Pith. sign in

REVIEW 36 cited by

RRHF: Rank Responses to Align Language Models with Human Feedback without tears

Not yet reviewed by Pith; the record is open.

This paper has not been read by Pith yet. Machine review is queued; the pith claim, tier, and objections will appear here once it completes.

SPECIMEN: schema-true, not a live event

T0 review · schema-true

One-sentence machine reading of the paper's core claim.

pith:XXXXXXXX · record.json · timestamp

arxiv 2304.05302 v3 pith:S4YJM6DB submitted 2023-04-11 cs.CL

RRHF: Rank Responses to Align Language Models with Human Feedback without tears

classification cs.CL
keywords rrhfhumanmodelmodelsresponseslanguagealignpreferences
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
0 comments
Share X Bluesky LinkedIn Reddit HN
read the original abstract

Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) facilitates the alignment of large language models with human preferences, significantly enhancing the quality of interactions between humans and models. InstructGPT implements RLHF through several stages, including Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT), reward model training, and Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO). However, PPO is sensitive to hyperparameters and requires multiple models in its standard implementation, making it hard to train and scale up to larger parameter counts. In contrast, we propose a novel learning paradigm called RRHF, which scores sampled responses from different sources via a logarithm of conditional probabilities and learns to align these probabilities with human preferences through ranking loss. RRHF can leverage sampled responses from various sources including the model responses from itself, other large language model responses, and human expert responses to learn to rank them. RRHF only needs 1 to 2 models during tuning and can efficiently align language models with human preferences robustly without complex hyperparameter tuning. Additionally, RRHF can be considered an extension of SFT and reward model training while being simpler than PPO in terms of coding, model counts, and hyperparameters. We evaluate RRHF on the Helpful and Harmless dataset, demonstrating comparable alignment performance with PPO by reward model score and human labeling. Extensive experiments show that the performance of RRHF is highly related to sampling quality which suggests RRHF is a best-of-n learner. Codes available at https://github.com/GanjinZero/RRHF.

discussion (0)

Sign in with ORCID, Apple, or X to comment. Anyone can read and Pith papers without signing in.

Forward citations

Cited by 36 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score.

  1. TokenRatio: Principled Token-Level Preference Optimization via Ratio Matching

    cs.CL 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 7.0

    Introduces TBPO, which derives a Bregman-divergence density-ratio matching objective for token-level preference optimization that generalizes DPO while preserving the induced optimal policy.

  2. TokenRatio: Principled Token-Level Preference Optimization via Ratio Matching

    cs.CL 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 7.0

    TBPO posits a token-level Bradley-Terry model and derives a Bregman-divergence density-ratio matching loss that generalizes DPO while preserving token-level optimality.

  3. Offline Preference Optimization for Rectified Flow with Noise-Tracked Pairs

    cs.CV 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 7.0

    PNAPO augments preference data with prior noise pairs and uses straight-line interpolation to create a tighter surrogate objective for offline alignment of rectified flow models.

  4. PairAlign: A Framework for Sequence Tokenization via Self-Alignment with Applications to Audio Tokenization

    cs.LG 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 7.0

    PairAlign learns compact variable-length token sequences for audio via self-alignment on paired content-preserving views, achieving 55% fewer archive tokens than VQ while preserving edit-distance retrieval at 12.71 tokens/s.

  5. PairAlign: A Framework for Sequence Tokenization via Self-Alignment with Applications to Audio Tokenization

    cs.LG 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 7.0

    PairAlign learns compact audio token sequences via self-alignment of paired content views using an autoregressive decoder, achieving strong cross-view consistency and edit-distance preservation while reducing token co...

  6. WizardLM: Empowering large pre-trained language models to follow complex instructions

    cs.CL 2023-04 conditional novelty 7.0

    WizardLM uses LLM-driven iterative rewriting to generate complex instruction data and fine-tunes LLaMA to reach over 90% of ChatGPT capacity on 17 of 29 evaluated skills.

  7. Test-Time Scaling via Error Localization

    cs.LG 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0

    TTEL uses feedback-induced token probability drops to localize the first error in a failed reasoning trace and branch a new generation from that prefix, improving pass@k per token on coding and math benchmarks.

  8. Every Sample Counts: Supervised Fine-Tuning of Language Models with Pointwise Constraints

    eess.SP 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0

    Pointwise constrained fine-tuning via sample-wise augmented Lagrangians and learned relaxations reduces tail constraint violations across safety, tool-calling, and re-ranking while preserving average task performance.

  9. Multi-Turn On-Policy Distillation with Prefix Replay

    cs.LG 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0

    ReOPD offline-distills multi-turn agentic LLMs via teacher-prefix replay plus step-decay sampling, matching online OPD accuracy at ≥4× speed with zero tool calls.

  10. Convex Optimization for Alignment and Preference Learning on a Single GPU

    cs.LG 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    COALA applies convex optimization reformulations of neural networks to direct preference optimization, claiming single-GPU training with ~18% of DPO's TFLOPs and competitive performance on multiple datasets and models...

  11. SCOPE and SCION: A Benchmark and an Auditable Reference Pipeline for Schema Induction and Fusion from Text

    cs.AI 2026-05 conditional novelty 6.0

    A 24-dataset benchmark for inducing schema graphs from raw text, plus an auditable LLM-based pipeline that reports the highest scores on the benchmark's four schema-similarity metrics.

  12. TokenRatio: Principled Token-Level Preference Optimization via Ratio Matching

    cs.CL 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    TBPO derives a token-level preference optimization objective from sequence-level pairwise data via Bregman divergence ratio matching that generalizes DPO and improves alignment quality.

  13. Response Time Enhances Alignment with Heterogeneous Preferences

    cs.LG 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    Response times modeled as drift-diffusion processes enable consistent estimation of population-average preferences from heterogeneous anonymous binary choices.

  14. RLearner-LLM: Balancing Logical Grounding and Fluency in Large Language Models via Hybrid Direct Preference Optimization

    cs.CL 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    RLearner-LLM's Hybrid-DPO fuses DeBERTa NLI and LLM verifier scores to deliver up to 6x higher NLI entailment than standard SFT while preserving answer coverage across academic domains.

  15. RLearner-LLM: Balancing Logical Grounding and Fluency in Large Language Models via Hybrid Direct Preference Optimization

    cs.CL 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    RLearner-LLM achieves up to 6x gains in NLI entailment over standard fine-tuning by using an automated hybrid DPO pipeline that balances logic and fluency across multiple model sizes and domains.

  16. GroupDPO: Memory efficient Group-wise Direct Preference Optimization

    cs.CL 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    GroupDPO decouples group-wise preference optimization during backpropagation to cut peak memory while keeping the same gradients, allowing larger groups and consistent gains over single-pair DPO plus an NLL term on positives.

  17. OOWM: Structuring Embodied Reasoning and Planning via Object-Oriented Programmatic World Modeling

    cs.AI 2026-02 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    OOWM models the world as an explicit symbolic tuple with UML diagrams and trains via SFT plus GRPO to outperform text-based CoT on embodied planning benchmarks.

  18. Simultaneous Multi-objective Alignment Across Verifiable and Non-verifiable Rewards

    cs.LG 2025-10 conditional novelty 6.0

    MAHALO aligns LLMs to multiple objectives in one model via per-objective action heads and PRM-guided decoding, improving math, value, and tutoring metrics jointly.

  19. Flexible Agent Alignment with Goal Inference from Open-Ended Dialog

    cs.AI 2025-08 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    Introduces OU-AGs framework and GOOD online inference method to extract ranked natural-language goal distributions from open-ended dialogue, improving alignment in shopping, robotics, and coding domains.

  20. HybridFlow: A Flexible and Efficient RLHF Framework

    cs.LG 2024-09 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    HybridFlow combines single- and multi-controller paradigms with a 3D-HybridEngine to deliver 1.53x to 20.57x higher throughput for various RLHF algorithms compared to prior systems.

  21. UNA: A Unified Supervised Framework for Efficient LLM Alignment Across Feedback Types

    cs.LG 2024-08 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    UNA unifies binary, pairwise, and score-based feedback for LLM alignment via a generalized implicit reward function shown optimal by the log sum inequality.

  22. DeepSeekMath: Pushing the Limits of Mathematical Reasoning in Open Language Models

    cs.CL 2024-02 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    DeepSeekMath 7B reaches 51.7% on MATH via continued pretraining on curated web math data and Group Relative Policy Optimization.

  23. Multi-Turn On-Policy Distillation with Prefix Replay

    cs.LG 2026-07 conditional novelty 5.0

    By replaying teacher prefixes with a step-decay schedule, multi-turn on-policy distillation can run without live environment interaction, matching or slightly beating online OPD accuracy.

  24. RLearner-LLM: Balancing Logical Grounding and Fluency in Large Language Models via Hybrid Direct Preference Optimization

    cs.CL 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    Hybrid-DPO combining NLI and verifier scores delivers up to 6x NLI improvement over SFT baselines across multiple LLMs and domains while preserving answer coverage and inference speed.

  25. RLearner-LLM: Balancing Logical Grounding and Fluency in Large Language Models via Hybrid Direct Preference Optimization

    cs.CL 2026-05 conditional novelty 5.0

    Hybrid-DPO, which trains LLMs on preference pairs scored by a DeBERTa NLI entailment signal plus a verifier fluency score, improves NLI entailment over SFT in 11 of 15 model-domain cells and documents a persistent ver...

  26. POPI: Personalizing LLMs via Optimized Natural Language Preference Inference

    cs.CL 2025-10 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    POPI distills user preferences into reusable natural-language summaries via a shared inference model and conditions a generator on them, trained jointly with RL to improve personalization quality while cutting context...

  27. Failure Modes of Maximum Entropy RLHF

    cs.LG 2025-09 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    Derives SimPO from MaxEnt RL and reports that MaxEnt RL in online RLHF exhibits frequent overoptimization and unstable KL dynamics across scales, unlike stable KL-constrained baselines.

  28. Trustworthy LLMs: a Survey and Guideline for Evaluating Large Language Models' Alignment

    cs.AI 2023-08 accept novelty 5.0

    Survey organizes LLM trustworthiness into seven categories and 29 sub-categories, measures eight sub-categories on popular models, and finds that more aligned models generally score higher but with varying effectiveness.

  29. RAFT: Reward rAnked FineTuning for Generative Foundation Model Alignment

    cs.LG 2023-04 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    RAFT aligns generative models by ranking samples with a reward model and fine-tuning only on the top-ranked outputs, reporting gains on reward scores and automated metrics for LLMs and diffusion models.

  30. BV-Blend: Uncertainty-Weighted Historical Baselines for Stable Critic-Free RL with Verifiable Rewards

    cs.AI 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 4.0

    BV-Blend blends prompt-local and semantic-cluster historical reward statistics via SEM-derived weights to stabilize critic-free RL advantage estimation.

  31. A Survey of Self-Evolving Agents: What, When, How, and Where to Evolve on the Path to Artificial Super Intelligence

    cs.AI 2025-07 accept novelty 4.0

    The paper delivers the first systematic review of self-evolving agents, structured around what components evolve, when adaptation occurs, and how it is implemented.

  32. A Survey on LLM-as-a-Judge

    cs.CL 2024-11 unverdicted novelty 4.0

    A survey on LLM-as-a-Judge that reviews reliability strategies, proposes evaluation methods, and introduces a novel benchmark for assessing such systems.

  33. PKG-DPO: Optimizing Domain-Specific AI systems with Physics Knowledge Graphs and Direct Preference Optimization

    cs.AI 2025-08 reject novelty 3.0

    A physics knowledge graph plus Direct Preference Optimization reduces physically invalid AI recommendations in welding by 17% over knowledge-graph-only DPO, but the evidence is weakened by circular evaluation and no p...

  34. A Survey on Knowledge Distillation of Large Language Models

    cs.CL 2024-02 accept novelty 3.0

    A comprehensive survey of knowledge distillation for LLMs structured around algorithms, skill enhancement, and vertical applications, highlighting data augmentation as a key enabler.

  35. Harmful Fine-tuning Attacks and Defenses for Large Language Models: A Survey

    cs.CR 2024-09 unverdicted novelty 2.0

    Survey of harmful fine-tuning attacks on LLMs, their variants, defense strategies, mechanical analysis, and evaluation methodologies.

  36. A Comprehensive Overview of Large Language Models

    cs.CL 2023-07 unverdicted novelty 2.0

    A survey paper providing an overview of Large Language Models, their background, and recent advances in the field.