JWST/NIRSpec data on SN 2024uj reveal complex He I emission overlapping central Ca and O, plus CO and dust, favoring a thermonuclear origin from low-mass white dwarfs.
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abstract
High-quality collections of Type II supernova (SN) light curves are scarce because they evolve for hundreds of days, making follow-up observations time consuming and often extending over multiple observing seasons. In light of these difficulties, the diversity of SNe II is not fully understood. Here we present ultraviolet and optical photometry of 12 SNe II monitored by the Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope Network (LCOGT) during 2013-2014, and compare them with previously studied SNe having well-sampled light curves. We explore SN II diversity by searching for correlations between the slope of the linear light-curve decay after maximum light (historically used to divide SNe II into IIL and IIP) and other measured physical properties. While SNe IIL are found to be on average more luminous than SNe IIP, SNe IIL do not appear to synthesize more 56Ni than SNe IIP. Finally, optical nebular spectra obtained for several SNe in our sample are found to be consistent with models of red supergiant progenitors in the 12-16 Msun range. Consequently, SNe IIL appear not to account for the deficit of massive red supergiants as SN II progenitors.
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2026 11representative citing papers
SN 2023aeaf is photometrically classified as a likely Type II supernova at z=3.195, consistent with a 12 solar mass progenitor and low-metallicity star-forming host.
SN 2020bij and four other Type IIP SNe with slow-rising light curves and high velocities are modeled with weak to no CSM interaction, suggesting a new subclass linked to confined CSM.
SCAT DR1 delivers 1810 spectra of 1330 transients with classifications, fitted light curves, new redshifts for many host galaxies, and host properties as a testbed for photometric classification pipelines.
The DECam Shadow Survey has detected variable LBV eruptions in AT2017des with peaks brightening by ~0.05 mag per year, reaching luminosities similar to extreme SN impostors.
SN 2020aze displays early He II emission from ejecta-CSM interaction, a steep V-band decline, and semi-analytical modeling yields a ~14 solar-mass red supergiant progenitor with ~12 solar-mass ejecta and 1.5e51 erg explosion energy.
SN 2023rve exhibits absent [O I] nebular lines with inferred 14-18 solar mass progenitor, 0.27e51 erg explosion energy, and 0.0064 solar mass nickel, possibly indicating partial fallback.
SN 2025ngs is a short-plateau supernova resembling SN 1998S but fainter, with spectral evidence for interaction with a proximate ring-like circumstellar medium around a supergiant progenitor.
SN 2024abfl is a sub-luminous Type IIP event from a compact progenitor exploding with energy at most 0.05 foe and nickel mass 0.003 solar masses.
The reviewed method generalizes the Cash statistic C_min and likelihood-ratio ΔC to include systematic uncertainties in Poisson data, allowing simultaneous assessment of systematics level and model goodness-of-fit.
citing papers explorer
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JWST Observations of Calcium-Strong Transients: I. Complex Nebular He Emission in SN 2024uj
JWST/NIRSpec data on SN 2024uj reveal complex He I emission overlapping central Ca and O, plus CO and dust, favoring a thermonuclear origin from low-mass white dwarfs.
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Discovery and Analysis of a Type II Supernova Candidate at z = 3.19 from JWST's COSMOS-Web Survey
SN 2023aeaf is photometrically classified as a likely Type II supernova at z=3.195, consistent with a 12 solar mass progenitor and low-metallicity star-forming host.
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SN 2020bij and a Possible Slow-Rise High-Velocity Subclass of Type IIP Supernovae
SN 2020bij and four other Type IIP SNe with slow-rising light curves and high velocities are modeled with weak to no CSM interaction, suggesting a new subclass linked to confined CSM.
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SCAT Data Release 1: 1810 optical spectra of 1330 transients
SCAT DR1 delivers 1810 spectra of 1330 transients with classifications, fitted light curves, new redshifts for many host galaxies, and host properties as a testbed for photometric classification pipelines.
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First Results from the LSST Shadow Survey: The Restless Luminous Blue Variable AT2017des in the Virgo-Cluster Galaxy, NGC4532
The DECam Shadow Survey has detected variable LBV eruptions in AT2017des with peaks brightening by ~0.05 mag per year, reaching luminosities similar to extreme SN impostors.
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Early interaction signatures and an extended plateau phase in Type II SN 2020aze
SN 2020aze displays early He II emission from ejecta-CSM interaction, a steep V-band decline, and semi-analytical modeling yields a ~14 solar-mass red supergiant progenitor with ~12 solar-mass ejecta and 1.5e51 erg explosion energy.
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SN 2023rve: A Type II Supernova with No Nebular Oxygen
SN 2023rve exhibits absent [O I] nebular lines with inferred 14-18 solar mass progenitor, 0.27e51 erg explosion energy, and 0.0064 solar mass nickel, possibly indicating partial fallback.
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The Eye of Sauron in SN 2025ngs: a Short-plateau Cousin of SN 1998S with Evidence for a Ring-like Circumstellar Medium
SN 2025ngs is a short-plateau supernova resembling SN 1998S but fainter, with spectral evidence for interaction with a proximate ring-like circumstellar medium around a supergiant progenitor.
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Sub-luminous Type IIP SN 2024abfl as a result of a significantly low energy Fe-core collapse
SN 2024abfl is a sub-luminous Type IIP event from a compact progenitor exploding with energy at most 0.05 foe and nickel mass 0.003 solar masses.
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Review: A new method for estimation and use of systematic errors in Poisson regression
The reviewed method generalizes the Cash statistic C_min and likelihood-ratio ΔC to include systematic uncertainties in Poisson data, allowing simultaneous assessment of systematics level and model goodness-of-fit.
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