Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

DiLoCo: Distributed Low-Communication Training of Language Models

As of 10 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 0 of 0 outbound references and 40 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2311.08105.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2311.08105 v3

Coverage vector

measured 0 of 0 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links

measured 40 of 40 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00

measured 40 of 40 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-07T15:45:00.694739Z

measured 1 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: arxiv_reference, observed 2026-08-05T02:28:24.338817Z

Reference resolution

0 of 0 outbound references displayed

verified exact0
verified fuzzy0
unresolved0
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malformed identifier0
metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

7
arxiv_reference, observed 2026-08-05T02:28:24.338817Z

Outbound references

No outbound reference observations are available for this paper version.

Pith citing papers

Observation 15ad925d-b52d-460d-877d-99fbcae9f9fa · inbound

Prime Collective Communications Library -- Technical Report cites this paper.

Prime Collective Communications Library -- Technical Report DiLoCo: Distributed Low-Communication Training of Language Models

Reference 2

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T15:45:00.694739Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 071f1e30-5c6f-4492-bf64-3c50eca7c604 · inbound

Incentivizing Permissionless Distributed Learning of LLMs cites this paper.

Incentivizing Permissionless Distributed Learning of LLMs DiLoCo: Distributed Low-Communication Training of Language Models

Reference 4

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T13:30:19.164843Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation ec5ff9dd-d323-429c-b9ae-5d73bd6acdd0 · inbound

DES-LOC: Desynced Low Communication Adaptive Optimizers for Training Foundation Models cites this paper.

DES-LOC: Desynced Low Communication Adaptive Optimizers for Training Foundation Models DiLoCo: Distributed Low-Communication Training of Language Models

Reference 12

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T13:13:21.194758Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 4449a919-5659-43e7-bf23-9d0dc44eb9a2 · inbound

MuLoCo: Muon is a practical inner optimizer for DiLoCo cites this paper.

MuLoCo: Muon is a practical inner optimizer for DiLoCo DiLoCo: Distributed Low-Communication Training of Language Models

Reference 13

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:45:26.610592Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 6e906f3c-ff5a-495d-ab76-86472ce8777e · inbound

Subspace Networks: Scaling Decentralized Training with Communication-Efficient Model Parallelism cites this paper.

Subspace Networks: Scaling Decentralized Training with Communication-Efficient Model Parallelism DiLoCo: Distributed Low-Communication Training of Language Models

Reference 13

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T11:55:13.360801Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 76f073f6-21b1-4e85-aabd-74f486939cb4 · inbound

PC-MoE: Memory-Efficient and Privacy-Preserving Collaborative Training for Mixture-of-Experts LLMs cites this paper.

PC-MoE: Memory-Efficient and Privacy-Preserving Collaborative Training for Mixture-of-Experts LLMs DiLoCo: Distributed Low-Communication Training of Language Models

Reference 5

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T11:17:08.727540Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 416f7470-76d8-4077-8710-3ab49683b68f · inbound

HALoS: Hierarchical Asynchronous Local SGD over Slow Networks for Geo-Distributed Large Language Model Training cites this paper.

HALoS: Hierarchical Asynchronous Local SGD over Slow Networks for Geo-Distributed Large Language Model Training DiLoCo: Distributed Low-Communication Training of Language Models

Reference 11

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T10:46:06.468296Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 407c224f-5d82-43e0-9a22-a0ba775b36cf · inbound

NoLoCo: No-all-reduce Low Communication Training Method for Large Models cites this paper.

NoLoCo: No-all-reduce Low Communication Training Method for Large Models DiLoCo: Distributed Low-Communication Training of Language Models

Reference 2021

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T04:20:01.338312Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 8549cf5b-dd06-4a11-98b6-9f82744c914d · inbound

DiLoCoX: A Low-Communication Large-Scale Training Framework for Decentralized Cluster cites this paper.

DiLoCoX: A Low-Communication Large-Scale Training Framework for Decentralized Cluster DiLoCo: Distributed Low-Communication Training of Language Models

Reference 6

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T22:40:13.436255Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 547be796-941e-40ce-aa18-496d59b245c6 · inbound

On the Surprising Effectiveness of a Single Global Merging in Decentralized Learning cites this paper.

On the Surprising Effectiveness of a Single Global Merging in Decentralized Learning DiLoCo: Distributed Low-Communication Training of Language Models

Reference 16

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-19T05:42:06.087985Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

Observation 4581f219-a55e-46eb-8f6f-dac9a32201d5 · inbound

DICE: Data Influence Cascade in Decentralized Learning cites this paper.

DICE: Data Influence Cascade in Decentralized Learning DiLoCo: Distributed Low-Communication Training of Language Models

Reference 2019

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T19:00:00.918889Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation ef29e758-7d1f-40ed-898a-be261a4fc9a9 · inbound

Distributed and Decentralised Training: Technical Governance Challenges in a Shifting AI Landscape cites this paper.

Distributed and Decentralised Training: Technical Governance Challenges in a Shifting AI Landscape DiLoCo: Distributed Low-Communication Training of Language Models

Reference 7

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T18:37:45.531277Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation ee585c18-0e62-4758-9dbe-f2062d9917bb · inbound

Model Parallelism With Subnetwork Data Parallelism cites this paper.

Model Parallelism With Subnetwork Data Parallelism DiLoCo: Distributed Low-Communication Training of Language Models

Reference 9

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T18:19:59.333518Z

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Observation 719527bf-0822-43b7-ac90-8e208eac7646 · inbound

Compute Requirements for Algorithmic Innovation in Frontier AI Models cites this paper.

Compute Requirements for Algorithmic Innovation in Frontier AI Models DiLoCo: Distributed Low-Communication Training of Language Models

Reference 12

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T17:52:50.265538Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 56cd2afe-9f0a-41fd-a231-e5696fb4f400 · inbound

Overcoming the Communication-Performance Tradeoff in LLM Pretraining cites this paper.

Overcoming the Communication-Performance Tradeoff in LLM Pretraining DiLoCo: Distributed Low-Communication Training of Language Models

Reference 2024

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T17:50:42.327928Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation d20fa830-0265-4a0b-8cef-3700bff4f7c1 · inbound

AdLoCo: adaptive batching significantly improves communications efficiency and convergence for Large Language Models cites this paper.

AdLoCo: adaptive batching significantly improves communications efficiency and convergence for Large Language Models DiLoCo: Distributed Low-Communication Training of Language Models

Reference 3

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T16:36:50.502069Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 735fd172-a4bc-4a6b-a7b2-3b5eb52e84cb · inbound

Paris: A Decentralized Trained Open-Weight Diffusion Model cites this paper.

Paris: A Decentralized Trained Open-Weight Diffusion Model DiLoCo: Distributed Low-Communication Training of Language Models

Reference 4

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T12:37:33.139636Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation ee686517-8e08-47fb-bea2-93f0aa6fde3e · inbound

Towards a future space-based, highly scalable AI infrastructure system design cites this paper.

Towards a future space-based, highly scalable AI infrastructure system design DiLoCo: Distributed Low-Communication Training of Language Models

Reference 39

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T21:00:25.350044Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 8affa5a0-6c2d-45ed-b5c8-488d36d803c2 · inbound

Learning Decentralized LLM Collaboration with Multi-Agent Actor Critic cites this paper.

Learning Decentralized LLM Collaboration with Multi-Agent Actor Critic DiLoCo: Distributed Low-Communication Training of Language Models

Reference 11

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-16T09:50:49.408158Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

Observation 14ec8947-395e-4b2e-8ba7-f4de7bc932a9 · inbound

Learning Decentralized LLM Collaboration with Multi-Agent Actor Critic cites this paper.

Learning Decentralized LLM Collaboration with Multi-Agent Actor Critic DiLoCo: Distributed Low-Communication Training of Language Models

Reference 11

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T06:46:38.886381Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 60c3ecbb-c895-41d5-9e0d-221fa60f8ccb · inbound

LoRDO: Distributed Low-Rank Optimization with Infrequent Communication cites this paper.

LoRDO: Distributed Low-Rank Optimization with Infrequent Communication DiLoCo: Distributed Low-Communication Training of Language Models

Reference 6

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T04:44:55.319460Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation d1c9f7f1-8bbe-4e3c-baf0-9adfa6831473 · inbound

Distributed Generative Inference of LLM at Internet Scales with Multi-Dimensional Communication Optimization cites this paper.

Distributed Generative Inference of LLM at Internet Scales with Multi-Dimensional Communication Optimization DiLoCo: Distributed Low-Communication Training of Language Models

Reference 10

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-09T23:04:17.846136Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

Observation 669f8d3c-b7c6-48da-a9fa-389612f0a24d · inbound

Scalable Hyperparameter-Divergent Ensemble Training with Automatic Learning Rate Exploration for Large Models cites this paper.

Scalable Hyperparameter-Divergent Ensemble Training with Automatic Learning Rate Exploration for Large Models DiLoCo: Distributed Low-Communication Training of Language Models

Reference 5

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-11T21:51:20.305569Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

Observation 7d01d556-d04a-45ed-b874-a4ebec0d0f21 · inbound

Rennala MVR: Improved Time Complexity for Parallel Stochastic Optimization via Momentum-Based Variance Reduction cites this paper.

Rennala MVR: Improved Time Complexity for Parallel Stochastic Optimization via Momentum-Based Variance Reduction DiLoCo: Distributed Low-Communication Training of Language Models

Reference 48

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-12T07:51:31.493255Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

Observation da34be27-988f-409b-83a0-7ec12094c728 · inbound

Cosine-Gated Adam-Decay: Drop-In Staleness-Aware Outer Optimization for Decoupled DiLoCo cites this paper.

Cosine-Gated Adam-Decay: Drop-In Staleness-Aware Outer Optimization for Decoupled DiLoCo DiLoCo: Distributed Low-Communication Training of Language Models

Reference 2

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-12T02:31:16.903062Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

Observation 4e08d48d-d067-4fd7-8043-523dfc129b2f · inbound

Optimistic Dual Averaging Unifies Modern Optimizers cites this paper.

Optimistic Dual Averaging Unifies Modern Optimizers DiLoCo: Distributed Low-Communication Training of Language Models

Reference 4

Resolution: metadata mismatch; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-13T05:52:21.837939Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

Observation 0dbb234a-1f2d-48ae-8b63-af31aca8ebeb · inbound

ScheduleFree+: Scaling Learning-Rate-Free & Schedule-Free Learning to Large Language Models cites this paper.

ScheduleFree+: Scaling Learning-Rate-Free & Schedule-Free Learning to Large Language Models DiLoCo: Distributed Low-Communication Training of Language Models

Reference 9

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-20T12:23:16.790219Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

Observation f2347315-cd60-43e8-ad4c-7105119d1cd7 · inbound

ScaleAcross Explorer: Exploring Communication Optimization for Scale-Across AI Model Training cites this paper.

ScaleAcross Explorer: Exploring Communication Optimization for Scale-Across AI Model Training DiLoCo: Distributed Low-Communication Training of Language Models

Reference 7

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-06-30T13:04:40.496903Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

Observation a9082207-48d1-4bc4-b2f5-e4ba2ba2779c · inbound

Outer-Momentum Restarting in High-Dimensional Two-Phase Optimization cites this paper.

Outer-Momentum Restarting in High-Dimensional Two-Phase Optimization DiLoCo: Distributed Low-Communication Training of Language Models

Reference 8

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-06-29T13:33:27.499368Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

Observation 89e02c70-d3cc-40a7-a260-fd4ab45ed7d0 · inbound

Local MixVR: Breaking the Communication-Sample Dependence in Distributed Learning cites this paper.

Local MixVR: Breaking the Communication-Sample Dependence in Distributed Learning DiLoCo: Distributed Low-Communication Training of Language Models

Reference 3

Resolution: metadata mismatch; arxiv_id, observed 2026-07-01T21:16:14.072138Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

Observation e18b6555-34f8-4f6c-96e7-27c2a768b362 · inbound

Echelon: Auditable Aggregate-Only Language-Model Adaptation Across Privacy Boundaries cites this paper.

Echelon: Auditable Aggregate-Only Language-Model Adaptation Across Privacy Boundaries DiLoCo: Distributed Low-Communication Training of Language Models

Reference 10

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-07-02T00:06:23.646181Z

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No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

Observation cbdf6fdf-bd18-4ff0-8067-26d1d8d21a0d · inbound

Learned Subspace Compression for Communication-Efficient Pipeline Parallelism cites this paper.

Learned Subspace Compression for Communication-Efficient Pipeline Parallelism DiLoCo: Distributed Low-Communication Training of Language Models

Reference 12

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-07-02T07:46:46.170228Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

Observation 6c2cffcd-d7b8-49f4-a770-06a1de08f54f · inbound

Unifying Local Communications and Local Updates for LLM Pretraining cites this paper.

Unifying Local Communications and Local Updates for LLM Pretraining DiLoCo: Distributed Low-Communication Training of Language Models

Reference 7

Resolution: metadata mismatch; arxiv_id, observed 2026-07-03T04:07:37.145086Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

Observation a21a84fc-055c-42ac-af50-6b1ca4ac5690 · inbound

FoMoE: Breaking the Full-Replica Barrier with a Federation of MoEs cites this paper.

FoMoE: Breaking the Full-Replica Barrier with a Federation of MoEs DiLoCo: Distributed Low-Communication Training of Language Models

Reference 97

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-06-26T21:30:02.824990Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

Observation da0efcae-8cec-4d96-94fd-204f83bcd174 · inbound

Quantum-Resilient Decentralized AI Economies: Proof-of-Useful-Work and Post-Quantum Security cites this paper.

Quantum-Resilient Decentralized AI Economies: Proof-of-Useful-Work and Post-Quantum Security DiLoCo: Distributed Low-Communication Training of Language Models

Reference 15

Resolution: metadata mismatch; arxiv_id, observed 2026-07-04T11:49:50.890394Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

Observation 49c6774a-1edd-4d97-bfe8-5f87a536ef4a · inbound

Not Every Sync Is Safe: Calibrated DiLoCo Scheduling for Shared AI Infrastructure cites this paper.

Not Every Sync Is Safe: Calibrated DiLoCo Scheduling for Shared AI Infrastructure DiLoCo: Distributed Low-Communication Training of Language Models

Reference 1

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-07-12T12:16:10.904456Z

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Observation f05a57ea-6304-4234-a165-48f9392853ae · inbound

Byzantine Accountability Without Consensus: Strong Eventual Consistency for Non-Associative, Stochastic, Robust Aggregation cites this paper.

Byzantine Accountability Without Consensus: Strong Eventual Consistency for Non-Associative, Stochastic, Robust Aggregation DiLoCo: Distributed Low-Communication Training of Language Models

Reference 15

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-07-14T12:46:51.615514Z

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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 2148f948-01ab-44ea-bc42-d3748978e21f · inbound

What's in a Smoothness Constant? Tighter Rates for Local SGD with Bounded Second-order Heterogeneity cites this paper.

What's in a Smoothness Constant? Tighter Rates for Local SGD with Bounded Second-order Heterogeneity DiLoCo: Distributed Low-Communication Training of Language Models

Reference 4

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-02T01:23:30.172502Z

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Observation 19bc8e28-174c-4e81-9325-4f63e772b91f · inbound

Federated Lightweight Fine-Tuning cites this paper.

Federated Lightweight Fine-Tuning DiLoCo: Distributed Low-Communication Training of Language Models

Reference 5

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T17:36:03.863586Z

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Observation 6bfc9d83-eeff-4b6c-96eb-2155984c6f95 · inbound

Controlled Periodic Synchronization for Efficient Data-Parallel Training cites this paper.

Controlled Periodic Synchronization for Efficient Data-Parallel Training DiLoCo: Distributed Low-Communication Training of Language Models

Reference 30

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T08:10:51.408706Z

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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.