MusicLM produces coherent multi-minute 24 kHz music from text prompts using hierarchical sequence-to-sequence modeling and outperforms prior systems in quality and text adherence.
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High Fidelity Neural Audio Compression
24 Pith papers cite this work. Polarity classification is still indexing.
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Pith papers citing it
abstract
We introduce a state-of-the-art real-time, high-fidelity, audio codec leveraging neural networks. It consists in a streaming encoder-decoder architecture with quantized latent space trained in an end-to-end fashion. We simplify and speed-up the training by using a single multiscale spectrogram adversary that efficiently reduces artifacts and produce high-quality samples. We introduce a novel loss balancer mechanism to stabilize training: the weight of a loss now defines the fraction of the overall gradient it should represent, thus decoupling the choice of this hyper-parameter from the typical scale of the loss. Finally, we study how lightweight Transformer models can be used to further compress the obtained representation by up to 40%, while staying faster than real time. We provide a detailed description of the key design choices of the proposed model including: training objective, architectural changes and a study of various perceptual loss functions. We present an extensive subjective evaluation (MUSHRA tests) together with an ablation study for a range of bandwidths and audio domains, including speech, noisy-reverberant speech, and music. Our approach is superior to the baselines methods across all evaluated settings, considering both 24 kHz monophonic and 48 kHz stereophonic audio. Code and models are available at github.com/facebookresearch/encodec.
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representative citing papers
AffectCodec is an emotion-guided neural speech codec that preserves emotional cues during quantization while maintaining semantic fidelity and prosodic naturalness.
VITA-QinYu is the first expressive end-to-end spoken language model supporting role-playing and singing alongside conversation, trained on 15.8K hours of data and outperforming prior models on expressiveness and conversational benchmarks.
PairAlign learns compact audio token sequences via self-alignment of paired content views using an autoregressive decoder, achieving strong cross-view consistency and edit-distance preservation while reducing token count by 55% on TIMIT.
Introduces the Indic-CodecFake dataset for Indic codec deepfakes and SATYAM, a novel hyperbolic ALM that outperforms baselines through dual-stage semantic-prosodic fusion using Bhattacharya distance.
A new shared video-image tokenizer enables large language models to surpass diffusion models on standard visual generation benchmarks.
VALL-E is a neural codec language model trained on 60K hours of speech that performs zero-shot TTS, synthesizing natural speech that matches an unseen speaker's voice, emotion, and environment from a 3-second prompt.
Sec2Drum-DAC renders drum audio from symbolic inputs via diffusion on PCA-reduced DAC latents, improving spectral and transient metrics over regression baselines on 1733 held-out windows.
A compact 0.09B model using hierarchical discrete tokenization and prompted latent translation outperforms larger baselines in cross-modal PPG-to-ECG synthesis and cross-frequency super-resolution.
MiniMind-O delivers a working 0.1B-scale open omni model with speech-native output, Thinker-Talker split, frozen encoders, and full release of code, checkpoints, and training data.
Chain-of-Details (CoD) is a cascaded TTS method that explicitly models temporal coarse-to-fine dynamics with a shared decoder, achieving competitive performance using significantly fewer parameters.
LLM-Codec augments audio codec training with multi-step token prediction and contrastive semantic alignment to improve both waveform reconstruction and autoregressive predictability for speech language models.
HCFD is a new pathology-aware benchmark and dataset for codec-fake audio detection in healthcare, with PHOENIX-Mamba achieving up to 97% accuracy by modeling fakes as modes in hyperbolic space.
CSLM achieves cross-modal and cross-lingual alignment in speech LLMs via continual pre-training on discrete tokens and speech-text interleaved instruction tuning, enabling scalability without massive speech datasets.
A Conformer-conditioned decoder-only language model generates discrete tokens via a neural audio codec to separate four music stems, reaching near state-of-the-art perceptual quality and top NISQA on vocals in MUSDB18-HQ tests.
Diff-VS is an efficient audio-aware diffusion U-Net for vocal separation that matches discriminative baselines on objective metrics while achieving state-of-the-art perceptual quality via proxy measures.
CogACT is a new VLA model that uses a conditioned diffusion action transformer to achieve over 35% higher average success rates than OpenVLA in simulation and 55% in real-robot experiments while generalizing to new robots and objects.
Qwen-Audio trains a unified model on diverse audio and tasks with hierarchical tags to enable strong zero-shot performance on audio understanding benchmarks and multi-turn audio chat.
A Transformer predicts tokens from neural audio codecs (EnCodec, DAC, X-Codec) to convert expressive drum grids into audio, trained and evaluated on the E-GMD dataset using objective metrics.
Diffusion reconstruction creates hard samples for audio deepfake detection training, and when paired with feature aggregation and RACL, it reduces average EER versus baselines.
Pretrained audio models show large performance gaps between standard MIR tasks and music recommendation in both hot and cold-start settings.
HAFM uses a hierarchical autoregressive model with dual-rate HuBERT and EnCodec tokens to generate coherent instrumental music from vocals, achieving FAD 2.08 on MUSDB18 while matching prior systems with fewer parameters.
Woosh is a new publicly released foundation model optimized for high-quality sound effect generation from text or video, showing competitive or better results than open alternatives like Stable Audio Open.
A 30B-parameter transformer and related models generate high-quality videos and audio, claiming state-of-the-art results on text-to-video, video editing, personalization, and audio generation tasks.
citing papers explorer
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MusicLM: Generating Music From Text
MusicLM produces coherent multi-minute 24 kHz music from text prompts using hierarchical sequence-to-sequence modeling and outperforms prior systems in quality and text adherence.
-
AffectCodec: Emotion-Preserving Neural Speech Codec for Expressive Speech Modeling
AffectCodec is an emotion-guided neural speech codec that preserves emotional cues during quantization while maintaining semantic fidelity and prosodic naturalness.
-
VITA-QinYu: Expressive Spoken Language Model for Role-Playing and Singing
VITA-QinYu is the first expressive end-to-end spoken language model supporting role-playing and singing alongside conversation, trained on 15.8K hours of data and outperforming prior models on expressiveness and conversational benchmarks.
-
PairAlign: A Framework for Sequence Tokenization via Self-Alignment with Applications to Audio Tokenization
PairAlign learns compact audio token sequences via self-alignment of paired content views using an autoregressive decoder, achieving strong cross-view consistency and edit-distance preservation while reducing token count by 55% on TIMIT.
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Indic-CodecFake meets SATYAM: Towards Detecting Neural Audio Codec Synthesized Speech Deepfakes in Indic Languages
Introduces the Indic-CodecFake dataset for Indic codec deepfakes and SATYAM, a novel hyperbolic ALM that outperforms baselines through dual-stage semantic-prosodic fusion using Bhattacharya distance.
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Language Model Beats Diffusion -- Tokenizer is Key to Visual Generation
A new shared video-image tokenizer enables large language models to surpass diffusion models on standard visual generation benchmarks.
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Neural Codec Language Models are Zero-Shot Text to Speech Synthesizers
VALL-E is a neural codec language model trained on 60K hours of speech that performs zero-shot TTS, synthesizing natural speech that matches an unseen speaker's voice, emotion, and environment from a 3-second prompt.
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Seconds-Aligned PCA-DAC Latent Diffusion for Symbolic-to-Audio Drum Rendering
Sec2Drum-DAC renders drum audio from symbolic inputs via diffusion on PCA-reduced DAC latents, improving spectral and transient metrics over regression baselines on 1733 held-out windows.
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Compact Latent Manifold Translation: A Parameter-Efficient Foundation Model for Cross-Modal and Cross-Frequency Physiological Signal Synthesis
A compact 0.09B model using hierarchical discrete tokenization and prompted latent translation outperforms larger baselines in cross-modal PPG-to-ECG synthesis and cross-frequency super-resolution.
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MiniMind-O Technical Report: An Open Small-Scale Speech-Native Omni Model
MiniMind-O delivers a working 0.1B-scale open omni model with speech-native output, Thinker-Talker split, frozen encoders, and full release of code, checkpoints, and training data.
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Text-To-Speech with Chain-of-Details: modeling temporal dynamics in speech generation
Chain-of-Details (CoD) is a cascaded TTS method that explicitly models temporal coarse-to-fine dynamics with a shared decoder, achieving competitive performance using significantly fewer parameters.
-
LLM-Codec: Neural Audio Codec Meets Language Model Objectives
LLM-Codec augments audio codec training with multi-step token prediction and contrastive semantic alignment to improve both waveform reconstruction and autoregressive predictability for speech language models.
-
HCFD: A Benchmark for Audio Deepfake Detection in Healthcare
HCFD is a new pathology-aware benchmark and dataset for codec-fake audio detection in healthcare, with PHOENIX-Mamba achieving up to 97% accuracy by modeling fakes as modes in hyperbolic space.
-
Efficient Training for Cross-lingual Speech Language Models
CSLM achieves cross-modal and cross-lingual alignment in speech LLMs via continual pre-training on discrete tokens and speech-text interleaved instruction tuning, enabling scalability without massive speech datasets.
-
Discrete Token Modeling for Multi-Stem Music Source Separation with Language Models
A Conformer-conditioned decoder-only language model generates discrete tokens via a neural audio codec to separate four music stems, reaching near state-of-the-art perceptual quality and top NISQA on vocals in MUSDB18-HQ tests.
-
Diff-VS: Efficient Audio-Aware Diffusion U-Net for Vocals Separation
Diff-VS is an efficient audio-aware diffusion U-Net for vocal separation that matches discriminative baselines on objective metrics while achieving state-of-the-art perceptual quality via proxy measures.
-
CogACT: A Foundational Vision-Language-Action Model for Synergizing Cognition and Action in Robotic Manipulation
CogACT is a new VLA model that uses a conditioned diffusion action transformer to achieve over 35% higher average success rates than OpenVLA in simulation and 55% in real-robot experiments while generalizing to new robots and objects.
-
Qwen-Audio: Advancing Universal Audio Understanding via Unified Large-Scale Audio-Language Models
Qwen-Audio trains a unified model on diverse audio and tasks with hierarchical tags to enable strong zero-shot performance on audio understanding benchmarks and multi-turn audio chat.
-
Drum Synthesis from Expressive Drum Grids via Neural Audio Codecs
A Transformer predicts tokens from neural audio codecs (EnCodec, DAC, X-Codec) to convert expressive drum grids into audio, trained and evaluated on the E-GMD dataset using objective metrics.
-
Diffusion Reconstruction towards Generalizable Audio Deepfake Detection
Diffusion reconstruction creates hard samples for audio deepfake detection training, and when paired with feature aggregation and RACL, it reduces average EER versus baselines.
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Adopting State-of-the-Art Pretrained Audio Representations for Music Recommender Systems
Pretrained audio models show large performance gaps between standard MIR tasks and music recommendation in both hot and cold-start settings.
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HAFM: Hierarchical Autoregressive Foundation Model for Music Accompaniment Generation
HAFM uses a hierarchical autoregressive model with dual-rate HuBERT and EnCodec tokens to generate coherent instrumental music from vocals, achieving FAD 2.08 on MUSDB18 while matching prior systems with fewer parameters.
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Woosh: A Sound Effects Foundation Model
Woosh is a new publicly released foundation model optimized for high-quality sound effect generation from text or video, showing competitive or better results than open alternatives like Stable Audio Open.
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Movie Gen: A Cast of Media Foundation Models
A 30B-parameter transformer and related models generate high-quality videos and audio, claiming state-of-the-art results on text-to-video, video editing, personalization, and audio generation tasks.