Scratchpad Patching decouples compute from patch size in byte-level language models by inserting entropy-triggered scratchpads to update patch context dynamically.
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Datacomp- LM : In search of the next generation of training sets for language models
14 Pith papers cite this work. Polarity classification is still indexing.
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Gaussian Kernel Attention replaces learned QKV projections with a Gaussian RBF kernel on per-head token features, using 0.42x parameters and 0.49x FLOPs while showing competitive language modeling performance at depth 20.
Expert upcycling duplicates experts in an existing MoE checkpoint and continues pre-training to match fixed-size baseline performance with 32% less compute.
Synthetic pre-pre-training on structured data improves LLM robustness to noisy pre-training, matching baseline loss with up to 49% fewer natural tokens for a 1B model.
ZAYA1-8B is a reasoning MoE model with 700M active parameters that matches larger models on math and coding benchmarks and reaches 91.9% on AIME'25 via Markovian RSA test-time compute.
A review of 114 studies creates taxonomies for code and data quality issues, formalizes 18 propagation mechanisms from training data defects to LLM-generated code defects, and synthesizes detection and mitigation techniques.
NH-CROP introduces a robust online pricing method for governed language data with uncertain costs, using a selective verification gate that improves or matches baselines without relying heavily on paid information acquisition.
Compute-optimal language models require parameter count to scale with data bytes rather than tokens, with optimal token compression rate decreasing as compute budget grows.
X-GRAM applies data-aware dynamic token injection with hybrid hashing and local feature extraction to achieve up to 4.4 accuracy point gains over vanilla backbones and 3.2 over retrieval baselines at 0.73B-1.15B scales using 50% smaller tables.
Parcae stabilizes looped LLMs via spectral norm constraints on injection parameters, enabling power-law scaling for training FLOPs and saturating exponential scaling at test time that improves quality over fixed-depth baselines under fixed parameter budgets.
Attention Editing converts pre-trained LLMs to new attention architectures through layer-wise teacher-forced optimization and model-level distillation, preserving performance with efficiency gains.
Muon optimizer with weight decay and update scaling achieves ~2x efficiency over AdamW for large LLMs, shown via the Moonlight 3B/16B MoE model trained on 5.7T tokens.
SmolLM2 is a 1.7B-parameter language model that outperforms Qwen2.5-1.5B and Llama3.2-1B after overtraining on 11 trillion tokens using custom FineMath, Stack-Edu, and SmolTalk datasets in a multi-stage pipeline.
XekRung achieves state-of-the-art performance on cybersecurity benchmarks among same-scale models via tailored data synthesis and multi-stage training while retaining strong general capabilities.
citing papers explorer
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Scratchpad Patching: Decoupling Compute from Patch Size in Byte-Level Language Models
Scratchpad Patching decouples compute from patch size in byte-level language models by inserting entropy-triggered scratchpads to update patch context dynamically.
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Projection-Free Transformers via Gaussian Kernel Attention
Gaussian Kernel Attention replaces learned QKV projections with a Gaussian RBF kernel on per-head token features, using 0.42x parameters and 0.49x FLOPs while showing competitive language modeling performance at depth 20.
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Expert Upcycling: Shifting the Compute-Efficient Frontier of Mixture-of-Experts
Expert upcycling duplicates experts in an existing MoE checkpoint and continues pre-training to match fixed-size baseline performance with 32% less compute.
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Synthetic Pre-Pre-Training Improves Language Model Robustness to Noisy Pre-Training Data
Synthetic pre-pre-training on structured data improves LLM robustness to noisy pre-training, matching baseline loss with up to 49% fewer natural tokens for a 1B model.
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ZAYA1-8B Technical Report
ZAYA1-8B is a reasoning MoE model with 700M active parameters that matches larger models on math and coding benchmarks and reaches 91.9% on AIME'25 via Markovian RSA test-time compute.
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Bridging Generation and Training: A Systematic Review of Quality Issues in LLMs for Code
A review of 114 studies creates taxonomies for code and data quality issues, formalizes 18 propagation mechanisms from training data defects to LLM-generated code defects, and synthesizes detection and mitigation techniques.
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NH-CROP: Robust Pricing for Governed Language Data Assets under Cost Uncertainty
NH-CROP introduces a robust online pricing method for governed language data with uncertain costs, using a selective verification gate that improves or matches baselines without relying heavily on paid information acquisition.
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Compute Optimal Tokenization
Compute-optimal language models require parameter count to scale with data bytes rather than tokens, with optimal token compression rate decreasing as compute budget grows.
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Beyond N-gram: Data-Aware X-GRAM Extraction for Efficient Embedding Parameter Scaling
X-GRAM applies data-aware dynamic token injection with hybrid hashing and local feature extraction to achieve up to 4.4 accuracy point gains over vanilla backbones and 3.2 over retrieval baselines at 0.73B-1.15B scales using 50% smaller tables.
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Parcae: Scaling Laws For Stable Looped Language Models
Parcae stabilizes looped LLMs via spectral norm constraints on injection parameters, enabling power-law scaling for training FLOPs and saturating exponential scaling at test time that improves quality over fixed-depth baselines under fixed parameter budgets.
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Attention Editing: A Versatile Framework for Cross-Architecture Attention Conversion
Attention Editing converts pre-trained LLMs to new attention architectures through layer-wise teacher-forced optimization and model-level distillation, preserving performance with efficiency gains.
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Muon is Scalable for LLM Training
Muon optimizer with weight decay and update scaling achieves ~2x efficiency over AdamW for large LLMs, shown via the Moonlight 3B/16B MoE model trained on 5.7T tokens.
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SmolLM2: When Smol Goes Big -- Data-Centric Training of a Small Language Model
SmolLM2 is a 1.7B-parameter language model that outperforms Qwen2.5-1.5B and Llama3.2-1B after overtraining on 11 trillion tokens using custom FineMath, Stack-Edu, and SmolTalk datasets in a multi-stage pipeline.
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XekRung Technical Report
XekRung achieves state-of-the-art performance on cybersecurity benchmarks among same-scale models via tailored data synthesis and multi-stage training while retaining strong general capabilities.