Uniformly recurrent subalgebras in finite von Neumann algebras

We introduce the notion of a uniformly recurrent subalgebra (URA) for a trace-preserving action of a countable discrete group $\Gamma$ on a finite von Neumann algebra $M$, providing an operator-algebraic counterpart to the theory of uniformly recurrent subgroups (URS). We also show that the Effros-Mar\'echal space $\text{Sub}(M)$ is compact if and only if $M$ lacks a diffuse direct summand. Leveraging this, we show that URAs can exhibit arbitrary topological complexity and construct exotic URAs homeomorphic to any prescribed minimal Polish space. In the context of crossed products $M \rtimes \Gamma$ with amenable coefficients, we utilize URAs to formulate a new characterization of C*-simplicity, proving that $\Gamma$ is C*-simple if and only if the only amenable URA of the crossed product containing $M$ is $\{M\}$. Finally, to bypass the failure of compactness in $\text{Sub}(M)$, we develop a generalized state-space machinery using Baire-category methods on the weak-* compact space of trace-extending states. This construction captures compact, discrete, and exotic URAs, while recovering the classical URS framework as a special case.