MiniCPM4: Ultra-Efficient LLMs on End Devices
read the original abstract
This paper introduces MiniCPM4, a highly efficient large language model (LLM) designed explicitly for end-side devices. We achieve this efficiency through systematic innovation in four key dimensions: model architecture, training data, training algorithms, and inference systems. Specifically, in terms of model architecture, we propose InfLLM v2, a trainable sparse attention mechanism that accelerates both prefilling and decoding phases for long-context processing. Regarding training data, we propose UltraClean, an efficient and accurate pre-training data filtering and generation strategy, and UltraChat v2, a comprehensive supervised fine-tuning dataset. These datasets enable satisfactory model performance to be achieved using just 8 trillion training tokens. Regarding training algorithms, we propose ModelTunnel v2 for efficient pre-training strategy search, and improve existing post-training methods by introducing chunk-wise rollout for load-balanced reinforcement learning and data-efficient tenary LLM, BitCPM. Regarding inference systems, we propose CPM.cu that integrates sparse attention, model quantization, and speculative sampling to achieve efficient prefilling and decoding. To meet diverse on-device requirements, MiniCPM4 is available in two versions, with 0.5B and 8B parameters, respectively. Furthermore, we construct a hybrid reasoning model, MiniCPM4.1, which can be used in both deep reasoning mode and non-reasoning mode. Evaluation results demonstrate that MiniCPM4 and MiniCPM4.1 outperform similar-sized open-source models across benchmarks, with the 8B variants showing significant speed improvements on long sequence understanding and generation.
This paper has not been read by Pith yet.
Forward citations
Cited by 12 Pith papers
-
Too Nice to Tell the Truth: Quantifying Agreeableness-Driven Sycophancy in Role-Playing Language Models
Agreeableness in AI personas reliably predicts sycophantic behavior in 9 of 13 tested language models.
-
ReverseEOL: Improving Training-free Text Embeddings via Text Reversal in Decoder-only LLMs
ReverseEOL improves training-free text embeddings by combining forward and reversed-text representations from frozen decoder-only LLMs.
-
SparDA: Sparse Decoupled Attention for Efficient Long-Context LLM Inference
SparDA introduces a decoupled Forecast head per GQA group in sparse attention to enable lookahead KV selection and prefetching, delivering up to 1.25x prefill and 1.7x decode speedups with matched accuracy on 8B models.
-
DashAttention: Differentiable and Adaptive Sparse Hierarchical Attention
DashAttention introduces differentiable adaptive sparse hierarchical attention via α-entmax block selection, achieving full-attention accuracy at 75% sparsity with improved Pareto performance over NSA and InfLLMv2.
-
TIDE-Bench: Task-Aware and Diagnostic Evaluation of Tool-Integrated Reasoning
TIDE-Bench is a new benchmark for tool-integrated reasoning that combines diverse tasks, multi-aspect metrics covering answer quality, process reliability, efficiency and cost, plus filtered challenging test sets.
-
MiniCPM-o 4.5: Towards Real-Time Full-Duplex Omni-Modal Interaction
MiniCPM-o 4.5 uses the Omni-Flow streaming framework to deliver real-time full-duplex omni-modal interaction with proactive behavior in a 9B model that approaches Gemini 2.5 Flash performance.
-
Kimi Linear: An Expressive, Efficient Attention Architecture
Kimi Linear hybridizes linear attention with a new KDA module to beat full attention on tasks while slashing KV cache by 75% and speeding decoding up to 6x.
-
The Ratchet Effect in Silico: How Interaction Drives Cumulative Intelligence in Large Language Models
Populations of 1-4B parameter LLMs using peer verification and shared cultural memory achieve 8.8-18.9 point gains on mathematical reasoning tasks and close much of the gap to 70B+ single models.
-
VoxCPM2 Technical Report
VoxCPM2 scales hierarchical continuous-latent speech modeling to 2B parameters and over 2M hours of multilingual data, unifying voice cloning, style control, and continuation in one backbone with open release.
-
JaiTTS: A Thai Voice Cloning Model
JaiTTS-v1.0 achieves 1.94% CER on short Thai speech, beating human ground truth of 1.98%, matches humans on long speech, and wins 283 of 400 human comparisons against commercial systems.
-
JaiTTS: A Thai Voice Cloning Model
JaiTTS-v1.0 achieves a character error rate of 1.94% on short Thai speech tasks, surpassing human ground truth of 1.98%, matches humans on long tasks, and wins 283 of 400 human pairwise comparisons against commercial models.
-
LongAct: Harnessing Intrinsic Activation Patterns for Long-Context Reinforcement Learning
LongAct uses saliency from high-magnitude activations to guide sparse weight updates in long-context RL, yielding about 8% gains on LongBench v2 across multiple algorithms.
discussion (0)
Sign in with ORCID, Apple, or X to comment. Anyone can read and Pith papers without signing in.