TRIAGE evaluates LLMs on prospective metacognitive control by requiring a single plan for task selection, sequencing, and token allocation under a calibrated budget, revealing substantial gaps in current models across math, science, code, and knowledge tasks.
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The danger of overthinking: Examining the reasoning-action dilemma in agentic tasks
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AcademiClaw is a new benchmark of 80 student-sourced academic tasks where the best frontier AI agents achieve only a 55% pass rate.
SADU benchmark shows top VLMs reach only 70% accuracy on software architecture diagram tasks, revealing gaps in visual reasoning for engineering artifacts.
A hierarchical genetic algorithm induces overthinking in black-box large reasoning models by perturbing logical structure, achieving up to 26.1x longer outputs on the MATH benchmark.
ICR creates a virtual shorter distribution from shortest correct on-policy responses to regularize RL post-training toward concise yet accurate reasoning, improving the accuracy-length Pareto frontier on math and knowledge benchmarks.
FitText embeds memetic evolutionary retrieval inside the agent's reasoning loop to iteratively refine pseudo-tool descriptions, raising retrieval rank from 8.81 to 2.78 on ToolRet and pass rate to 0.73 on StableToolBench.
TRACE aggregates answer consistency and confidence trajectory over multiple reasoning steps to decide when to halt inference, reducing token usage by 25-30% while keeping accuracy within 1-2% of full reasoning.
APMPO boosts average Pass@1 scores on math reasoning benchmarks by 3 points over GRPO by using an adaptive power-mean policy objective and feedback-driven clipping bounds in RLVR training.
FREIA applies free energy principles and adaptive advantage shaping to unsupervised RL, outperforming baselines by 0.5-3.5 Pass@1 points on math reasoning with a 1.5B model.
DTSR enables large reasoning models to dynamically assess chain-of-thought sufficiency via reflection signals and a sufficiency check, reducing reasoning length by 28.9-34.9% with minimal performance loss on Qwen3 models.
Introduces PAS and FAS task abstractions plus the LLM-S^3 benchmark to evaluate LLMs on generating sociodemographic survey responses across 11 real datasets and multiple models.
Self-aligned reward uses relative perplexity differences to encourage concise, query-specific reasoning in LLMs, yielding 4% accuracy gains and 30% lower inference cost when added to PPO or GRPO.
The paper unifies perspectives on Long CoT in reasoning LLMs by introducing a taxonomy, detailing characteristics of deep reasoning and reflection, and discussing emergence phenomena and future directions.
citing papers explorer
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TRIAGE: Evaluating Prospective Metacognitive Control in LLMs under Resource Constraints
TRIAGE evaluates LLMs on prospective metacognitive control by requiring a single plan for task selection, sequencing, and token allocation under a calibrated budget, revealing substantial gaps in current models across math, science, code, and knowledge tasks.
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AcademiClaw: When Students Set Challenges for AI Agents
AcademiClaw is a new benchmark of 80 student-sourced academic tasks where the best frontier AI agents achieve only a 55% pass rate.
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Benchmarking and Evaluating VLMs for Software Architecture Diagram Understanding
SADU benchmark shows top VLMs reach only 70% accuracy on software architecture diagram tasks, revealing gaps in visual reasoning for engineering artifacts.
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Inducing Overthink: Hierarchical Genetic Algorithm-based DoS Attack on Black-Box Large Language Reasoning Models
A hierarchical genetic algorithm induces overthinking in black-box large reasoning models by perturbing logical structure, achieving up to 26.1x longer outputs on the MATH benchmark.
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Implicit Compression Regularization: Concise Reasoning via Internal Shorter Distributions in RL Post-Training
ICR creates a virtual shorter distribution from shortest correct on-policy responses to regularize RL post-training toward concise yet accurate reasoning, improving the accuracy-length Pareto frontier on math and knowledge benchmarks.
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FitText: Evolving Agent Tool Ecologies via Memetic Retrieval
FitText embeds memetic evolutionary retrieval inside the agent's reasoning loop to iteratively refine pseudo-tool descriptions, raising retrieval rank from 8.81 to 2.78 on ToolRet and pass rate to 0.73 on StableToolBench.
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Efficient Test-Time Scaling via Temporal Reasoning Aggregation
TRACE aggregates answer consistency and confidence trajectory over multiple reasoning steps to decide when to halt inference, reducing token usage by 25-30% while keeping accuracy within 1-2% of full reasoning.
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Adapt to Thrive! Adaptive Power-Mean Policy Optimization for Improved LLM Reasoning
APMPO boosts average Pass@1 scores on math reasoning benchmarks by 3 points over GRPO by using an adaptive power-mean policy objective and feedback-driven clipping bounds in RLVR training.
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Free Energy-Driven Reinforcement Learning with Adaptive Advantage Shaping for Unsupervised Reasoning in LLMs
FREIA applies free energy principles and adaptive advantage shaping to unsupervised RL, outperforming baselines by 0.5-3.5 Pass@1 points on math reasoning with a 1.5B model.
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When Is Thinking Enough? Early Exit via Sufficiency Assessment for Efficient Reasoning
DTSR enables large reasoning models to dynamically assess chain-of-thought sufficiency via reflection signals and a sufficiency check, reducing reasoning length by 28.9-34.9% with minimal performance loss on Qwen3 models.
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Large Language Models as Virtual Survey Respondents: Evaluating Sociodemographic Response Generation
Introduces PAS and FAS task abstractions plus the LLM-S^3 benchmark to evaluate LLMs on generating sociodemographic survey responses across 11 real datasets and multiple models.
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Self-Aligned Reward: Towards Effective and Efficient Reasoners
Self-aligned reward uses relative perplexity differences to encourage concise, query-specific reasoning in LLMs, yielding 4% accuracy gains and 30% lower inference cost when added to PPO or GRPO.
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Towards Reasoning Era: A Survey of Long Chain-of-Thought for Reasoning Large Language Models
The paper unifies perspectives on Long CoT in reasoning LLMs by introducing a taxonomy, detailing characteristics of deep reasoning and reflection, and discussing emergence phenomena and future directions.