In the ADD extra-dimension model, microscopic primordial black holes undergo runaway accretion and grow to macroscopic scales, allowing them to comprise all dark matter with initial abundances as low as 10^{-44}.
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Cosmic microwave background limits on accreting primordial black holes
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abstract
Interest in the idea that primordial black holes (PBHs) might comprise some or all of the dark matter has recently been rekindled following LIGO's first direct detection of a binary-black-hole merger. Here we revisit the effect of accreting PBHs on the cosmic microwave background (CMB) frequency spectrum and angular temperature/polarization power spectra. We compute the accretion rate and luminosity of PBHs, accounting for their suppression by Compton drag and Compton cooling by CMB photons. We estimate the gas temperature near the Schwarzschild radius, and hence the free-free luminosity, accounting for the cooling resulting from collisional ionization when the background gas is mostly neutral. We account approximately for the velocities of PBHs with respect to the background gas. We provide a simple analytic estimate of the efficiency of energy deposition in the plasma. We find that the spectral distortions generated by accreting PBHs are too small to be detected by FIRAS, as well as by future experiments now being considered. We analyze Planck CMB temperature and polarization data and find, under our most conservative hypotheses, and at the order-of-magnitude level, that they rule out PBHs with masses >~ 10^2 M_sun as the dominant component of dark matter.
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Primordial black holes generate up to 30% amplitude VAO wiggles in 21 cm signals from the Dark Ages at redshifts 20-40 even at dark matter fractions as low as 10^-13.
GW231123's masses and high spins are consistent with primordial black holes that accreted mass and angular momentum in the early universe within the standard PBH framework.
No monotonic reionization history fits Planck τ, patchy kSZ from SPT/ACT, and Lyα endpoint; an early ionization phase at z≳12 relaxes ∑mν<0.39 eV and shifts σ8 via As-τ degeneracy.
Inflaton accretion during reheating drives non-linear PBH mass growth that extends lifetimes and amplifies emitted SGWB by multiple orders of magnitude.
Tensor perturbations from FOPT and domain-wall sources are claimed to induce second-order scalar perturbations large enough to form primordial black holes, potentially all of the dark matter.
For ultra-light PBHs with extended mass distributions, new CMB-derived 95% exclusion bounds on f_PBH are obtained by jointly varying ΛCDM parameters, yielding f_PBH < 1.6 × 10^{-5} for a uniform distribution between 10^{15} and 10^{17} g.
For tachyonic models with ζ=A(φ²−σ²), the PBH abundance is exponentially set by the correlation ρ between field and radial gradient; narrow spectra drive ρ→−1 and suppress PBH formation without killing the induced GW signal.
Upper bounds on the dark matter fraction in MACHOs of 10^3 to 10^7 solar masses are derived from limits on distortions to the global 21-cm signal at z~17, z~89, and z>300.
Memory-burden backreaction deforms the Hawking spectrum to suppress its high-energy tail, lowering total luminosity and neutrino flux by a factor set by a single suppression parameter and thereby relaxing IceCube bounds on primordial black hole dark matter.
Ultralight boson clouds around primordial black holes emit high-frequency gravitational wave transients via superradiance and binary-driven transitions, but the signals fall below current detector sensitivity at plausible distances.
In mixed ULDM-PBH halos the continuum PBH contribution alters soliton structure at the tens-of-percent level while discrete shot noise induces mode transitions too slow to matter on galactic timescales.
Sets upper limits on primordial black hole dark matter fraction using extragalactic gamma-ray background, claiming these are the tightest indirect constraints for the mass range.
PBH-triggered SN Ia models across metallicities match some observed light curves and remnants, constrain the explosion channel fraction via chemical evolution modeling, and indicate PBHs as a potentially major early-universe SN Ia source.
Radiation capture by primordial black holes heavier than 10^15 solar masses modifies cosmic expansion enough for Planck CMB data to bound their abundance below 10 percent.
CMB data limits the s-wave annihilation cross section of thermal dark matter particles to ≲ 10^{-30} cm³/s scaled by PBH fraction and mass for PBHs heavier than ~10^{-10} solar masses.
Review of PBH formation via compaction function and relativistic thresholds in FLRW backgrounds, arguing that memory burden and curvature corrections halt evaporation to leave Planck-scale relics.
Primordial black holes in specific mass ranges could account for some or all dark matter while resolving structure-formation and seed problems in standard cosmology.
citing papers explorer
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Microscopic primordial black holes as macroscopic dark matter from large extra dimensions
In the ADD extra-dimension model, microscopic primordial black holes undergo runaway accretion and grow to macroscopic scales, allowing them to comprise all dark matter with initial abundances as low as 10^{-44}.
-
Primordial black holes and the velocity acoustic oscillations features in 21 cm signals from the cosmic Dark Ages
Primordial black holes generate up to 30% amplitude VAO wiggles in 21 cm signals from the Dark Ages at redshifts 20-40 even at dark matter fractions as low as 10^-13.
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GW231123: A Possible Primordial Black Hole Origin
GW231123's masses and high spins are consistent with primordial black holes that accreted mass and angular momentum in the early universe within the standard PBH framework.
-
A hidden reionization prior biases cosmological inference
No monotonic reionization history fits Planck τ, patchy kSZ from SPT/ACT, and Lyα endpoint; an early ionization phase at z≳12 relaxes ∑mν<0.39 eV and shifts σ8 via As-τ degeneracy.
-
Inflaton Accretion onto Primordial Black Holes During Reheating
Inflaton accretion during reheating drives non-linear PBH mass growth that extends lifetimes and amplifies emitted SGWB by multiple orders of magnitude.
-
Primordial Black Hole from Tensor-induced Density Fluctuation: First-order Phase Transitions and Domain Walls
Tensor perturbations from FOPT and domain-wall sources are claimed to induce second-order scalar perturbations large enough to form primordial black holes, potentially all of the dark matter.
-
CMB constraints on ultra-light primordial black holes with extended mass distributions
For ultra-light PBHs with extended mass distributions, new CMB-derived 95% exclusion bounds on f_PBH are obtained by jointly varying ΛCDM parameters, yielding f_PBH < 1.6 × 10^{-5} for a uniform distribution between 10^{15} and 10^{17} g.
-
Purely quadratic non-Gaussianity from tachyonic instability: Primordial black holes and scalar-induced gravitational waves
For tachyonic models with ζ=A(φ²−σ²), the PBH abundance is exponentially set by the correlation ρ between field and radial gradient; narrow spectra drive ρ→−1 and suppress PBH formation without killing the induced GW signal.
-
Dark ages bounds on non-accreting massive compact halo objects
Upper bounds on the dark matter fraction in MACHOs of 10^3 to 10^7 solar masses are derived from limits on distortions to the global 21-cm signal at z~17, z~89, and z>300.
-
Memory-Burden Suppression of Hawking Radiation and Neutrino Constraints on Primordial Black Holes
Memory-burden backreaction deforms the Hawking spectrum to suppress its high-energy tail, lowering total luminosity and neutrino flux by a factor set by a single suppression parameter and thereby relaxing IceCube bounds on primordial black hole dark matter.
-
High-frequency gravitational wave transients from superradiance
Ultralight boson clouds around primordial black holes emit high-frequency gravitational wave transients via superradiance and binary-driven transitions, but the signals fall below current detector sensitivity at plausible distances.
-
Ultralight dark matter mixed with primordial black holes
In mixed ULDM-PBH halos the continuum PBH contribution alters soliton structure at the tens-of-percent level while discrete shot noise induces mode transitions too slow to matter on galactic timescales.
-
Limits on primordial black holes from the extragalactic gamma-ray background; current status and future projections
Sets upper limits on primordial black hole dark matter fraction using extragalactic gamma-ray background, claiming these are the tightest indirect constraints for the mass range.
-
Primordial Black Hole Triggered Type Ia Supernovae II: Comparison with Supernova Remnants and Galactic Chemical Evolution
PBH-triggered SN Ia models across metallicities match some observed light curves and remnants, constrain the explosion channel fraction via chemical evolution modeling, and indicate PBHs as a potentially major early-universe SN Ia source.
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CMB Bounds on Primordial Black Holes via Radiation Capture
Radiation capture by primordial black holes heavier than 10^15 solar masses modifies cosmic expansion enough for Planck CMB data to bound their abundance below 10 percent.
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In-depth analysis of the clustering of dark matter particles around primordial black holes. Part III: CMB constraints
CMB data limits the s-wave annihilation cross section of thermal dark matter particles to ≲ 10^{-30} cm³/s scaled by PBH fraction and mass for PBHs heavier than ~10^{-10} solar masses.
-
Primordial Black Holes: A Review of Formation and Evolution
Review of PBH formation via compaction function and relativistic thresholds in FLRW backgrounds, arguing that memory burden and curvature corrections halt evaporation to leave Planck-scale relics.
-
Primordial Black Holes as Dark Matter: Recent Developments
Primordial black holes in specific mass ranges could account for some or all dark matter while resolving structure-formation and seed problems in standard cosmology.