further hinder cross-organizational collaboration, resulting in siloed expertise. We propose AgentNet, a decentralized, Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG)-based framework that enables LLM-based agents to specialize, evolve, and collaborate autonomously in a dynamically structured Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG). Unlike prior approaches with static roles or centralized control, AgentNet allows agents to adjust connectivity and route tasks based on local expertise and context. AgentNet introduces three key innovations: (1) a fully decentralized coordination mechanism that eliminates the need for a central orchestrator, enhancing robustness and emergent intelligence; (2) dynamic agent graph topology that adapts in real time to task demands, ensuring scalability and resilience; and (3) a retrieval-based memory system for agents that supports continual skill refinement and specialization. By minimizing centralized control and data exchange, AgentNet enables fault-tolerant, privacy-preserving collaboration across organizations. Experiments show that AgentNet achieves higher task accuracy than both single-agent and centralized multi-agent baselines.

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Forward citations

Cited by 14 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. Learning Decentralized LLM Collaboration with Multi-Agent Actor Critic

    cs.AI 2026-01 unverdicted novelty 6.0 of 10

    Multi-agent actor-critic methods with a centralized critic improve decentralized LLM collaboration over Monte Carlo baselines in long-horizon and sparse-reward settings.

  2. Cost and Accuracy of Long-Term Memory in Distributed Multi-Agent Systems Based on Large Language Models

    cs.IR 2026-01 reject novelty 5.0 of 10

    A two-framework testbed comparison claims mem0 is Pareto-optimal over Graphiti for distributed LLM agents because its lower cost is paired with accuracy that is not significantly different.

  3. StackPlanner: A Centralized Hierarchical Multi-Agent System with Task-Experience Memory Management

    cs.AI 2026-01 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    A hierarchical multi-agent system whose coordinator actively condenses/prunes task memory and retrieves cross-task experience, trained with GRPO, reports higher F1 than baselines on four benchmarks.

  4. An Auditable Agent Platform For Automated Molecular Optimisation

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    A hierarchical multi-agent LLM platform with recorded provenance improved average predicted binding affinity for AKT1 by 31%, while single-agent runs favored drug-likeness.

  5. HKGAI-V1: Towards Regional Sovereign Large Language Model for Hong Kong

    cs.CL 2025-07 reject novelty 5.0 of 10

    A DeepSeek-based model fine-tuned for Hong Kong outperforms general models on Hong Kong benchmarks, but most of those benchmarks are self-authored and unreleased.

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  7. SciSage: A Multi-Agent Framework for High-Quality Scientific Survey Generation

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    SciSage, a multi-agent reflection-based framework, is reported to outperform previous LLM survey generators on coherence and citation F1, while a new benchmark, SurveyScope, enables standardized evaluation.

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  10. Multi-level Value Alignment in Agentic AI Systems: Survey and Perspectives

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  11. Toward Efficient Agents: Memory, Tool learning, and Planning

    cs.AI 2026-01 conditional novelty 3.0 of 10

    A survey that organizes efficiency techniques for LLM agents into memory, tool learning, and planning, and consolidates benchmarks and metrics for measuring cost-performance trade-offs.

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  13. Intelligent System of Emergent Knowledge: A Coordination Fabric for Billions of Minds

    cs.MA 2025-06 reject novelty 2.0 of 10

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