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First Sagittarius A* Event Horizon Telescope Results. III: Imaging of the Galactic Center Supermassive Black Hole

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arxiv 2311.09479 v1 pith:YQCAAT4V submitted 2023-11-16 astro-ph.HE astro-ph.GA

The Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration This is my paper · ORCID
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abstract

We present the first event-horizon-scale images and spatiotemporal analysis of Sgr A* taken with the Event Horizon Telescope in 2017 April at a wavelength of 1.3 mm. Imaging of Sgr A* has been conducted through surveys over a wide range of imaging assumptions using the classical CLEAN algorithm, regularized maximum likelihood methods, and a Bayesian posterior sampling method. Different prescriptions have been used to account for scattering effects by the interstellar medium towards the Galactic Center. Mitigation of the rapid intra-day variability that characterizes Sgr A* has been carried out through the addition of a "variability noise budget" in the observed visibilities, facilitating the reconstruction of static full-track images. Our static reconstructions of Sgr A* can be clustered into four representative morphologies that correspond to ring images with three different azimuthal brightness distributions, and a small cluster that contains diverse non-ring morphologies. Based on our extensive analysis of the effects of sparse $(u,v)$-coverage, source variability and interstellar scattering, as well as studies of simulated visibility data, we conclude that the Event Horizon Telescope Sgr A* data show compelling evidence for an image that is dominated by a bright ring of emission with a ring diameter of $\sim$ 50 $\mu$as, consistent with the expected "shadow" of a $4\times10^6 M_\odot$ black hole in the Galactic Center located at a distance of 8 kpc.

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Cited by 14 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. The glow of eternal black holes

    gr-qc 2026-08 accept novelty 6.0 of 10

    An eternal Schwarzschild black hole with an emitting surface at r=r_m would show a bright spot inside its shadow, whose interferometric visibility decays exponentially with baseline length.

  2. Signatures of Lorentz violation in bright ring for Sgr A* images by radiation ineffective accretion flows

    astro-ph.HE 2026-08 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    For a rotating Lorentz-violating black hole, increasing the LV parameter shrinks and broadens Sgr A*'s image ring, and EHT data bound the parameter over a spin-dependent range.

  3. Dark matter environments and safeguards for spacetime inference from horizon scale interferometry

    gr-qc 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Using public 2017 M87* closure data, a frozen Kerr source fails an absolute adequacy test and the differential tidal-charge response fails numerical convergence, so no posterior or bound is reported.

  4. Constructing a gravitational wave analysis pipeline for extremely large mass ratio inspirals

    astro-ph.HE 2026-01 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    A hierarchical semi-coherent F-statistic plus particle-swarm pipeline recovers an injected Sgr A* XMRI from 90 days of simulated TianQin data with sub-percent parameter precision.

  5. Universality in quasinormal modes of a magnetized black hole

    gr-qc 2025-12 unverdicted novelty 6.0 of 10

    For charged scalar perturbations of an Ernst-Schwarzschild black hole, the quasinormal-mode frequency scales as |q - q_c|^{1/2} near a critical charge q_c, with a mode-independent exponent.

  6. Photon Propagation and Black Hole Imaging in Kruglov Nonlinear Electrodynamics

    gr-qc 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 5.0 of 10

    In Kruglov's Born-Infeld-type nonlinear electrodynamics, the effective photon geometry around a charged black hole produces q-dependent shifts in light deflection, shadow radius, and accretion disk images, including s...

  7. Shadow constraints of charged black hole with scalar hair and gravitational waves from extreme mass ratio inspirals

    gr-qc 2025-06 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    EHT shadow data constrain the EMCS black hole charge and scalar hair to about 0.1 and 0.01 levels, while LISA EMRI waveforms could reach 0.01 and 0.0001 levels.

  8. Quantum parameter-mass induced scalarization of qOS-black hole in the Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet-scalar theory

    gr-qc 2025-05 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    For the quantum Oppenheimer-Snyder black hole, the heat capacity Davies points coincide exactly with the critical onset values for spontaneous scalarization in Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet-scalar gravity.

  9. Observational Constraints on Kazakov-Solodukhin Quantum-Deformed Black Holes from M87$^*$ and Sgr A$^*$ Shadows

    gr-qc 2026-07 conditional novelty 4.0 of 10

    EHT shadow sizes of M87* and Sgr A* constrain the Kazakov-Solodukhin deformation parameter η to O(1) ranges while the metric remains asymptotically Schwarzschild.

  10. Two scalarizations of magnetically charged black holes

    gr-qc 2025-07 conditional novelty 4.0 of 10

    For a magnetically charged black hole in Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet-scalar theory with nonlinear electrodynamics, the paper derives thermodynamic relations, finds shadow-based mass constraints, and predicts two scalarizati...

  11. Thermodynamics and Shadows of Kerr black holes endowed with a global monopole charge

    gr-qc 2025-06 reject novelty 4.0 of 10

    The authors derive shadow and thermodynamic quantities for a Kerr-like metric with a global monopole term in Δ, and claim EHT observations constrain the monopole charge α.

  12. Extended uncertainty principle inspired black hole in a G\"odel Universe

    gr-qc 2025-05 reject novelty 4.0 of 10

    A Godel-rotation-modified uncertainty principle is used to define a corrected black hole mass, producing enlarged horizon, shadow, and deflection with lower bounds a/M ~ 10^5 from EHT and PPN data.

  13. Analyzing Deflection Angles and Photon Sphere Dynamics of Magnetically Charged Black Holes in Nonlinear Electrodynamic

    gr-qc 2025-02 reject novelty 4.0 of 10

    A new closed-form weak deflection angle and shadow analysis for a magnetically charged NED black hole, with strong-field results that reduce to Schwarzschild after a mass redefinition.

  14. Testing Extended Theories of Gravity via Black Hole Photon Rings

    gr-qc 2025-05 conditional novelty 3.0 of 10

    For Konoplya-Zhidenko deformed Schwarzschild black holes, epsilon controls photon sphere, shadow, and photon ring size while a2 and b2 are observationally degenerate, and EHT data constrain epsilon to about -0.09 to 0...

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