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REVIEW 4 major objections 6 minor 57 references

Hear-Your-Click: Interactive Object-Specific Video-to-Audio Generation

T0 review · 4 major / 6 minor · reviewed 2026-08-06 · deepseek-v4-flash

Pith's one-line read Hear-Your-Click makes video-to-audio generation object-specific and click-controlled, reporting the best scores on VGG-AnimSeg.

desk verdict The click-driven object-specific V2A idea is real and worth building on, but the paper's central SOTA claim is currently unverifiable because Tables 1 and 2 report incompatible scores for the same MVE+CLIP model. read the letter →

arxiv 2507.04959 v2 pith:TSFQLRLV submitted 2025-07-07 cs.CV cs.AIcs.MMcs.SDeess.AS

classification cs.CVcs.AIcs.MMcs.SDeess.AS
keywords video-to-audiogenerationinteractiveobject-specificaudiomask-guidedvisualencodercontrastiveaudio-visuallearninglatentdiffusionmodelalignmentVGG-AnimSegdataset
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal

The pith

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

The reading

The paper tries to establish that video-to-audio generation can be made object-specific by letting a user click on a frame to select the sound source, and that this click-conditioned design beats global video-to-audio models on a curated animal-video dataset. It argues that the key is to extract visual features only from the masked object, align them with audio through contrastive fine-tuning, and feed them to a latent diffusion model. If the central claim is right, content creators could generate a sound effect for a single object in a crowded scene with one click, and the proposed CAV score would provide a quantitative check that generated audio matches the selected visual content.

What carries the argument

The load-bearing object is the Mask-guided Visual Encoder (MVE), a dual-branch encoder that takes the masked video $V \odot M$ through a video branch and the binary masks $M$ through a mask branch, normalizes and sums the two feature streams. OCAV then aligns these object-level visual features with audio features through a symmetric contrastive loss, initialized from Diff-Foley's pretrained encoders. For generation, the conditioning vector is $x_c = x_v + x_v^*$, where $x_v$ comes from MVE and $x_v^*$ is CLIP features of the masked frames, and a latent diffusion model is trained to denoise a spectrogram latent conditioned on $x_c$. Two augmentations support the alignment: Mask-guided Loudness Modulation scales audio amplitude by the normalized unmasked-pixel ratio per frame, and Random Video Stitching concatenates two videos and overlaps their audio to force attention to individual objects.

What would settle it

Run Hear-Your-Click on the identical test clips with random masks that have the same size and motion as the real object masks; if FD, FAD, KL, and KID do not worsen, the object-specific mask is not doing the claimed work. Separately, collect human ratings of whether generated audio matches the clicked object and compare them with CAV scores; if CAV and humans disagree, the metric-based evidence for audio-visual correspondence is not established.

Watch

Extended reading notes

Core claim

The paper's central claim is that replacing global visual context with mask-conditioned object-level visual features is enough to make a video-to-audio diffusion model generate the sound of a clicked object and synchronize loudness with the object's on-screen size and distance. On the VGG-AnimSeg dataset (about 27,000 animal-video clips built from VGGSound by filtering with CLIP/CLAP similarity and segmenting with DEVA), Hear-Your-Click reports the best FD, FAD, KL, KID, and CAV scores among SpecVQGAN, Im2Wav, Seeing and Hearing, and Diff-Foley. The method also claims that the proposed CAV score, computed with a pretrained multimodal contrastive model, quantifies audio-video correspondence better than the existing metrics alone. The user-facing claim is that one click on a frame is enough to specify the target object, with SAM and TAM turning the click into a propagated mask.

Load-bearing premise

The comparison in Table 1 is fair: each baseline runs in its original configuration on the same test videos, so the reported advantage of Hear-Your-Click reflects the mask-conditioned design rather than dataset filtering, sampling protocol, or the unvalidated CAV metric.

Editorial extensions

If this is right

  • A single user click on one frame, propagated by SAM and TAM into a video mask, is enough to specify which object should produce sound in the generated audio.
  • The mask-conditioned visual features (MVE) lower FD, FAD, KL, and KID relative to global CLIP or CAVP features, and adding CLIP features to MVE features improves the scores further.
  • Mask-guided Loudness Modulation makes generated loudness track the target object's on-screen size and distance, while Random Video Stitching improves multi-object scene handling even though it slightly hurts aggregate metrics.
  • The CAV score gives a numeric handle on audio-video correspondence that ranks Hear-Your-Click above the compared baselines.

Reading between the lines

Editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

  • If the mask-conditioned conditioning is the real cause of the gains, the same recipe should transfer to non-animal videos and to other latent diffusion backbones, which the paper does not test.
  • The CAV score is only validated on this dataset; a straightforward extension would be to check it against human ratings of correspondence on diverse videos, since a metric that agrees with humans would be useful beyond V2A.
  • Random Video Stitching's small aggregate loss but clear multi-object benefit suggests that an aspect-ratio-preserving version, or a curriculum that applies stitching only to multi-object clips, could retain both improvements.
  • The method's reliance on automatically generated masks means its upper bound is the quality of the segmentation; testing with hand-refined masks could separate mask quality from generation quality.
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Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, and a circularity audit.

Referee Report

4 major / 6 minor

Summary. The paper proposes Hear-Your-Click, an interactive video-to-audio (V2A) framework in which a user clicks an object in a frame and the system generates audio tailored to that object. The method introduces a VGG-AnimSeg dataset built from VGGSound animal videos with DEVA-generated masks, an Object-aware Contrastive Audio-Visual Fine-tuning (OCAV) objective with a Mask-guided Visual Encoder (MVE), two data augmentations (Random Video Stitching and Mask-guided Loudness Modulation), and a new CAV evaluation score based on C-MCR contrastive audio-visual representations. The authors report state-of-the-art results on their dataset against SpecVQGAN, Im2Wav, Seeing-and-Hearing, and Diff-Foley, and provide an interactive SAM/TAM-based inference pipeline.

Significance. If the empirical claims hold, this is a useful step toward fine-grained, user-controllable V2A generation, which is a timely problem given the recent interest in interactive and object-centric generative models. The paper ships a new dataset, a concrete training recipe, and an interactive demo, and the core idea of conditioning generation on user-provided masks is sensible and likely to be adopted by the community. However, the significance is currently capped by the empirical verification: the main state-of-the-art claim rests on a single comparison table whose protocol is internally inconsistent with the ablation table, and the new CAV metric is neither validated against human perception nor shown to be independent of the very contrastive objective used to train the model.

major comments (4)
  1. [Sec. 4.2.2 (Table 1) vs. Sec. 4.3.1 (Table 2)] The same model configuration, MVE+CLIP, is reported with substantially different scores in the two tables: FD 48.78 vs. 35.41, IS 4.49 vs. 5.93, FAD 5.02 vs. 4.90, KL 2.82 vs. 2.90, KID 0.010 vs. 0.011, and CAV 2.67 vs. 2.69. The 13-point FD gap and the 1.4-point IS gap cannot be explained by sampling noise, so the two tables must use different inference protocols (for example, different numbers of generated samples per video, different mask sources, or different feature extractors). The paper does not state which protocol produced Table 1. This is load-bearing because Table 1 is the only head-to-head evidence for the state-of-the-art claim; until the discrepancy is reconciled, the reported margins over Diff-Foley and other baselines cannot be attributed to the method itself rather than to a more favorable evaluation setting.
  2. [Sec. 4.2.2] The baseline comparison in Table 1 is not fully specified. The baselines (SpecVQGAN, Im2Wav, SAH, Diff-Foley) are described as recently published open-source methods, but the paper does not state whether they were retrained on VGG-AnimSeg, whether they were given access to the masks, or how their checkpoints and inference hyperparameters were selected. If the baselines were run in their original configurations on a new dataset with different statistics, the comparison may be biased against them. The authors should report the exact evaluation protocol for each baseline, including checkpoint source, number of generated samples per video, and any dataset-specific adaptation, so that the state-of-the-art claim is verifiable.
  3. [Sec. 4.1.2 (CAV score)] The CAV score is introduced as a new metric, but it is not validated. It is computed with C-MCR, a contrastive model that integrates CLIP and CLAP embeddings, which is the same family of contrastive audio-visual representations that the proposed OCAV objective optimizes. This makes the metric partly self-referential: the model is trained to align object-level visual features with audio features in a CLIP-like space, and then evaluated by similarity in another CLIP/CLAP space. The authors should provide evidence that CAV correlates with human judgments of audio-visual correspondence, and ideally report how it behaves when the conditioning visual features are mismatched. Without such validation, CAV should be treated as supporting evidence only, not as a headline metric.
  4. [Tables 1-3] No error bars, confidence intervals, or significance tests are reported for any of the quantitative results. Several claims rest on small metric differences (for example, KL 2.82 vs. 2.90 in Tables 1 and 2, and the MLM/RVS ablations in Table 3). The paper should report results over multiple random seeds or inference runs and, where appropriate, compute statistical significance, especially for the RVS ablation that appears to degrade several metrics in Table 3.
minor comments (6)
  1. [Sec. 5 (Conclusion)] The word 'develope' should be 'develop' in the concluding paragraph.
  2. [Sec. 3.2 (VGG-AnimSeg)] The dataset filtering procedure uses CLAP and CLIP similarity thresholds, but the actual threshold values are not reported. Please specify them, along with the distribution of similarity scores, so that the dataset construction is reproducible.
  3. [Sec. 3.3.1 (MVE)] The mask branch fusion in Eq. (3) uses simple feature addition. The paper should justify why a simple sum was chosen over concatenation or attention-based fusion, especially since the mask stream and video stream may have different feature statistics.
  4. [Sec. 3.4 (Latent Diffusion Model)] The paper states that CLIP features of masked frames are added to MVE features, but it does not clarify whether the CLIP features are extracted from the masked video frames or from the original unmasked frames. Please clarify, as this affects the interpretation of the MVE+CLIP condition.
  5. [Sec. 4.1.3 (Implementation Details)] The audio hop size differs between OCAV training (250) and LDM training (256). Please explain why this discrepancy is necessary and whether it affects the temporal alignment between visual features and audio features.
  6. [Figures 3 and 4] Figures 3 and 4 are not explicitly referenced or described in the main text; they appear to illustrate concepts discussed in Sec. 3.3.3 and Sec. 3.3.4, but the reader cannot tell what the figures show. Please add explicit references and explanations.

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged · score 0.0 of 10

No significant circularity: the derivation chain from mask-conditioned visual features to generated audio is self-contained, and the CAV metric uses an external C-MCR model rather than the paper's own trained encoders.

full rationale

The paper's central pipeline is click -> SAM/TAM mask -> MVE(+CLIP) visual features -> LDM condition -> audio, with OCAV training the MVE via an InfoNCE objective against a separately initialized audio encoder. None of the equations redefines the target as an input: Eq. (5) is a standard contrastive loss on MVE/PANNs features, while the CAV score (Sec. 4.1.2) uses the external C-MCR model integrating CLIP and CLAP, so evaluation does not reuse the paper's own trained representations. The VGG-AnimSeg test set is filtered by CLIP/CLAP similarity during construction, which may inflate absolute CAV scores, but this is a dataset-selection bias affecting all methods, not a derivation that reduces to its own input. Diff-Foley, C-MCR, CLAP, CLIP, SAM, and TAM are all external references with no author overlap, so no self-citation chain is load-bearing. The discrepancy between Tables 1 and 2 for the same MVE+CLIP configuration (FD 48.78 vs 35.41) is a serious reproducibility and protocol-transparency concern, but it is an empirical inconsistency, not a circular definition or fitted-input-as-prediction. Therefore the core claims are not circular, even though the experimental evidence needs clarification.

Assumptions & free parameters 4 free parameters · 5 assumptions · 2 invented entities

The central empirical claim rests on the reliability of pretrained audio-visual encoders, the accuracy of automatic video segmentation masks, the validity of mask-area as a loudness proxy, and the fairness of the evaluation versus non-mask baselines.

free parameters (4)
  • contrastive temperature tau
    Temperature in the contrastive loss (Eq. 5) is not reported; it controls the sharpness of the alignment and is a hand-set hyperparameter.
  • CLAP/CLIP similarity selection thresholds
    Dataset filtering in Sec 3.2 selects samples by 'highest average similarity' but does not specify the threshold or how the per-class count of 400/40 was chosen.
  • guidance scales = CFG=4.5, classifier guidance=50
    Inference hyperparameters in Sec 4.1.3 are set without an ablation or justification.
  • RVS augmentation ratio = 6,800 extra samples from 1,126 base samples
    The mapping from 1,126 base samples (Sec 3.3.4) to 6,800 augmented samples (Sec 4.1.1) is unexplained, leaving the augmentation schedule ambiguous.
assumptions (5)
  • domain assumption Pretrained encoders (Diff-Foley SlowOnly, PANNs, CLIP, C-MCR) provide reliable, transferable representations for audio, video, and text.
    Used throughout Secs 3.3 and 3.4 for initialization and feature extraction; their robustness and transferability are taken as given.
  • domain assumption DEVA text-prompted video segmentation produces masks that accurately isolate the sounding object.
    Dataset construction in Sec 3.2 relies on DEVA masks to define the object-level supervision signal.
  • domain assumption The mask-area ratio is a valid proxy for object distance and therefore for audio loudness.
    MLM in Sec 3.3.3 scales audio by the normalized mask pixel fraction; this physical assumption is not validated against real distance-loudness relationships.
  • domain assumption C-MCR's audio-image contrastive similarity reflects human-perceived audio-visual correspondence.
    The CAV score in Sec 4.1.2 uses C-MCR embeddings without any human validation or calibration.
  • standard math The latent diffusion architecture of Stable Diffusion can be repurposed to generate audio spectrograms conditioned on visual features.
    Inherited from Diff-Foley in Sec 3.4; the paper relies on this existing methodology.
invented entities (2)
  • CAV score
    purpose: New automatic evaluation metric for audio-visual correspondence.
    Defined via C-MCR embeddings in Sec 4.1.2; no human validation or calibration against listeners, so its validity is not independently established.
  • VGG-AnimSeg dataset
    purpose: Filtered animal-video dataset with masks for training and evaluating object-specific V2A.
    Constructed from VGGSound in Sec 3.2; no public release or external verification; filtering criteria are internal to the paper.

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Cite this review

Pith. "Pith review of Hear-Your-Click: Interactive Object-Specific Video-to-Audio Generation." pith.science (2026). https://pith.science/paper/TSFQLRLV

@misc{pith2026250704959,
  author       = {Pith},
  title        = {Pith review of: Hear-Your-Click: Interactive Object-Specific Video-to-Audio Generation},
  year         = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://pith.science/paper/TSFQLRLV}},
  note         = {Machine review of arXiv:2507.04959}
}
read the original abstract

Video-to-audio (V2A) generation shows great potential in fields such as film production. Despite significant advances, current V2A methods relying on global video information struggle with complex scenes and generating audio tailored to specific objects. To address these limitations, we introduce Hear-Your-Click, an interactive V2A framework enabling users to generate sounds for specific objects by clicking on the frame. To achieve this, we propose Object-aware Contrastive Audio-Visual Fine-tuning (OCAV) with a Mask-guided Visual Encoder (MVE) to obtain object-level visual features aligned with audio. Furthermore, we tailor two data augmentation strategies, Random Video Stitching (RVS) and Mask-guided Loudness Modulation (MLM), to enhance the model's sensitivity to segmented objects. To measure audio-visual correspondence, we designed a new evaluation metric, the CAV score. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our framework offers more precise control and improves generation performance across various metrics. Project Page: https://github.com/SynapGrid/Hear-Your-Click

Figures

Figures reproduced from arXiv: 2507.04959 by the authors.

Figure 1
Figure 1. Overview of the Hear-Your-Click system. After users select a single frame and interactively choose specific objects or areas, Hear-Your-Click generates the corresponding audio. This user-friendly approach empowers individuals to customize the audio according to their preferences and interests. Abstract Video-to-audio (V2A) generation shows great potential in fields such as film production. Despite significant advanc… view at source ↗
Figure 2
Figure 2. OCAV architecture overview, showing the alignment of object-level visual features from MVE with corresponding audio features. Training data augmentation includes random video stitching and mask-guided loudness modulation [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p004_2.png] view at source ↗
Figure 3
Figure 3. Correlation enhancement between object distance and audio volume changes achieved through adaptive filter￾ing [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p004_3.png] view at source ↗
Figures from the paper (5 more)
Figure 5
Figure 5. Figure 5: Overview of interactive inference process. [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p006_5.png]
Figure 6
Figure 6. Figure 6: Visualization of generated audio samples: (a) Reproduction of ground truth sounds with preserved synchronization, demonstrating accurate capture of transient motion. (b) Audio volume reduction corresponding to cows running away, while maintaining finer details. [29]. T…
Figure 7
Figure 7. Figure 7: Comparison of audio generation results using different visual features, demonstrating that MVE and MVE+CLIP capture semantic information and temporal con￾text more effectively than other methods, which produce target-agnostic or low-fidelity audio [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:fig…
Figure 8
Figure 8. Figure 8: demonstrates that the model trained with MLM gen￾erates audio with more pronounced changes in loudness corresponding to the distance of the target object. How￾ever, adding RVS to our base model slightly decreases per￾formance. This may be due to the resizing process in…
Figure 9
Figure 9. Figure 9: Ablation study of Random Video Stitching (RVS), demonstrating its role in enabling the model to generate distinct sounds corresponding to multiple selected objects in the scene. augmentation. arXiv preprint arXiv:2304.14601 (2023). [6] Benjamin Elizalde, Soham Deshmukh…

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Pith tools

Reviewed August 6, 2026 · model on record in the stance chip above.