A tweezer array with 6100 highly coherent atomic qubits

Elie Bataille; Gyohei Nomura; Hannah J. Manetsch; Kon H. Leung; Manuel Endres; Xudong Lv

arxiv: 2403.12021 · v4 · pith:LT7DAISBnew · submitted 2024-03-18 · 🪐 quant-ph · cond-mat.quant-gas· physics.atom-ph

A tweezer array with 6100 highly coherent atomic qubits

Hannah J. Manetsch , Gyohei Nomura , Elie Bataille , Kon H. Leung , Xudong Lv , Manuel Endres This is my paper

Pith reviewed 2026-05-25 08:51 UTC · model grok-4.3

classification 🪐 quant-ph cond-mat.quant-gasphysics.atom-ph

keywords optical tweezersneutral atomsatomic qubitscoherence timequantum error correctionqubit transportimaging fidelity

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The pith

An optical tweezer array traps over 6100 neutral atoms while achieving a 12.6-second coherence time and 99.9895 percent imaging survival.

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

The paper shows how to build an optical tweezer array that traps more than 6100 neutral atoms in about 12000 sites. It reports a coherence time of 12.6 seconds for the hyperfine qubits, the longest yet in such arrays, and room-temperature trapping times of 23 minutes. These features produce an imaging survival rate of 99.98952 percent with over 99.99 percent fidelity. The authors also demonstrate moving qubits across large distances while keeping their coherence intact. Reaching this scale with these performance levels matters for experiments that aim to run quantum error correction, which requires many more atoms than typical current setups use.

Core claim

The authors experimentally realize an array of optical tweezers trapping over 6100 neutral atoms in around 12000 sites, achieving a coherence time of 12.6 seconds, 23-minute trapping lifetimes, imaging survival of 99.98952 percent with fidelity above 99.99 percent, and coherence-preserving transport and pick-up operations on large scales, as a step toward zone-based quantum computing.

What carries the argument

The optical tweezer array, which arranges thousands of focused laser spots to hold individual atoms and supports the reported long coherence, high survival during imaging, and coherence-preserving transport operations.

If this is right

Coherence-preserving transport and pick-up operations enable rearrangement of qubits over large spatial scales without loss of coherence.
Record imaging survival allows many repeated measurements with minimal atom loss.
The combination of scale and coherence metrics supports plans for zone-based quantum computing architectures.
These results suggest that systems with thousands to tens of thousands of physical qubits could become feasible in the near term.

Where Pith is reading between the lines

These are editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

Large numbers of atoms with these lifetimes could reduce the need for frequent reloading in long experiments.
Similar performance might be achievable in other neutral-atom platforms if the transport techniques generalize.
Testing full gate operations on subsets of this array would directly check if the coherence time supports error-corrected computation.
The high survival rate could enable protocols that require thousands of imaging cycles per run.

Load-bearing premise

The demonstrated coherence time, imaging survival, and transport operations will continue to support quantum gates, mid-circuit measurements, and error-correction protocols without major additional losses or decoherence.

What would settle it

A measurement showing that adding quantum gates reduces the effective coherence time below the threshold needed for error correction, such as below a few seconds for typical codes, would falsify the claim that these metrics enable near-term universal quantum computing.

read the original abstract

Optical tweezer arrays have transformed atomic and molecular physics, now forming the backbone for a range of leading experiments in quantum computing, simulation, and metrology. Typical experiments trap tens to hundreds of atomic qubits, and recently systems with around one thousand atoms were realized without defining qubits or demonstrating coherent control. However, scaling to thousands of atomic qubits with long coherence times, low-loss, and high-fidelity imaging is an outstanding challenge and critical for progress in quantum science, particularly towards quantum error correction. Here, we experimentally realize an array of optical tweezers trapping over 6,100 neutral atoms in around 12,000 sites, simultaneously surpassing state-of-the-art performance for several metrics that underpin the success of the platform. Specifically, while scaling to such a large number of atoms, we demonstrate a coherence time of 12.6(1) seconds, a record for hyperfine qubits in an optical tweezer array. We show room-temperature trapping lifetimes of 23 minutes, enabling record-high imaging survival of 99.98952(1)% with an imaging fidelity of over 99.99%. We present a plan for zone-based quantum computing and demonstrate necessary coherence-preserving qubit transport and pick-up/drop-off operations on large spatial scales, characterized through interleaved randomized benchmarking. Our results, along with recent developments, indicate that universal quantum computing and quantum error correction with thousands to tens of thousands of physical qubits could be a near-term prospect.

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, simulated authors' rebuttal, and a circularity audit. Tearing a paper down is the easy half of reading it; the pith above is the substance, this is the friction.

Desk Editor's Note private letter to a colleague

They scaled a neutral-atom tweezer array to 6100 atoms with 12.6 s coherence and high imaging survival, but report no gates.

read the letter

The main result is an experimental demonstration of an optical tweezer array holding over 6100 neutral atoms across roughly 12000 sites. They measure a 12.6(1) s coherence time for hyperfine qubits, 23-minute room-temperature lifetimes, and imaging survival of 99.98952(1)% at >99.99% fidelity. They also characterize coherence-preserving transport and pick-up/drop-off operations over large distances using interleaved randomized benchmarking and sketch a zone-based architecture for future use. These numbers exceed the scales and performance levels cited from prior work in the abstract, so the platform advance is real on the hardware side. The experimental metrics are presented with error bars and appear directly measured rather than derived from models. The soft spot is the lack of any gate data. No single-qubit or two-qubit fidelities, no entangling gates, and no error rates under the actual imaging or transport conditions are shown. The abstract links the results to near-term universal quantum computing and error correction with thousands of physical qubits, but that step is explicitly left for future work. The transport benchmarking is useful, yet it does not test the full stack needed for error correction. This paper is for groups building or comparing neutral-atom hardware platforms. Readers tracking qubit counts, coherence, and loss rates will find the numbers worth noting. It deserves peer review because the scaling claim is concrete and the methods for maintaining performance at this size are worth checking in detail, even with the forward-looking QC outlook.

Referee Report

1 major / 1 minor

Summary. The manuscript reports the experimental realization of an optical tweezer array trapping over 6,100 neutral atoms in approximately 12,000 sites. Key results include a coherence time of 12.6(1) s for hyperfine qubits (a record in this platform), room-temperature trapping lifetimes of 23 minutes, imaging survival of 99.98952(1)% with fidelity exceeding 99.99%, and coherence-preserving transport/pick-up/drop-off operations characterized via interleaved randomized benchmarking. The authors outline a zone-based architecture for quantum computing and conclude that these metrics, together with recent developments, indicate near-term prospects for universal quantum computing and error correction with thousands of physical qubits.

Significance. If the reported metrics hold under the stated conditions, this constitutes a notable experimental advance in neutral-atom platforms by demonstrating simultaneous scaling to >6000 atoms while achieving or exceeding prior benchmarks in coherence, lifetime, and imaging fidelity. The transport demonstrations provide concrete support for the feasibility of modular, zone-based architectures. These results strengthen the case for neutral atoms as a scalable modality, particularly for applications requiring large numbers of physical qubits.

major comments (1)

[Abstract, Section 4, Outlook] Abstract and Outlook paragraph: The claim that the demonstrated coherence time, imaging survival, lifetime, and transport operations 'indicate that universal quantum computing and quantum error correction with thousands to tens of thousands of physical qubits could be a near-term prospect' is not supported by the data presented. Section 4 explicitly defers implementation of gates to future work, and no single-qubit, two-qubit, or entangling gate fidelities (or error rates under imaging/transport conditions) are reported. This leaves the central assumption that the measured metrics will combine with high-fidelity gates and mid-circuit readout without degradation untested.

minor comments (1)

[Transport characterization section] The interleaved randomized benchmarking results for transport are presented without explicit comparison to the coherence time or a breakdown of error sources (e.g., motional heating vs. laser phase noise), which would strengthen the claim of coherence preservation on large spatial scales.

Simulated Author's Rebuttal

1 responses · 0 unresolved

We thank the referee for their careful reading of the manuscript and for the positive assessment of its significance. We address the single major comment below.

read point-by-point responses

Referee: [Abstract, Section 4, Outlook] Abstract and Outlook paragraph: The claim that the demonstrated coherence time, imaging survival, lifetime, and transport operations 'indicate that universal quantum computing and quantum error correction with thousands to tens of thousands of physical qubits could be a near-term prospect' is not supported by the data presented. Section 4 explicitly defers implementation of gates to future work, and no single-qubit, two-qubit, or entangling gate fidelities (or error rates under imaging/transport conditions) are reported. This leaves the central assumption that the measured metrics will combine with high-fidelity gates and mid-circuit readout without degradation untested.

Authors: We agree that the present work does not demonstrate gate operations, as Section 4 explicitly states that gate implementation is deferred to future experiments. The abstract and outlook statements are qualified by the phrase 'along with recent developments,' which is intended to reference parallel progress on high-fidelity gates and mid-circuit readout reported elsewhere. The manuscript's contribution is the simultaneous achievement, at the scale of >6000 atoms, of the coherence, lifetime, imaging fidelity, and coherence-preserving transport metrics that constitute major technical bottlenecks for the platform. Nevertheless, to avoid any implication that the reported metrics have already been validated in combination with gates, we will revise the abstract and outlook paragraphs to state more precisely that these results remove key obstacles and, together with ongoing gate developments, position the platform for the described prospects. revision: yes

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged

No circularity: pure experimental reporting of measured quantities

full rationale

The manuscript is an experimental demonstration paper. It reports directly measured values (coherence time 12.6(1) s, lifetime 23 min, imaging survival 99.98952(1)%, transport via interleaved RB) on a realized tweezer array. No derivation chain, fitted parameters renamed as predictions, self-citation load-bearing premises, or ansatz smuggling exists. All central claims rest on external benchmarks (measured data) rather than internal reduction. This is the normal non-circular outcome for experimental work.

Axiom & Free-Parameter Ledger

0 free parameters · 1 axioms · 0 invented entities

The central claim is an experimental demonstration resting on established atomic-physics techniques rather than new theoretical constructs; no free parameters or invented entities appear in the abstract.

axioms (1)

domain assumption Neutral atoms prepared in hyperfine states in optical tweezers can exhibit long coherence times under laser cooling and magnetic-field control.
This background assumption underpins the reported 12.6 s coherence measurement and is standard for all neutral-atom qubit experiments.

pith-pipeline@v0.9.0 · 5811 in / 1553 out tokens · 62040 ms · 2026-05-25T08:51:15.551961+00:00 · methodology

discussion (0)

Lean theorems connected to this paper

Citations machine-checked in the Pith Canon. Every link opens the source theorem in the public Lean library.

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unclear
Relation between the paper passage and the cited Recognition theorem.

we experimentally realize an array of optical tweezers trapping over 6,100 neutral atoms in around 12,000 sites, simultaneously surpassing state-of-the-art performance for several metrics that underpin the success of the platform. Specifically, while scaling to such a large number of atoms, we demonstrate a coherence time of 12.6(1) seconds, a record for hyperfine qubits in an optical tweezer array.
Foundation/LedgerForcing.lean conservation_from_balance unclear

?

unclear
Relation between the paper passage and the cited Recognition theorem.

We present a plan for zone-based quantum computing and demonstrate necessary coherence-preserving qubit transport and pick-up/drop-off operations on large spatial scales, characterized through interleaved randomized benchmarking.
Foundation/PhiForcing.lean phi_equation unclear

?

unclear
Relation between the paper passage and the cited Recognition theorem.

Our results, along with recent developments, indicate that universal quantum computing and quantum error correction with thousands to tens of thousands of physical qubits could be a near-term prospect.

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supports: The theorem supports part of the paper's argument, but the paper may add assumptions or extra steps.
extends: The paper goes beyond the formal theorem; the theorem is a base layer rather than the whole result.
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contradicts: The paper's claim conflicts with a theorem or certificate in the canon.
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