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The PLATO Mission
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PLATO (PLAnetary Transits and Oscillations of stars) is ESA's M3 mission designed to detect and characterise extrasolar planets and perform asteroseismic monitoring of a large number of stars. PLATO will detect small planets (down to <2 R_(Earth)) around bright stars (<11 mag), including terrestrial planets in the habitable zone of solar-like stars. With the complement of radial velocity observations from the ground, planets will be characterised for their radius, mass, and age with high accuracy (5 %, 10 %, 10 % for an Earth-Sun combination respectively). PLATO will provide us with a large-scale catalogue of well-characterised small planets up to intermediate orbital periods, relevant for a meaningful comparison to planet formation theories and to better understand planet evolution. It will make possible comparative exoplanetology to place our Solar System planets in a broader context. In parallel, PLATO will study (host) stars using asteroseismology, allowing us to determine the stellar properties with high accuracy, substantially enhancing our knowledge of stellar structure and evolution. The payload instrument consists of 26 cameras with 12cm aperture each. For at least four years, the mission will perform high-precision photometric measurements. Here we review the science objectives, present PLATO's target samples and fields, provide an overview of expected core science performance as well as a description of the instrument and the mission profile at the beginning of the serial production of the flight cameras. PLATO is scheduled for a launch date end 2026. This overview therefore provides a summary of the mission to the community in preparation of the upcoming operational phases.
Forward citations
Cited by 34 Pith papers
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Measuring the Suns radial velocity variability due to supergranulation over a magnetic cycle
Using eight years of HARPS-N Sun-as-a-star radial velocities, the authors measure a clear variation in the supergranulation timescale over the solar cycle, strongly anti-correlated with the sunspot number.
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Asteroseismic forward modelling of 36 $\beta$ Cep pulsators and inferences on their internal differential rotation
Forward modelling of 36 β Cep stars with second-order rotation effects shows internal rotation declining with age and common radial differential rotation, often non-monotonic, in 17 stars.
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The symphony of pulsations and binarity among massive stars using HERMES spectroscopy and TESS photometry
An ensemble analysis of 873 O/B stars shows photometric variability in >93%, pulsations in ~82%, and evidence of binarity in at least 14%, including 30 newly discovered eclipsing binaries.
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Towards understanding stellar variability at the sub m/s level: granulation-induced variability across the optical spectrum
Using 3D solar simulations, 72 spectral lines show that weak lines have the largest granulation-induced RV variability (up to 40–50 m/s), strong lines vary most in equivalent width, and most lines' RV and width change...
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The Fe I 4377 {\AA} Line as a Solar Faculae Indicator: Insights from Spectral Ratio Analysis
Spectral ratio analysis of the Fe I 4377 Å line in HARPS-N Sun-as-a-star spectra recovers facular filling factors that track SDO/HMI measurements (Pearson R = 0.587–0.927).
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Detecting Solar-Like Oscillations in the Highest Mass TESS Giants
Custom-aperture TESS photometry detects solar-like oscillations in 43 intermediate-mass giants (10 above 5 M⊙) and shows APOGEE DR19 log g is ~0.23 dex too high versus seismic values.
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Spectral Ratio Analysis: probing of a new suite of stellar activity indicators as a tool for astrophysical noise mitigation
SRA-derived photospheric activity indicators track stellar RV variability up to a factor of two better than classical proxies like logR'HK across 14 G/K stars.
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Hints of enhanced magnetic activity after the intermediate rotation period gap as traced by the chromospheric Ca ii infrared triplet
Main-sequence Kepler stars exhibit enhanced chromospheric Ca II IRT activity after the intermediate-period gap, paralleling the photospheric Sph signature.
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On the Eccentricity Distribution and Tidal Evolution of Transiting Brown Dwarfs
Short-period (P<16 d) transiting brown dwarfs are low-eccentricity while longer-period ones are more excited; assuming a shared primordial Beta distribution, tidal evolution constrains Q_BD ≈ 10^{7.1–8.1}.
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A Search for Transiting Exocomets in TESS Sectors 1-26
A TESS primary mission search finds five new exocomet-like transit candidates and estimates a 2.64e-4 per star per year occurrence rate, concluding such transits are rare at 0.1% to 1% depths.
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Granulation signatures in 3D hydrodynamical simulations: evaluating background model performance using a Bayesian nested sampling framework
Multi-component granulation background models are statistically preferred over a single-component model across 27 3D convection simulations, with a tentative third component beyond νmax.
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On Hot Jupiters and Stellar Clustering: The Role of Host Star Demographics
The apparent excess of hot Jupiters in phase-space overdensities is driven by younger, more massive, more metal-rich host stars, not by an intrinsic environmental formation channel.
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Linearity of Structure Kernels in Main-sequence and Subgiant Solar-like Oscillators
Current linear structure inversions with mixed modes are unreliable for subgiant stars because the mode kernels change too rapidly with evolution, while main-sequence inversions remain valid.
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Planet Earth in reflected and polarized light: II. Refining contrast estimates for rocky exoplanets with ELT and HWO
Advanced 3D radiative transfer with realistic Earth clouds and surfaces halves the predicted reflected-light contrast for nearby rocky exoplanets and shows polarization is more model-sensitive than intensity.
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In-depth characterization of the Kepler-10 three-planet system with HARPS-N radial velocities and Kepler transit timing variations
Kepler-10b is a rocky 3.24 Earth-mass super-Earth, Kepler-10c is an 11.29 Earth-mass sub-Neptune whose density permits a water-world interior, and non-transiting Kepler-10d has a 151-day orbit and a minimum mass of 12...
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Searching for Hot Water World Candidates with CHEOPS: Refining the radii and analysing the internal structures and atmospheric lifetimes of TOI-238 b and TOI-1685 b
TOI-238 b lies inside a newly defined Hot Water World triangle in mass-radius space and likely retains a water-rich atmosphere, while TOI-1685 b is consistent with a bare core.
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Impact of radiative accelerations on the stellar characterization of FGK-type stars using spectroscopic and seismic constraints
Using a fast approximation for radiative accelerations in stellar models changes predicted surface calcium in F-type stars but barely affects inferred masses, radii, and ages.
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Testing the wavelength dependence of oscillations and granulation in red giants using Kepler and TESS
Oscillation and granulation power in 279 red giants both decrease from Kepler to TESS wavelengths as theory predicts, and the signal-to-noise ratio is roughly wavelength-independent.
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Characterization of the variability of the blue supergiant HD 14134
HD 14134 is a post-main-sequence blue supergiant with a 19.2-day g-mode pulsation and wind variability that may dominate its TESS brightness changes, questioning its alpha Cyg variable classification.
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SCoRE: the Surface Composition of Rocky Exoplanets
In over 150,000 equilibrium crust-atmosphere models, the thermal stability of 23 minerals is tied to atmospheric type, independent of the six tested refractory-element abundance sets.
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Re-examining Super-Nyquist Frequencies of 68 $\delta$ Scuti Stars Utilizing the Kepler Long Cadence Photometry
Six frequencies in four delta Scuti stars are actually alias images of super-Nyquist signals, identified by re-analyzing Kepler long-cadence data with the sliding Lomb-Scargle periodogram.
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AutoWISP: Automated Processing of Wide-Field Color Images
A new open-source pipeline, AutoWISP, automates calibration, astrometry, photometry, and detrending for DSLR images, achieving sub-percent precision in a Sony camera case study.
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Prospects of detecting rotational flatness of exoplanets from space-based photometry
Using a new Gauss-Legendre quadrature transit model and 800 injection-retrieval tests, the authors find Saturn-like oblateness is detectable at 3sigma in favorable cases, while planets flatter than Jupiter are not rel...
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Asteroseismology with PBjam 2.0: measuring dipole mode frequencies in coupling regimes from main sequence to low-luminosity red giant stars
PBjam 2.0 adds three Bayesian models for automatic identification of l=1 mixed-mode frequencies in main-sequence, subgiant, and red-giant stars.
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Performance of the Stellar Abundances and atmospheric Parameters Pipeline adapted for M dwarfs I. Atmospheric parameters from the spectroscopic module
An M dwarf adaptation of the SAPP pipeline derives Teff, log g, and [Fe/H] from H-band APOGEE spectra, validated against 26 benchmark stars.
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Searching for Habitable Exoplanets with Relative Astrometry (SHERA). I. The Case for Searching for Planets in Binary Star Systems
SHERA is a proposed Small Explorer astrometry mission that could detect rocky habitable-zone planets around 14 nearby Sun-like stars in binary systems using microarcsecond relative astrometry.
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Estimating Orbital Parameters of Direct Imaging Exoplanet Using Neural Network
Warm-starting parallel-tempered MCMC with flow-matching posterior proposals infers β Pictoris b's orbit about 78-365× faster than conventional samplers with comparable posteriors, though the comparison is not fully ap...
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The Rayleigh Criterion: Resolution Limits of Astronomical Periodograms
Applying the Rayleigh resolution limit, 2/T, to periodogram peaks challenges several published planet and differential-rotation detections and calls for caution before reporting long-period signals.
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Exo-MerCat v2.0.0: updates and open-source release of the Exoplanet Merged Catalog software
Exo-MerCat v2.0.0 is an upgraded, open-source exoplanet catalog merger that adds TESS and K2 candidate sources, tighter stellar identifiers, and richer merging flags.
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Estimating solar radiation environment extremes
Using soft X-ray flare fluxes, the authors find that a scaling method can reproduce worst-case particle fluence spectra for extreme solar events up to about 1 GeV.
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The Stellar Observations Network Group (SONG) -- A Legacy Archive of Stellar Time-Domain Spectroscopy
The SONG network archive holds >580,000 spectra of 3091 stars (2014–2025) and is presented as an open community resource for asteroseismology, binaries, variability, and exoplanets.
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The Future of Solar modelling: requirements for a new generation of solar models
A community review that identifies key uncertainties in solar modelling and outlines priorities for future progress.
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Selected Results on Variable Stars Observed by TESS
A curated review of TESS-era results across the major classes of variable stars, with illustrative light curves, but with no new observational or theoretical result.
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From stellar light to astrophysical insight: automating variable star research with machine learning
An invited review of machine learning for automated variable star research, covering data cleaning, variability classification, stellar parameter inference, and foundation models.
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