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Continual Lifelong Learning in Natural Language Processing: A Survey

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arxiv 2012.09823 v1 pith:62WQG3W4 submitted 2020-12-17 cs.CL cs.AIcs.LGcs.NE

classification cs.CLcs.AIcs.LGcs.NE
keywords learninglanguagecontinualexistinglearnmethodsnaturalsurvey
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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Continual learning (CL) aims to enable information systems to learn from a continuous data stream across time. However, it is difficult for existing deep learning architectures to learn a new task without largely forgetting previously acquired knowledge. Furthermore, CL is particularly challenging for language learning, as natural language is ambiguous: it is discrete, compositional, and its meaning is context-dependent. In this work, we look at the problem of CL through the lens of various NLP tasks. Our survey discusses major challenges in CL and current methods applied in neural network models. We also provide a critical review of the existing CL evaluation methods and datasets in NLP. Finally, we present our outlook on future research directions.

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Cited by 4 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. Fine-Tuning Regimes Define Distinct Continual Learning Problems

    cs.LG 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 6.0 of 10

    The relative rankings of continual learning methods are not preserved across different fine-tuning regimes defined by trainable parameter depth.

  2. PROL : Rehearsal Free Continual Learning in Streaming Data via Prompt Online Learning

    cs.LG 2025-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    PROL achieves state-of-the-art rehearsal-free online continual learning accuracy on CIFAR100, ImageNet-R, ImageNet-A, and CUB with a single lightweight prompt generator and 16 trainable numbers per class.

  3. Meta-Cultural Competence: Climbing the Right Hill of Cultural Awareness

    cs.CY 2025-02 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    The paper argues that LLMs should be evaluated and built for meta-cultural competence rather than static knowledge of specific cultures, and gives a first, illustrative measurement of one component.

  4. UrbanMind: Towards Urban General Intelligence via Tool-Enhanced Retrieval-Augmented Generation and Multilevel Optimization

    cs.LG 2025-07 reject novelty 4.0 of 10

    The paper introduces UrbanMind, a tool-enhanced RAG framework with a multilevel optimization formulation for continual adaptation in urban AI, but offers only qualitative prototype results.

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