The reviewed record of science sign in
Pith

arxiv: 2501.02116 · v2 · pith:346LRM5G · submitted 2025-01-03 · cs.RO

Humanoid Locomotion and Manipulation: Current Progress and Challenges in Control, Planning, and Learning

Reviewed by Pithpith:346LRM5Gopen to challenge →

classification cs.RO
keywords humanoidlearningplanningcontrollocomotionmanipulationmethodsmodel-based
0
0 comments X
read the original abstract

Humanoid robots hold great potential to perform various human-level skills, involving unified locomotion and manipulation in real-world settings. Driven by advances in machine learning and the strength of existing model-based approaches, these capabilities have progressed rapidly, but often separately. This survey offers a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art in humanoid locomotion and manipulation (HLM), with a focus on control, planning, and learning methods. We first review the model-based methods that have been the backbone of humanoid robotics for the past three decades. We discuss contact planning, motion planning, and whole-body control, highlighting the trade-offs between model fidelity and computational efficiency. Then the focus is shifted to examine emerging learning-based methods, with an emphasis on reinforcement and imitation learning that enhance the robustness and versatility of loco-manipulation skills. Furthermore, we assess the potential of integrating foundation models with humanoid embodiments to enable the development of generalist humanoid agents. This survey also highlights the emerging role of tactile sensing, particularly whole-body tactile feedback, as a crucial modality for handling contact-rich interactions. Finally, we compare the strengths and limitations of model-based and learning-based paradigms from multiple perspectives, such as robustness, computational efficiency, versatility, and generalizability, and suggest potential solutions to existing challenges.

This paper has not been read by Pith yet.

discussion (0)

Sign in with ORCID, Apple, or X to comment. Anyone can read and Pith papers without signing in.

Forward citations

Cited by 10 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score.

  1. On Surprising Effects of Risk-Aware Domain Randomization for Contact-Rich Sampling-based Predictive Control

    cs.RO 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 7.0

    Risk-aware domain randomization in contact-rich sampling-based predictive control reshapes the basin of attraction around contact-producing actions in the optimizer's effective cost landscape.

  2. CWI: Composite Humanoid Whole-Body Imitation System for Loco-manipulation

    cs.RO 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    CWI decouples MoCap data for upper-body manipulation and lower-body locomotion, using dual discriminators and multi-critic training plus distillation to produce a policy that works from hand poses and velocity commands alone.

  3. HCLM: A Hierarchical Framework for Cooperative Loco-Manipulation with Dual Quadrupeds

    cs.RO 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    HCLM presents a hierarchical architecture that uses an SE(3)-invariant diffusion policy for coordination and a hybrid whole-body controller with MPC and admittance control for safe closed-chain loco-manipulation on du...

  4. VOFA: Visual Object Goal Pushing with Force-Adaptive Control for Humanoids

    cs.RO 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    VOFA combines a high-level visuomotor policy with a low-level force-adaptive controller to let humanoids push objects up to 17 kg to arbitrary goals using only noisy onboard vision, achieving over 80% real-world success.

  5. FlashSAC: Fast and Stable Off-Policy Reinforcement Learning for High-Dimensional Robot Control

    cs.LG 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    FlashSAC improves training speed and final performance of off-policy RL on high-dimensional robot tasks by reducing update frequency, increasing model scale, and bounding norms to limit critic error accumulation.

  6. FlashSAC: Fast and Stable Off-Policy Reinforcement Learning for High-Dimensional Robot Control

    cs.LG 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    FlashSAC scales up Soft Actor-Critic with fewer updates, larger models, higher data throughput, and norm bounds to deliver faster, more stable training than PPO on high-dimensional robot control tasks across dozens of...

  7. HUSKY: Humanoid Skateboarding System via Physics-Aware Whole-Body Control

    cs.RO 2026-02 conditional novelty 6.0

    HUSKY combines humanoid-skateboard dynamics modeling with adversarial motion priors and physics-guided lean-to-steer strategies to achieve real-world stable skateboarding on a humanoid robot.

  8. DreamPolicy: A Unified World-model Policy for Scalable Humanoid Locomotion

    cs.RO 2025-05 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    DreamPolicy integrates an autoregressive diffusion world model with policy learning to produce a single scalable policy that generalizes to unseen composite terrains for humanoid locomotion.

  9. HumanoidMimicGen: Data Generation for Loco-Manipulation via Whole-Body Planning

    cs.RO 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    HumanoidMimicGen automatically generates large loco-manipulation datasets from few source demonstrations using whole-body planning, enabling visuomotor policies that outperform real-data-only training by 20% on a new ...

  10. Learning Agile Striker Skills for Humanoid Soccer Robots from Noisy Sensory Input

    cs.RO 2025-12 conditional novelty 5.0

    A four-stage RL system with teacher-student distillation and online constrained adaptation enables humanoid robots to achieve robust ball-kicking accuracy under noisy perception in simulation and on physical hardware.