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arxiv: 2606.22748 · v2 · pith:OT3HWBN5new · submitted 2026-06-22 · 💻 cs.CL · cs.AI· cs.CY

AI Fiction in the Wild

Neel Gupta , Maria Antoniak , Melanie Walsh This is my paper

Pith reviewed 2026-06-26 09:03 UTC · model grok-4.3

classification 💻 cs.CL cs.AIcs.CY
keywords AI fictionChatGPT conversationsfiction generationroleplayfanfictioneroticapower usersuser patterns
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The pith

More than one third of ChatGPT conversations involve generating fiction including stories, roleplay, fanfiction, and erotica.

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

The paper examines a large collection of anonymized ChatGPT conversations to measure how often users turn the model toward fiction. It reports that fiction accounts for over one third of all conversations and concentrates among power users who repeatedly request and revise the same kinds of stories. Common requests favor fanfiction, erotica, generic plots, and immediate repetition rather than polished or original literary forms. The authors argue this usage points toward a new closed-loop relationship in which one person both writes and reads fiction by conversing only with the machine.

Core claim

Drawing on over 500,000 anonymized English-language ChatGPT conversations, the authors establish that more than one third involve some form of fiction generation, including original stories, roleplay, fanfiction, and erotica. This activity is dominated by power users who display patterns such as infinite story demand, in which they request and iteratively revise variations of the same narrative over long periods. Users show strong preference for fanfiction and erotica together with generic forms, repetition, immediacy, and niche combinations of story elements. The work proposes that these practices may produce a solipsistic reader-writer who generates and consumes fiction inside a conversati

What carries the argument

Classification of conversation logs to detect fiction generation and isolate recurring user profiles such as infinite story demanders.

If this is right

  • Fiction generation concentrates among power users who request repeated variations of similar content.
  • Requests skew toward fanfiction, erotica, generic plots, repetition, and niche element combinations.
  • AI may produce a solipsistic reader-writer who both creates and consumes fiction inside a closed machine loop.
  • Interactivity and rapid permutation become central pleasures in AI-assisted storytelling.

Where Pith is reading between the lines

These are editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

  • The same concentration of repetitive fiction requests may appear on other large language model platforms.
  • Traditional publishing and entertainment industries could face increased competition from on-demand, personalized AI fiction.
  • Longitudinal tracking of individual users could reveal whether infinite story demanders eventually shift toward more varied requests.

Load-bearing premise

The 500,000 anonymized conversations accurately represent typical English-language ChatGPT user behavior and that fiction generation can be reliably identified in them.

What would settle it

A new sample of ChatGPT conversations in which fiction generation appears in substantially fewer than one third of cases.

Figures

Figures reproduced from arXiv: 2606.22748 by Maria Antoniak, Melanie Walsh, Neel Gupta.

Figure 1
Figure 1. Figure 1: A single WildChat user revises and iterates on the same story about a character named “Meredith Lexing [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p002_1.png] view at source ↗
Figure 2
Figure 2. Figure 2: The most prolific WildChat fiction user iterates on similar prompts over and over again throughout this [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p010_2.png] view at source ↗
Figure 3
Figure 3. Figure 3: This figure shows the distribution of first prompt lengths from the fiction subset of the WildChat data, [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p013_3.png] view at source ↗
Figure 4
Figure 4. Figure 4: A WildChat fiction user iterates on similar prompts, and frequently switches topics, throughout this time [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p014_4.png] view at source ↗
Figure 5
Figure 5. Figure 5: The most prolific WildChat fiction user iterates on similar prompts over and over again. Each dot rep [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p025_5.png] view at source ↗
read the original abstract

Some professional authors are beginning to use AI tools to help produce their fiction writing. Are readers using AI to generate fiction, too? Drawing on over 500,000 anonymized, English-language ChatGPT-user conversations (arXiv:2405.01470), we find that more than one third of the conversations involve some form of fiction generation -- including original stories, roleplay, fanfiction, and erotica. This AI-generated fiction is notably dominated by power users. We identify common fiction generation patterns and profiles among these users, including what we call "infinite story demanders," who repeatedly request and revise variations of the same or similar narratives over extended periods of time. We show that users especially gravitate toward fanfiction and erotica, and that they are broadly drawn to generic forms, repetition, immediacy, and niche combinations of story elements. Our findings motivate two theoretical provocations. First, we argue that AI technologies may lead to a shift in the conventional relationship between the author and reader, potentially producing what we call a "solipsistic reader-writer," who both generates and consumes fiction within a closed conversational loop, interacting with a machine rather than a human other. Second, we note that LLMs enable interactivity, play, and permutation in ways that are seemingly pleasurable for users, raising questions about where AI will fit into contemporary storytelling and entertainment ecosystems. We situate these developments within broader transformations in literature and media, including self-publishing, fanfiction, and pornography, and suggest that AI-generated fiction shares structural affinities with on-demand, personalized, and repetitive cultural forms.

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, simulated authors' rebuttal, and a circularity audit. Tearing a paper down is the easy half of reading it; the pith above is the substance, this is the friction.

Referee Report

2 major / 1 minor

Summary. The manuscript analyzes over 500,000 anonymized English-language ChatGPT conversations from a prior dataset and claims that more than one third involve fiction generation (original stories, roleplay, fanfiction, erotica). It reports dominance by power users, identifies patterns such as 'infinite story demanders,' notes preferences for fanfiction/erotica and generic/repetitive forms, and advances two theoretical provocations: a shift toward a 'solipsistic reader-writer' in a closed AI loop and questions about AI's place in storytelling ecosystems, situating the work amid self-publishing, fanfiction, and pornography.

Significance. If the classification of fiction generation proves reliable, the scale of the dataset offers rare empirical grounding for how non-professional users deploy LLMs for creative output. This could strengthen arguments about changing author-reader relations and the rise of on-demand, interactive fiction, while the user-profile observations provide testable patterns for future work on AI entertainment consumption.

major comments (2)
  1. [Abstract] Abstract: The headline quantitative claim ('more than one third of the conversations involve some form of fiction generation') and the secondary claim of power-user dominance rest on an unspecified classification procedure applied to the external dataset (arXiv:2405.01470). No criteria, rubric, model, inter-rater statistics, or edge-case protocol are supplied, so the proportion cannot be evaluated or reproduced from the manuscript itself.
  2. [Abstract] Abstract: The dataset was originally collected for general ChatGPT usage analysis rather than fiction detection; without an explicit mapping or validation step described here, it is unclear whether light roleplay, non-narrative prompts, or ambiguous cases were systematically included or excluded, directly affecting both the >1/3 figure and the 'infinite story demanders' profile.
minor comments (1)
  1. [Abstract] The term 'solipsistic reader-writer' is introduced without a concise operational definition or pointer to related concepts in reader-response or media theory; a brief clarifying sentence would improve accessibility.

Simulated Author's Rebuttal

2 responses · 0 unresolved

We thank the referee for their careful review and constructive feedback. We address each major comment below and will make revisions to improve methodological transparency.

read point-by-point responses

  1. Referee: [Abstract] Abstract: The headline quantitative claim ('more than one third of the conversations involve some form of fiction generation') and the secondary claim of power-user dominance rest on an unspecified classification procedure applied to the external dataset (arXiv:2405.01470). No criteria, rubric, model, inter-rater statistics, or edge-case protocol are supplied, so the proportion cannot be evaluated or reproduced from the manuscript itself.

    Authors: We agree that the classification procedure must be described in detail for the quantitative claims to be evaluable. Although the full manuscript contains a high-level account of how fiction-related conversations were identified from the source dataset, we acknowledge that it lacks the explicit criteria, rubric, validation steps, and edge-case handling requested. In revision we will add a dedicated methods subsection that specifies the classification criteria (e.g., narrative, role-play, and erotic-content indicators), any automated or manual procedures used, inter-rater statistics where applicable, and protocols for ambiguous cases. This addition will allow readers to assess both the >1/3 figure and the power-user observations. revision: yes

  2. Referee: [Abstract] Abstract: The dataset was originally collected for general ChatGPT usage analysis rather than fiction detection; without an explicit mapping or validation step described here, it is unclear whether light roleplay, non-narrative prompts, or ambiguous cases were systematically included or excluded, directly affecting both the >1/3 figure and the 'infinite story demanders' profile.

    Authors: The referee is correct that the source dataset was assembled for general usage analysis. Our work applies a fiction-generation filter to it, and the manuscript currently provides only a brief description of that filter. We will revise the text to include an explicit account of the mapping rules, validation approach, and treatment of borderline cases such as light roleplay or non-narrative prompts. These additions will clarify the scope of the reported proportion and the identification of user profiles including 'infinite story demanders.' revision: yes

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged

No circularity; empirical proportion derived from external dataset without self-referential reduction

full rationale

The paper's central claim (>1/3 of conversations involve fiction generation) is an empirical count drawn from the externally cited dataset in arXiv:2405.01470. No equations, fitted parameters, self-definitions, or load-bearing self-citations appear in the abstract or described derivation. The result does not reduce to its inputs by construction, and the cited source is treated as independent data rather than a uniqueness theorem or ansatz from overlapping authors. This is a standard non-circular empirical report.

Axiom & Free-Parameter Ledger

0 free parameters · 1 axioms · 1 invented entities

Central claims depend on the representativeness of the external conversation dataset and introduce a new conceptual category without independent validation.

axioms (1)
  • domain assumption The dataset from arXiv:2405.01470 provides a representative sample of English-language ChatGPT conversations suitable for broad inference.
    Paper draws conclusions directly from this dataset without addressing selection or sampling limitations.
invented entities (1)
  • solipsistic reader-writer no independent evidence
    purpose: Conceptual label for users who generate and consume fiction solely through AI interaction in a closed loop.
    Introduced as a theoretical provocation; no empirical test or falsifiable prediction is supplied.

pith-pipeline@v0.9.1-grok · 5814 in / 1338 out tokens · 43129 ms · 2026-06-26T09:03:01.068948+00:00 · methodology

discussion (0)

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Reference graph

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