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arxiv: 2502.00722 · v2 · pith:UL66UQ3Unew · submitted 2025-02-02 · 💻 cs.DC

Demystifying Cost-Efficiency in LLM Serving over Heterogeneous GPUs

classification 💻 cs.DC
keywords servingheterogeneouscost-efficiencydiverseresourcescloudcomputedemands
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Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have led to increasingly diverse requests, accompanied with varying resource (compute and memory) demands to serve them. However, this in turn degrades the cost-efficiency of LLM serving as common practices primarily rely on homogeneous GPU resources. In response to this problem, this work conducts a thorough study about serving LLMs over heterogeneous GPU resources on cloud platforms. The rationale is that different GPU types exhibit distinct compute and memory characteristics, aligning well with the divergent resource demands of diverse requests. Particularly, through comprehensive benchmarking, we discover that the cost-efficiency of LLM serving can be substantially optimized by meticulously determining GPU composition, deployment configurations, and workload assignments. Subsequently, we design a scheduling algorithm via mixed-integer linear programming, aiming at deducing the most cost-efficient serving plan under the constraints of price budget and real-time GPU availability. Remarkably, our approach effectively outperforms homogeneous and heterogeneous baselines under a wide array of scenarios, covering diverse workload traces, varying GPU availablilities, and multi-model serving. This casts new light on more accessible and efficient LLM serving over heterogeneous cloud resources.

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Cited by 10 Pith papers

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    HexAGenT reduces the SLO scale required for timely agentic LLM workflow completion by an average of 20.1% at 95% attainment and 33.0% at 99% attainment on heterogeneous A100/H100/H200 clusters.

  3. Coral: Cost-Efficient Multi-LLM Serving over Heterogeneous Cloud GPUs

    cs.DC 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 7.0

    Coral cuts multi-LLM serving costs by up to 2.79x and raises goodput by up to 2.39x on heterogeneous GPUs through adaptive joint optimization and a lossless two-stage decomposition that solves quickly.

  4. Autopoiesis: A Self-Evolving System Paradigm for LLM Serving Under Runtime Dynamics

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  7. HexiSeq: Accommodating Long Context Training of LLMs over Heterogeneous Hardware

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    HexiSeq optimizes sequence and head partitioning across mixed GPUs to improve long-context LLM training throughput by up to 1.72x in simulations.

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