Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Convergence Analysis of the Lion Optimizer in Centralized and Distributed Settings

As of 19 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 26 of 26 outbound references and 4 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2508.12327.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2508.12327 v1

Coverage vector

measured 26 of 26 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-15T17:35:15.250105Z

measured 30 of 30 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00

measured 4 of 4 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-05-10T12:10:44.802059Z

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: arxiv_reference, observed 2026-05-11T19:21:07.711388Z

Reference resolution

26 of 26 outbound references displayed

verified exact1
verified fuzzy4
unresolved21
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier0
metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation e3e7697a-a081-4cbe-b99e-6a8e1a56b929 · outbound

This paper cites Arjevani, Y.

Convergence Analysis of the Lion Optimizer in Centralized and Distributed Settings Arjevani, Y

Reference 1

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T17:35:15.161640Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 2d2a61fe-155e-4271-a587-8d4c04ba2309 · outbound

This paper cites Bernstein, Y.-X.

Convergence Analysis of the Lion Optimizer in Centralized and Distributed Settings Bernstein, Y.-X

Reference 2

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T17:35:15.165699Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation aab13fe9-d264-4130-96c5-876cde8074cd · outbound

This paper cites Bernstein, J.

Convergence Analysis of the Lion Optimizer in Centralized and Distributed Settings Bernstein, J

Reference 3

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T17:35:15.169342Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation f383b968-6715-4630-b26b-1d0d2cbab8cf · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Convergence Analysis of the Lion Optimizer in Centralized and Distributed Settings Unresolved cited work

Reference 4

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T17:35:15.508549Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation 0553b5e4-83ce-4db7-83d9-fd1286c22af0 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Convergence Analysis of the Lion Optimizer in Centralized and Distributed Settings Unresolved cited work

Reference 5

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T17:35:15.498435Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation 6354237c-222d-42f4-a294-269bb01857fb · outbound

This paper cites Cutkosky and F.

Convergence Analysis of the Lion Optimizer in Centralized and Distributed Settings Cutkosky and F

Reference 6

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T17:35:15.180327Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 8e441a0c-ee01-44a4-98fc-7eca8226e1d5 · outbound

This paper cites Convergence Rate Analysis of LION.

Convergence Analysis of the Lion Optimizer in Centralized and Distributed Settings Convergence Rate Analysis of LION

Reference 7

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T17:35:15.184364Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 829c438f-db75-4cd2-8f03-6d6e3871ce26 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Convergence Analysis of the Lion Optimizer in Centralized and Distributed Settings Unresolved cited work

Reference 8

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T17:35:15.188442Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 260c2db9-6a35-4c37-a3da-71e7c68e1a2b · outbound

This paper cites Ghadimi and G.

Convergence Analysis of the Lion Optimizer in Centralized and Distributed Settings Ghadimi and G

Reference 9

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T17:35:15.191926Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation fb919009-c46c-4f6f-8e2d-e6216c760784 · outbound

This paper cites Lion Cub: Minimizing Communication Overhead in Distributed Lion.

Convergence Analysis of the Lion Optimizer in Centralized and Distributed Settings Lion Cub: Minimizing Communication Overhead in Distributed Lion

Reference 10

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-15T17:35:15.322334Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation 1df16ea9-3505-4314-a5e7-9a06e9460bfb · outbound

This paper cites Jiang, S.

Convergence Analysis of the Lion Optimizer in Centralized and Distributed Settings Jiang, S

Reference 11

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T17:35:15.468926Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation 32e4bc3f-59fb-493e-bfae-5bfee884adcd · outbound

This paper cites Improved Analysis for Sign-based Methods with Momentum Updates.

Convergence Analysis of the Lion Optimizer in Centralized and Distributed Settings Improved Analysis for Sign-based Methods with Momentum Updates

Reference 12

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T17:35:15.202361Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 196af736-2878-4d1a-b4c8-22092e7acff2 · outbound

This paper cites Stochastic-Sign SGD for Federated Learning with Theoretical Guarantees.

Convergence Analysis of the Lion Optimizer in Centralized and Distributed Settings Stochastic-Sign SGD for Federated Learning with Theoretical Guarantees

Reference 13

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T17:35:15.205727Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation ad9ac23b-b39a-424f-a5bc-56bbdba35205 · outbound

This paper cites Johnson and T.

Convergence Analysis of the Lion Optimizer in Centralized and Distributed Settings Johnson and T

Reference 14

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T17:35:15.457763Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation 5a309d80-fd73-45a1-9881-87345db4b30d · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Convergence Analysis of the Lion Optimizer in Centralized and Distributed Settings Unresolved cited work

Reference 15

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T17:35:15.445953Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation 02e1ba1f-f468-49d0-ab84-d2a05c940e16 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Convergence Analysis of the Lion Optimizer in Centralized and Distributed Settings Unresolved cited work

Reference 16

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T17:35:15.433788Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation b456e1af-9b1b-4968-8cf1-2e2124443d68 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Convergence Analysis of the Lion Optimizer in Centralized and Distributed Settings Unresolved cited work

Reference 17

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T17:35:15.421980Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation aa2cd79c-1d75-4656-b4da-06efd3d0733b · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Convergence Analysis of the Lion Optimizer in Centralized and Distributed Settings Unresolved cited work

Reference 18

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T17:35:15.410533Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation 4c08654c-09d0-4589-ae10-9d890a0cf062 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Convergence Analysis of the Lion Optimizer in Centralized and Distributed Settings Unresolved cited work

Reference 19

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T17:35:15.225774Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 5e9ca168-18ac-43d4-baa3-b409e46c9e7b · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Convergence Analysis of the Lion Optimizer in Centralized and Distributed Settings Unresolved cited work

Reference 20

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T17:35:15.393564Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation 289798d3-fc8a-478c-824b-40e067b00031 · outbound

This paper cites Lions and Muons: Optimization via Stochastic Frank-Wolfe under Heavy-Tailed Noise.

Convergence Analysis of the Lion Optimizer in Centralized and Distributed Settings Lions and Muons: Optimization via Stochastic Frank-Wolfe under Heavy-Tailed Noise

Reference 21

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T17:35:15.232835Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 812eb10c-474e-4aae-9c65-a729b8918c95 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Convergence Analysis of the Lion Optimizer in Centralized and Distributed Settings Unresolved cited work

Reference 22

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T17:35:15.236877Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation e51b96df-44a5-4cc3-b16f-cd49068042e5 · outbound

This paper cites Tang and T.-H.

Convergence Analysis of the Lion Optimizer in Centralized and Distributed Settings Tang and T.-H

Reference 23

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T17:35:15.375942Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation 5bf989c3-4979-435d-8184-f76dafe13413 · outbound

This paper cites Wang, C.-H.

Convergence Analysis of the Lion Optimizer in Centralized and Distributed Settings Wang, C.-H

Reference 24

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T17:35:15.364403Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation f6841eb5-2e82-41f0-a46e-566d0d1044b8 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Convergence Analysis of the Lion Optimizer in Centralized and Distributed Settings Unresolved cited work

Reference 25

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T17:35:15.246748Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation bd1e9bfd-4652-4336-be81-9ac21b0861eb · outbound

This paper cites Zhang, M.

Convergence Analysis of the Lion Optimizer in Centralized and Distributed Settings Zhang, M

Reference 26

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T17:35:15.250105Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Pith citing papers

Observation 6381c770-52c2-4918-8e69-06e4f94c99f7 · inbound

CLion: Efficient Cautious Lion Optimizer with Enhanced Generalization cites this paper.

CLion: Efficient Cautious Lion Optimizer with Enhanced Generalization Convergence Analysis of the Lion Optimizer in Centralized and Distributed Settings

Reference 13

Resolution: metadata mismatch; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-10T11:55:20.575322Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation 0d97b675-670e-48c9-878c-6ffba2884ba1 · inbound

StoSignSGD: Unbiased Structural Stochasticity Fixes SignSGD for Training Large Language Models cites this paper.

StoSignSGD: Unbiased Structural Stochasticity Fixes SignSGD for Training Large Language Models Convergence Analysis of the Lion Optimizer in Centralized and Distributed Settings

Reference 19

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-10T12:15:22.171170Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation de45dcf1-7c0a-4022-91f5-473563300820 · inbound

Accelerating LMO-Based Optimization via Implicit Gradient Transport cites this paper.

Accelerating LMO-Based Optimization via Implicit Gradient Transport Convergence Analysis of the Lion Optimizer in Centralized and Distributed Settings

Reference 8

Resolution: metadata mismatch; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-11T18:36:08.279038Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation a6ca75d2-b5fb-4ec3-969e-4de68cb52bd0 · inbound

When and Why SignSGD Outperforms SGD: A Theoretical Study Based on $\ell_1$-norm Lower Bounds cites this paper.

When and Why SignSGD Outperforms SGD: A Theoretical Study Based on $\ell_1$-norm Lower Bounds Convergence Analysis of the Lion Optimizer in Centralized and Distributed Settings

Reference 15

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-11T19:21:07.713726Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.